pump FORD KUGA 2011 1.G Manual PDF

actuated) or opened (actuated). Each cylinder has
its own injector. The injection is accurately dosed
and takes place at a time determined by the PCM.
Injection takes place immediately in front of the
intake valves of the cylinder. The injectors are
actuated ground side via end-stages integrated
into the PCM and using the signal calculated by
the engine management system. Power is supplied
via the Powertrain Control Module relay in the BJB.
The injected fuel quantity depends on the opening
time, the fuel pressure and the diameter of the
nozzle holes.
The fuel metering is determined via open or
closed-loop control.
The open control loop differs from the closed
control loop in that the lambda control is
deactivated.
The PCM switches from closed to open-loop control
if the HO2S cools down to below 600°C or fails, as
well as when accelerating, coasting and at full load.
Regulation of injected fuel quantity via the PCM
involves:
• controlling the fuel pump,
• calculating the required quantity of fuel forengine starting,
• observance of the desired air/fuel ratio,
• calculating air mass,
• and calculating the fuel quantity for the different operating states and corresponding fuel
adjustment measures.
Open loop control
Open loop control is used primarily for fuel
injection, as long as the signals of the HO2S are
not involved in the calculation of the PCM.
The two most important reasons that make it
absolutely essential to run the engine without
lambda control (open-loop control) are the following
operating conditions:
• Cold engine (starting, warm-up phase)
• Full-load operation (WOT (wide open throttle))
Under these operating conditions the engine needs
a rich air/fuel mixture with lambda values below λ
= 1 in order to achieve optimum running or
optimum performance.
It is possible to keep this unregulated range very
small by using a broadband HO2S.
Closed-loop control
Closed loop control ensures strict control of
exhaust emissions in conjunction with the TWC (three-way catalytic converter) and economical fuel
consumption. With closed loop control, the signals
from the HO2S are analyzed by the PCM and the
engine always runs in the optimum range of λ = 1.
In addition to the normal HO2S, the signal from the
monitoring sensor for the catalytic converter is also
included in the control. The lambda control is
optimized on the basis of this data.
Certain factors such as wear, component
tolerances or more minor defects such as air leaks
in the intake system are compensated for by
lambda control. If the deviation occurs for a longer
period of time, this is recorded by the adaptive
(self-learning) function of lambda control. In this
instance, the entire map is shifted by the
corresponding amount, to enable control to
commence once again from the virtual baseline.
These adaptive settings are stored in the PCM and
are also used in open-loop control conditions.
If the adaptive value is too high or too low, an error
is stored in the fault memory of the PCM.
Oxygen sensor (HO2S) and catalyst monitor
sensor
A broadband HO2S is used as the HO2S. The
HO2S is located in front of the TWC. The catalyst
monitor sensor is located in the center of the TWC
so that it can detect any deterioration in the
cleaning performance of the TWC more quickly.
The HO2S measures the residual amount of
oxygen in the exhaust before the TWC.
The catalyst monitor sensor measures the amount
of oxygen in the exhaust gas after or in the TWC.
Both the HO2S and the catalyst monitor sensor
transmit these data to the PCM.
The broadband HO2S works at temperatures of
between 650°C and 900 °C. If the temperature
rises above 1000°C, the oxygen sensor will be
irreparably damaged.
To reach optimum operating temperature as quickly
as possible, an electrically-heated oxygen sensor
is installed. The heating also serves to maintain a
suitable operating temperature while coasting, for
example, when no hot gases are flowing past the
oxygen sensor.
The heating element in the HO2S is a PTC
(positive temperature coefficient) resistor. The
heating element is supplied with battery voltage as
soon as the Powertrain Control Module relay
engages. The HO2S is earthed via the PCM. As
the heating current is high when the element is
cold, it is limited via PWM in the PCM until a certain
G1021908en2008.50 Kuga8/2011
303-14-
21
Electronic Engine Controls— 2.5L Duratec (147kW/200PS) - VI5303-14-
21
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
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whereby the broadband HO2S emits a clear,
constant signal.
The broadband HO2S consists of a Nernst
concentration cell and an oxygen pump cell, which
transports the oxygen ions.
TIE42098
5
7
9
12
86
4
3
Description
Item
Nernst concentration cell
1
Oxygen pump cell
2
Measuring area
3
Pump current
4
Regulating switch
5
Reference voltage
6
Heater
7
Heating voltage
8
Reference air duct
9
Between the oxygen pump cell and the Nernst
measuring electrode, there is a diffusion gap which
acts as the measuring area and is connected to
the exhaust gas. The Nernst concentration cell is
connected via a duct with the ambient reference
air and the measuring area. It detects the mixture
composition in the measuring area. A concentration
of lambda = 1 is set in the measuring area using
the oxygen ion flow. This is done by applying a
reference voltage which results in a pump current.
When the exhaust gas is lean, the oxygen pump
cell is actuated in such a way that oxygen ions are
pumped out of the measuring area. This is detected
by the regulating switch, so that the flow can move
(positive direction).
If the exhaust gas is rich, then the current direction
is reversed, i.e. the cell pumps oxygen ions into
the measuring area. The regulating switch detects
this, so the flow is reversed (negative direction).
TIE42062
1
2
Description
Item
Pump current in mA
Ip
positive pump current
1
negative pump current
2
The pump current represents a direct measurement
of the mixture composition. With lambda 1 (14.7
kg air/1 kg fuel), the pump current is 0 mA. The
relatively small measured current is converted into
a voltage signal in the PCM using an evaluation
circuit. The heating of the broadband HO2S is
supplied with a reference voltage of 11 to 14V. The
operating temperature of the broadband HO2S is
650 - 900 °C.
The characteristic curve of the broadband HO2S
is constant (linear), without a lambda jump.
VCT (variable camshaft timing) solenoids
The camshaft adjustment solenoids are multi-way
solenoid valves that are actuated with a PWM
signal, thereby allowing the valve plungers to be
steplessly adjusted.
G1021908en2008.50 Kuga8/2011
303-14- 26
Electronic Engine Controls— 2.5L Duratec (147kW/200PS) - VI5303-14-
26
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
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307-01-29
Automatic transmission, selector lever in position "D". ...................................................
307-01-29
Sport mode, selector lever in position "S" .......................................................................
307-01-29
Changing gear in select-shift mode........................................................................\
........
307-01-30
Selector lever from 'N' to 'R' position ........................................................................\
......
307-01-30
Self-test and Diagnosis ........................................................................\
...........................
307-01-30
Temperature controlled torque converter lockup ............................................................
307-01-30
Slip locking ........................................................................\
..............................................
307-01-30
Hill climbing ........................................................................\
.............................................
307-01-31
Downhill driving ........................................................................\
.......................................
307-01-31
Hill-hold function ........................................................................\
.....................................
307-01-31
Altitude correction ........................................................................\
...................................
307-01-31
Selector lever lock ........................................................................\
..................................
307-01-31
Shifting from P into another transmission range .............................................................
307-01-31
Shifting from N into another transmission range .............................................................
307-01-31
Power flow through the transmission ........................................................................\
......
307-01-31
Clutches and brakes ........................................................................\
...............................
307-01-33
Position P (park) ........................................................................\
.....................................
307-01-34
Position N (neutral) ........................................................................\
.................................
307-01-35
Position D, 1st gear........................................................................\
................................
307-01-36
Position D, 2nd gear ........................................................................\
...............................
307-01-37
Position D, 3rd gear ........................................................................\
................................
307-01-38
Position D, 4th gear ........................................................................\
................................
307-01-39
Position D, 5th gear ........................................................................\
................................
307-01-40
Position R (reverse) ........................................................................\
................................
307-01-41
Service instructions ........................................................................\
.................................
307-01-41
Towing procedure ........................................................................\
...................................
307-01-42
Reset adaptation data ........................................................................\
.............................
307-01-42
Limp home mode ........................................................................\
....................................
307-01-42
Component Description ........................................................................\
..............................
Tasks of the electronic components ........................................................................\
........
307-01-44
Input signals ........................................................................\
............................................
307-01-45
Output signals ........................................................................\
.........................................
Control valve assembly ........................................................................\
...........................
Shift solenoids S1 - S5 ........................................................................\
...........................
PWM-

solenoid valve – TCC (SLU) ........................................................................\
........
PWM solenoid valve – shift pressure (SLS) ...................................................................
PWM solenoid valve for main line pressure (SLT) ..........................................................
307-01-52
Installation position ........................................................................\
.................................
Operation ........................................................................\
................................................
Selector lever with integrated select-shift switch module ...............................................
Oil pump ........................................................................\
..................................................
Torque converter with TCC ........................................................................\
.....................
The TSS sensor ........................................................................\
......................................
The OSS sensor ........................................................................\
.....................................
The TFT sensor ........................................................................\
......................................
The TR sensor ........................................................................\
........................................
GENERAL PROCEDURES
T ransmission Fluid Level Check ........................................................................\
.................
307-01-63
T ransmission Fluid Drain and Refill ........................................................................\
............
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION 307-01-67
Halfshaft Seal LH ........................................................................\
........................................
307-01-68
Halfshaft Seal RH........................................................................\
.......................................
307-01-69
Main Control Valve Body ........................................................................\
............................
307-01-2
Automatic Transmission/Transaxle
— Vehicles With:
5-Speed Automatic Transaxle - AW55 AWD
307-01- 2
.
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307-01-42
307-01-49
307-01-52 307-01-47
307-01-45
307-01-50
307-01-51
307-01-53
307-01-55
307-01-54
307-01-56
307-01-57
307-01-58
307-01-61 307-01-60
PAGE 2 OF 3 FORD KUGA 2011.0MY WORKSHOP REPAIR MANUAL

Transmission Fluid Level Check
E126079
WARNING: Beware, risk of scalding when
checking the transmission fluid.
NOTE: Refer to the service literature for the exact
procedure and specifications.
In order for the transaxle to function properly, it is
vital that the transmission fluid level is correct. If the transmission fluid level is excessively low, this
becomes noticeable by a rattling noise at the fluid
pump, etc.
Always use transmission fluid to the indicated
specification (WSS-M2C924-A).
The transmission fluid temperature is determined
using IDS.
It must be ensured that the transmission fluid
temperature is within the range specified in the
workshop literature.
The following conditions must be met in order to
carry out the transmission fluid level check
correctly:
• Ensure that the transaxle is not in limp home
mode.
• Place the vehicle on a level surface.
• Move the selector lever to the 'P' position.
• Make sure that the parking brake is fully applied.
• Run the engine at idle speed.
• Move the transmission selector lever to all positions. In doing so, wait until the transmission
engages the corresponding range.
• Move the selector lever back to the 'P' position.
• Pull out the fluid dipstick.
When the predetermined transmission fluid
temperature is reached, the fluid level shown on
the dipstick must be in the middle between 'MIN'
and 'MAX'. In this case, the fluid level is correct.
Changing the Transmission Fluid
G1163604en2008.50 Kuga8/2011
307-01- 17
Automatic Transmission/Transaxle
— Vehicles With:
5-Speed Automatic Transaxle - AW55 AWD
307-01- 17
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
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Description
Item
The TR sensor
3
The TSS sensor
4
The TFT sensor
5
TCM6Description
Item
OSS (output shaft speed) sensor
7
Solenoid valves in valve body
8
Clutches and brakes
9
TCC
10
The function is divided into an electronic and a
hydraulic control system.
Electronic Control System
Depending on the input signals, the TCM mounted
on the transmission actuates the solenoid valves
in the valve body. The TCM calculates and stores
adaptive data, fault codes and values for diagnosis.
The TR sensor is integrated in the TCM.
Hydraulic Control System
When the engine is running, a fluid pump integrated
in the transaxle housing generates the hydraulic pressure required for controlling the automatic
transaxle.
Through actuation of the solenoid valves, hydraulic
pressure is applied to the clutches and brakes via
hydraulic channels in the valve body and the
transaxle. The control valves regulate the hydraulic
pressure in accordance with the duty cycle of the
electrical PWM signal. The controlled hydraulic
pressure enables smooth shifting or the generation
of a defined slip through actuation of the relevant
clutches and brakes.
Solenoid valves are either in the 'open' or 'closed'
state.Type plate
E125523
The transaxle identification is located on the
rear/top of the transaxle housing in the direction of
travel.
G1163605en2008.50 Kuga8/2011
307-01-
24
Automatic Transmission/Transaxle
— Vehicles With:
5-Speed Automatic Transaxle - AW55 AWD
307-01- 24
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PWM- solenoid valve – TCC (SLU)
E112325
Installation position
The PWM solenoid valve for the TCC (SLU) is
located in the valve body on the front of the
transaxle.
Function
00.2 1.0 0.80.60.4
0
0.2 1.0
0.80.60.4
0
0.2 1.0
0.80.60.40
0.2 1.0 0.80.60.4
E125965
1
2
Description
Item
Hydraulic pressure
1
Average current (A)
2
The valve actuates the torque converter clutch as
well as the reverse gear brake (B3) and 2nd - 5th
gear brake (B2). The PWM control achieves
smooth engagement of the gears. The two brakes
are actuated in 1st and 2nd gear to guarantee
engine braking.
The valve also actuates the torque converter in
such a way that is works in three positions: 'open',
'controlled looping (slip lock-up mode)', and 'locked
(full lock-up mode)'. The hydraulic function of the
valve is linear.
In lockup mode the TCC is closed. The impeller
and the turbine of the torque converter are friction
locked. The engine torque acts directly on the
transmission input shaft. Fuel consumption is
reduced due to a reduction in the torque converter
pump losses.
In slip lock-up mode, slip in the TCC is permitted
in order to improve driving comfort. The hydraulic
pressure acting on the TCM varies in accordance
with the duty signal of the actuation signal
generated by the PWM for the TCC solenoid valve
for the TCC (SLU). The temperature of the
transmission fluid increases in slip mode.
Consequences of signal failure
G1163605en2008.50 Kuga8/2011
307-01- 49
Automatic Transmission/Transaxle
— Vehicles With:
5-Speed Automatic Transaxle - AW55 AWD
307-01- 49
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Overview of the select-shift switch module
E112331
The select-shift switch module is located on the
upper trim of the selector lever unit. The module
is supplied with power by the TCM.
It uses the LIN databus to interact with the TCM,
for instance to activate the selector lever position
display.
It allows the automatic transmission gears to be
changed up and down manually via the signals of
the Hall sensors.
The select-shift switch module detects the selector
lever position 'P' and 'S' via the integrated selector
lever position sensors (Hall sensors).
A cable leading from the TCM passes directly to
the select-shift switch module and is used to control
the solenoid of the selector lever lock. The
switching solenoid receives its voltage supply
directly from the module.
In the event of a fault, a signal is transmitted to the
TCM where all DTCs are stored.
Oil pump
E68097
1
2
3
45
Description
Item
Fluid pump rotor, outer
1
Fluid pump rotor, inner
2
G1163605en2008.50 Kuga8/2011
307-01- 54
Automatic Transmission/Transaxle
— Vehicles With:
5-Speed Automatic Transaxle - AW55 AWD
307-01- 54
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
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Description
Item
Drive
3
Intake side
4
Delivery side
5
The fluid pump operates on the principle of a
G-rotor fluid pump.
The fluid pump draws transmission fluid from the
fluid pan, builds up fluid pressure and then supplies
it to the valve body.
The fluid pump is driven by the crankshaft via the
torque converter housing.
Torque converter with TCC
E66428E66428
1
2
3
5
4
Description
Item
Torque converter housing and impeller
1
Turbine
2
TCC3
Transaxle input shaft
4
Stator with roller-type one-way clutch
5 The torque converter transmits the output torque
hydraulically from the engine to the transaxle input
shaft.
The stator increases the torque up to the clutch
take-up point. At the clutch take-up point, the speed
difference between impeller and turbine is
approximately 90 %.
In order to improve the efficiency, the torque
converter features a hydraulically-activated TCC.
When the TCC is engaged, the torque is
transmitted directly from the crankshaft via the
torque converter housing to the transaxle input
shaft.
Installation position
The TCC is an integral component of the torque
converter.
Function
The TCM controls the PWM via the TCC solenoid
valve for the TCC (SLU). Based on the signals for
engine speed and accelerator pedal position as
well as vehicle speed, driving comfort is improved
by linear actuation of the TCC.
E89081
1
A
B
23
Description
Item
APP (accelerator pedal position)
A
Vehicle speed
B
TCC disengaged
1
Slip lock-up mode
2
Full lock-up mode
3
Full lock-up mode
In lockup mode the TCC is closed. The impeller
and the turbine of the torque converter are friction
locked. The engine torque acts directly on the
transmission input shaft. Fuel consumption is
reduced due to a reduction in the torque converter
pump losses.
G1163605en2008.50 Kuga8/2011
307-01- 55
Automatic Transmission/Transaxle
— Vehicles With:
5-Speed Automatic Transaxle - AW55 AWD
307-01- 55
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Fuel System Pressure Release
Release
1.Refer to: Petrol and Petrol-Ethanol Fuel
Systems Health and Safety Precautions
(100-00 General Information, Description and
Operation).
2. Remove the fuel pump and sender unit fuse.
3. Start the engine and allow it to idle until the
engine stalls.
4. Crank the engine for approximately five seconds
to make sure that the fuel rail pressure is
released.
5. Install the fuel pump and sender unit fuse.
G551380en2008.50 Kuga8/2011
310-00- 10
Fuel System - General Information
310-00- 10
GENERAL PROCEDURES
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Fuel Tank Draining
General EquipmentFluid Container
Fuel Tank Draining Equipment
Hose Clamp Remover/Installer
Activation
CAUTION: If the fuel tank has been filled
with the wrong type of fuel, the engine
must not be started.
NOTE: Removal steps in this procedure may
contain installation details.
6. Refer to: Petrol and Petrol-Ethanol Fuel
Systems Health and Safety Precautions
(100-00 General Information, Description and
Operation).
7. Refer to: Lifting(100-02 Jacking and Lifting,
Description and Operation).
8. WARNINGS:
Fuel may still be present in the fuel tank
after draining.
Be prepared to collect escaping fluids.
CAUTION: Use suitable paper to absorb
any escaping fluid. NOTE:
Make sure that a new component is
installed.
• General Equipment: Hose Clamp Remover/Installer
1. Make sure, that the fuel filler pipe is above the fuel level .
2. Drain the reservoir.
General Equipment: Fuel Tank DrainingEquipment
General Equipment: Fluid Container12
E116177
9. Refer to: Fuel Pump and Sender Unit - 2.5L
Duratec (147kW/200PS) - VI5 (310-01 Fuel
Tank and Lines, Removal and Installation).
10. WARNING: Be prepared to collect escaping fluids.
CAUTION: Use suitable paper to absorb
any escaping fluid.
G1165328en2008.50 Kuga8/2011
310-00- 11
Fuel System - General Information
310-00- 11
GENERAL PROCEDURES
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