jump start terminals JEEP CJ 1953 Service Manual

'Jeep'
UNIVERSAL
SERIES
SERVICE
MANUAL

C

FIG.
C-18—DAUNTLESS
V-6
ENGINE
TIMING
MARKS
C-15.
Primary
Circuit
Tests

Excessive
voltage
drop in the primary circuit
will

reduce the secondary output of the ignition coil,
resulting in hard starting and poor performance. Inspect all primary wiring for
loose
or corroded
terminals, worn insulation, and broken strands,
a.
Connect voltmeter positive (-J-) lead to the
positive battery terminal, as shown in Fig. C-20.
The
negative
lead (—) is connected to the ignition
side of the resistor on Dauntless V-6
engine.
The

negative
lead (—) is connected to the ignition
pri­

mary
of the coil on Hurricane F4
engine.
Con­
nect a jumper wire from the distributor primary

terminal
of the coil to the ground. Be sure all lights and accessories are off. b. With the ignition switch on, the
voltage
should
not
exceed
.4 volts. More than .4
volts
indicates

excessive
resistance
exists
in the battery cable, ignition switch wiring, or the ignition switch. The

excessive
resistance may be located with voltmeter checks across each section of the circuit.
c. Remove the jumper wire from the coil. Connect
the voltmeter positive (-f) lead to the distributor
terminal
of the ignition coil. Ground the
negative
(—) lead of the voltmeter.
12156
FIG.
C-20—IGNITION
PRIMARY
CIRCUIT

RESISTANCE
CHECK

1—
Distributor

2—
Distributor
Primary
Terminal

3—
Coil

4— Ignition Resistor 5— Ignition Switch 6— Ignition Switch Side of Resistor 7— Positive Battery
Terminal

8—
Battery

9—
Jumper
Wire
d.
Note
the
voltage
with the ignition switch on.

If
battery
voltage
is indicated, the distributor

breaker
points
are open. Rock the
engine
to
close

the points. Voltage
less
than .2 volt indicates the

points
are satisfactory. Voltage more than .2 volt indicates burned or high resistance in the ignition

points
or a poor distributor ground.

C-l
6. Distributor
Resistance
Test

A
dwell tester is used for the following
tests.
Ex­
cessive resistance in the ignition primary circuit,
from the distributor side of the coil through the

points
and to the distributor ground,
will
prevent
the coil from producing sufficient output for
good
overall
ignition. Any resistance in this portion of
the ignition system
will
be indicated on the dwell
FIG.
C-21—DISTRIBUTOR
RESISTANCE
CHECK

14242

FIG.
C-19—DISTRIBUTOR
ROTATION
AND
FIRING
ORDER,
V-6
ENGINE

29

'Jeep'
UNIVERSAL
SERIES
SERVICE
MANUAL

H

FIG.
H-l—ENGINE
GROUND
STRAP—F4
ENGINE
Fig.
H-l, is tight at both connections. If
these

connections are
loose
-
or
dirty,
hard
starting or
failure
to start may result.

H-3.
Ignition System

The
ignition system consists of the battery, ignition

switch,
ignition coil ballast resistor (V-6 engine
only),
ignition coil, ignition distributor,
spark
plugs,

and
the low and high tension wiring.
Electrical

energy is obtained from the battery while cranking
and
from the alternator after the engine is running.

These
supply circuits must be considered part of
the ignition system.

The
ignition system furnishes the
spark
-for the

spark
plugs. The
spark
must occur in each cylinder
at exactly the proper time. To accomplish this, the following units are required.

a.
The battery, supplying the electrical energy.
Note: 'Jeep* vehicles equipped with Dauntless

V-6
engines have a ballast resistor connected be­ tween the ignition switch and the positive (+)

terminal
of the coil. The ballast resistor limits to
a
safe maximum the
primary
current flow through
the coil and the distributor contact points.

b.
The ignition coil, transforming the battery low
tension current to high tension current that jumps
the
spark
plug gap in the cylinders under com­
pression.

c.
The distributor, delivering the
spark
to the

proper
cylinders and incorporates the mechanical

breaker,
that
opens
and closes the
primary
circuit at the exact time.

d.
The
spark
plugs, providing the gap in the engine
cylinders.

e. The wiring, connecting the various ignition
units.

f. The ignition switch controling the battery
current
when it is desired to start or
stop
the engine.
g. The firing order for the
Hurricane
F4 engine is
1-3-4-2.
Cylinder
No. 1 is the cylinder closest to the

radiator.

h.
The firing order for the Dauntless V-6 engine
is
1-6-5-4-3-2.
Cylinders
1-3-5 are on the left bank

and
cylinders 2-4-6 are on the right bank. H-4.
PRIMARY
CIRCUIT

Before testing the
primary
circuit,
make certain
that the battery is satisfactory or install a fully

charged
battery for the
primary
circuit
tests. Also,

check
the starter motor for excessive voltage drop

and
check the starter motor itself for excessive
draw.

a.
Measure the voltage at the coil
primary
termi­

nals
while cranking the engine with the starter
motor. If the voltage is less than 9 volts the trouble

will
be found in the
primary
circuit.
If there is no voltage at all, check for a break in the
primary

circuit,
possibly in the coil
primary
winding.

b.
To check the
primary
circuit,
turn
the ignition
on,
turn
the engine until the points are closed, and
then measure the voltage drop across each portion
of the circuit with a voltmeter.
Note: Most voltage drops
will
be found at the con­
nections of wires to terminals as
dirt,
oxidation etc. can cause excessive resistance at
these
points.

Measure
voltage drops in wires to take this into
account.

c.
Connect the voltmeter from the battery cable

terminal
on the starter solenoid to the battery

terminal
of the coil
primary.
If the voltmeter reads more than 0.2 volt, perform the checks given in
steps, d, e, and f following.

d.
Connect the voltmeter from the solenoid termi­

nal
to the battery terminal of the ignition switch.
If
the voltmeter reads more than .05 volt, check

and
clean the connections at solenoid, light switch,
and
ignition switch.
e. If the voltmeter reading in
step
d is less than .05 volt, connect the voltmeter from the battery

terminal
to the ignition terminal on the ignition
switch.
If the voltage drop is more than 0.1 volt,

repair
or replace the ignition switch.
f. If the voltage drop in
step
e is not more than 0.1 volt, connect the voltmeter from the ignition

terminal
of the ignition switch to the battery termi­

nal
of the coil
primary.
If the voltmeter reads more

than
.05 volt, clean and tighten the connections

and
check again. If the voltmeter again reads more

than
.05 volt, replace the wire.
g. Connect the voltmeter from the distributor
primary
terminal on the coil to the coil terminal on
the distributor. Voltage drop should not exceed .05 volt.
Clean
and tighten connections if necessary.

h.
Connect the voltmeter from the coil terminal
on the distributor to a clean,
paint-
free spot on the

distributor
body. The reading should not exceed .05
volt. If more, it indicates excessive resistance
through the points or in the distributor internal connections.
Clean
and align the points and make

sure
the breaker arm connection to the
primary

terminal
as well as the stationary contact point mounting in the body is clean and tight.

i.
Open the points and check the voltmeter. It
should read close to peak voltage. Low voltage in­ dicates that a circuit through the distributor (a

short)
exists while the points are open.

j.
Disconnect the condenser lead and open the points. A jump to
full
voltage indicates a short in 173

H

ELECTRICAL
SYSTEM
the condenser. Replace the condenser. If there is
no jump to full voltage, overhaul or replace the

distributor.

k.
With the points closed, connect the voltmeter

from
a clean, paint-free
post
on the distributor
body to the negative
post
of the battery. The volt­
age drop should be practically zero, a hardly
readable deflection on the voltmeter. If the volt­ meter registers a
voltage
drop, perform the checks

in
steps
1
and m following.

I.
Check
for
voltage
drop in the battery ground
cable.
Clean
the battery
post,
cable terminals, and contact surface on the bellhousing, or on body if

a
noticeable deflection of the voltmeter occurs,
m.
Check
for any
voltage
drop
between
the dis­

tributor
body and a clean, paint-free
spot
on the

cylinder
block. If there is any
voltage
drop, remove
the distributor and clean the mounting surfaces of
distributor
body and cylinder block.

H-5.
SECONDARY
CIRCUIT
If
satisfactory ignition is not obtainable with cor­

rect
point gap and tension; satisfactory condenser;
sufficient primary voltage; and correctly cleaned, gapped, and installed spark plugs; the secondary

circiut
should be investigated.

a.
Test the coil.
Bring
the coil up to operating
temperature using the coil heat feature of a coil tester, if available. Refer to the coil tester manu­

facturer's
instructions for specific hook-ups for
performing the checks given in
steps
b, c, and d following.
b. Connect the positive lead of the tester to the
battery terminal of the coil primary winding.
Con­
nect the tester ground lead to the coil tower. Mea­

sure
the resistance of the secondary winding. If the
resistance is more than
20,000
ohms, a fault in the
secondary winding is indicated.
c.
Check
for a grounded secondary by touching the tester ground lead to the coil cover. If resistance
is not over
100,000
ohms, the secondary is grounded
to the cover.

d.
If the secondary winding is satisfactory, mea­
sure
the primary current draw in accordance with
the instructions of the
test
equipment manu­
facturer.

e.
Check
the secondary circuit for leakage. With the coil primary in the circuit with the breaker unit of the tester, connect a long, high-tension
test
lead
to the coil tower.
Check
the secondary circuit for
leakage by performing the checks given in
steps
f. g, h, and i following.

Note:
In the following
tests,
a slight sparking and
meter deflection
will
usually be
seen
just as contact
is made.
This
is caused by capacitance and
does
not
indicate defective insulation.
f.
Check
distributor cap. Remove the coil lead from the cap and touch the
test
lead to the center contact
inside the cap. If the meter reading drops when the contact is touched or if sparking is seen, a leakage
path is present
between
the center contact and one
of the plug towers.
This
leakage path
will
be in the

form
of a
crack
or carbon track in the cap. Discon­ nect the spark plug wires from the cap one at a
time and
test
each plug contact with the high-
voltage
lead and with all other plug wires con­
nected. Any sparking or meter drop indicates that

a
leakage path exists
between
that particular con­
tact and an adjacent one. Testing the adjacent contacts
will
determine which pair is at fault,
g-
Check
distributor rotor. Touch the
test
lead to
the spring contact in the center of the distributor
rotor.
Any leakage in the rotor insulation
between

the contact and the shaft
will
cause a drop in the meter reading and usually sparking
will
be seen.

h.
Check
spark plug wires. Disconnect the spark
plug wires from the plugs and
test
the plug terminal of each. The meter reading should not drop below
the open secondary value (value before making contact). If it
does
or if a large spark occurs when
the
test
lead and the plug wire are separated, there
is a break in the insulation on that wire.

i.
Check
the coil tower insulation. Remove the
high-tension
test
lead from the coil tower and touch
the ground lead of the coil tester to several points

around
the base of the tower. Any sparking or deflection of the meter indicates a leakage path in
the tower insulation.

H-6.
Alternator Charging System

All
Jeep
Universal
Series vehicles have, as standard
equipment a 35-amp., 12-volt, negative ground
alternator and a transistorized
voltage
regulator.
For
repairing the alternator, many of its major components are furnished as complete assemblies

including:
complete brush assembly which requires no soldering or unsoldering of leads; two complete
rectifying
diode
assemblies which eliminate the need for removing and replacing individual diodes;

a
complete isolation
diode
assembly; and a rotor assembly complete with shaft,
pole
pieces, field coil,

and
slip rings.

The
transistorized
voltage
regulator is an electronic
switching device. It
senses
the
voltage
appearing at the auxiliary terminal of the alternator and
supplies the necessary field current for maintaining the system
voltage
at the output
terminal.
The out­
put current is determined by the battery electrical

load;
such as headlights, heater, etc.
The
transistorized
voltage
regulator is a sealed unit,
has no adjustments, and must be replaced as a
complete unit.

H-7.
Starting System

The
operation of the starter motor is controlled by
the ignition switch. The starter is made up of a
frame,
field coil, armature, and brushes.

The
starter solenoid electrically
closes
the circuit

between
the battery and the starter motor. When the ignition key is turned to its extreme right, the
solenoid is energized and
closes
the battery-to- starter-motor circuit.

Note:
All Jeep Universal Series vehicles have the

starter
solenoid switch secured to the starter motor
assembly. The Hurricane F4 and Dauntless V-6

engine
Prestolite starter drive is of the inertia type
(rexr
continued on
page
176) 174

'Jeep'
UNIVERSAL
SERIES SERVICE
MANUAL

H
H-111.
Brushes

Check
brush length. If brushes are worn to one-

half
their original length, replace them. Also check
for
cracks,
chips, damaged mounting holes, oil

saturation,
or other damage; replace brushes.

H-112.
Commutator

Check
the commutator for wear and discoloration.
If
the commutator is rough or worn the armature
should be removed and the commutator turned
down in a lathe. A discolored commutator should
be cleaned with carbon tetrachloride and inspected.

Scratches
on the commutator may be removed

with
sand paper. Use compressed air to remove

sand
particles after cleaning.

H-113.
Armature

Visually
inspect the armature for mechanical

defects
before checking for shorted or grounded
coils. Use a set of
test
probes for testing armature

circuits.
To
test
the armature for grounds, touch
one point of the
test
probes to a commutator
seg­
ment and touch the other point to the core or shaft.
Do not touch the points to the bearing surface or
to the brush surface as the arc formed
will
burn
the smooth finish. If the lamp lights, the coil con­
nected to the commutator
segment
is grounded.

H-114.
Field
Coils

Using
test
probes, check the field coils for both ground and open circuits. To
test
for ground, place
one probe on the motor frame or
pole
piece and
touch the other probe to the field coil terminals.
If
a ground is present, the lamp
will
light.

To
test
for open circuits, place the probes on the
field coil terminal and on an insulated
brush.
If
the light
does
not light, the coil is open circuited.

H-115.
Brush
Holder Inspection

Inspect
brush
holders for distortion, wear, and other
damage.
Check
that brush holders pivot freely on

their
pivot pins.
Check
brush spring tension with

a
spring scale. Hook the spring scale under the
brush
holder at the brush and
pull
on a line
paral­

lel
to the side of the
brush.
Note
scale reading just
as brush leaves commutator. Tension must be 35 oz. [9,925 kg.] minimum. Replace brush springs
if
tension is insufficient.

H-116.
Solenoid
Coils

Check
solenoid coil as follows:

a.
Remove screw from motor terminal of solenoid

and
bend field coil leads away from terminal.
Con­
nect terminal to ground with a heavy jumper wire.
See
Fig.
H-48.

b.
Connect a 12-volt battery, a high-current
vari­

able resistance, and an ammeter of 100 amperes

capacity
in series
between
S terminal of solenoid

and
ground; battery negative is to be connected
to ground. Connect a heavy jumper wire from
solenoid base to ground terminal of battery.
Con­

nect a voltmeter
between
base of solenoid and

small
S terminal of solenoid. Refer to Fig. H-48.
12455

FIG.
H-48—TEST CONNECTIONS,
STARTER
SOLENOID
COIL
1— S
Terminal

2—
Solenoid

3—
Ground
Connection 4—Voltmeter 5—Ammeter
6—
12-Volt
Battery
7—
Ground
Connection*
c.
Slowly decrease resistance until voltmeter
read­

ing increases to 10 volts.
Note
ammeter reading.

This
is current drawn by both windings in
parallel
;

it
should be 42 to 49 amperes at 10 volts, with solenoid at room temperature.

d.
Disconnect jumper wire from motor terminal
of solenoid. Increase resistance until voltmeter

reads
10 volts;
note
ammeter reading.
This
is
cur­

rent
drawn by hold-in winding only; it should be 10.5 to 12.5 amperes at 10 volts, with solenoid at
room temperature.
e. If solenoid windings do not rest within specifi­ cations given, replace solenoid switch assembly.

H-117.
Starting Motor Reassembly

a.
Lubricate
shift lever linkage and fasten in drive housing with lever stud.

Caution:
Do not lubricate solenoid plunger or solenoid cylinder.

b.
Install
return spring on solenoid plunger and

insert
plunger into solenoid cylinder. Apply sealing
compound on both sides of solenoid flange where it

extends
between
drive housing and field frame.

Attach
plunger to shift lever with fulcrum pin.

Fasten
solenoid to drive housing with two mount­
ing screws.

c.
Lubricate
armature shaft with silicone grease.
Install
assist spring and drive assembly on shaft

with
pinion outward.

d.
Install
pinion
stop
retainer on armature shaft

with
recessed side outward. Place a new snap ring on drive end of shaft and hold it in place with a
hard
wood block. Strike block with hammer to
force snap ring over end of shaft; slide the ring
down into
groove
in shaft. See Fig. H-49, left hand view. 209

'Jeep'
UNIVERSAL
SERIES SERVICE
MANUAL

H
Note:
Pinion clearance cannot be adjusted. If
clearance is not correct, motor must be disassem­
bled and checked for the above mentioned defects.

Any
defective parts must be replaced.
H-118. Starting Motor Test —
Genera!

To
obtain
full
performance data on a starting motor, or to determine the cause of abnormal
operation, the motor should be submitted to no-
load and locked armature
tests,
with equipment designed for such
tests.
A high-current variable resistance is required to obtain the specified volt­
age at the starting motor.
This
is necessary since
a
small variation in the
voltage
will
produce a
marked
difference in the current
drawn.

H-119.
Starting Motor No-Load Test

This
test
requires a DC voltmeter capable of
read­

ing
voltages
in a 12-volt
circuit,
a DC ammeter

with
maximum range of several hundred amperes,
a
high-current variable resistance, an rpm. in­

dicator,
and a fully-charged, 12-volt battery.

a.
Connect a jumper lead
between
S terminal
and
large battery terminal of starter solenoid.
Con­
nect voltmeter
between
either of
these
terminals (positive) and motor frame (negative, ground).

Connect
ammeter and variable resistance in series

between
positive terminal of battery and battery

terminal
of solenoid. Set up rpm. indicator to show starting motor speed.
b.
Initially,
adjust variable resistance to a value of
approximately .25 ohm. To complete the
circuit,

connect negative terminal of battery to motor

frame.
Adjust variable resistance to obtain a volt­ meter reading of 10.6 volts;
note
speed of starting motor and ammeter reading. Motor speed should
be
6750
to
10,500
rpm.; ammeter reading should
be 50 to 80 amperes.
c. Rated speed and current indicate normal condi­
tion of the starting motor. Low speed and high
cur­
rent
may show friction; this could be caused by
tight, dirty, or worn bearings, bent armature shaft,

or
a
loose
field
pole
shoe
dragging against the

armature.
It could also be caused by a short-cir­ cuited armature, or by grounded armature or field
coils.

d.
Failure
to operate and high current indicates

a
direct short circuit to ground at either the battery

terminal
or field coils.
e.
Failure
to operate and no current are usually
caused by broken brush springs, worn brushes, high insulation
between
commutator
bars,
or
some
other
condition preventing
good
contact
between
the brushes and commutator. It can also be caused by
open circuit in either the field coils or armature coils.
f. Low speed and low current show high resistance due to poor connections, defective leads, dirty com­
mutator, or one of the conditions mentioned in e,
above.
g. High speed and high current indicates a short
circuit
in the field coils. H-120-
Locked
Armature Test

This
test
requires a DC voltmeter with range ap­

propriate
to read
voltages
in a 12-volt
circuit,
a DC
ammeter with maximum range of several hundred
amperes, a high-current variable resistance, a
clamping fixture to lock
together
the motor shaft

and
case, and a fully-charged 12-volt battery.

a.
Connect a jumper lead
between
S terminal and
large battery terminal of starter solenoid. Connect
voltmeter
between
either of
these
terminals (posi­
tive) and motor frame (negative, ground). Connect
ammeter and variable resistance in series
between
positive terminal of battery and battery terminal
of solenoid.
Install
clamping fixture to lock motor
shaft and case
together
securely.
b.
Initially,
adjust variable resistance to approxi­
mately .05 ohm. To complete the
circuit,
connect
negative terminal of battery to motor frame. Ad­

just
variable resistance to obtain a voltmeter
read­
ing of 4.0 volts. Ammeter reading should be 280
to 320 amperes.

H-121.
Solenoid Starter Switch — Delco

The
solenoid-type switch is mounted directly on
the starting motor.
This
type of switch is energized
by turning the ignition key to the extreme right position. Should the solenoid switch
fail
in service

it
is necessary to install a new assembly.

Should
a starting motor
fail
to deliver maximum power the fault may be due to
voltage
drop at the

starter
switch contacts due to corrosion or burning.

Check
the switch by comparing the
voltage
at the
battery across the terminals. The
voltage
drop
should not exceed .05 volts per 100 amperes.
In
order to remove the starter solenoid, it is neces­

sary
to remove the starter assembly.

H-122.
ELECTRICAL
INSTRUMENTS

H-123.
Fuel
Gauge —
CJ-3B

The
fuel
gauge
circuit is composed of the indicating

unit,
mounted on the instrument panel, and the
fuel tank unit, connected by a single wire through the ignition switch.

Should
the
gauge
fail
to register, check all wire con­ nections to be sure they are tight and clean; also
be sure both units are well grounded. If, after this
check, the
gauge
does
not indicate properly, remove
the wire from the tank unit and connect it to a
new tank unit which must be grounded to the tank

or
frame for
test.
Turn
the ignition switch "ON"
and
move
the float arm through its range of travel,
watching the dash unit to determine if it indicates
correctly.
If it fails to do so the trouble is probably

in
the dash unit and it should be replaced.

Should
a new tank unit be unavailable for this
test,
disconnect tank unit wire at the instrument panel

gauge.
Connect one lead of a 12 V, 1 CP
test
light
to the instrument panel unit terminal and with the
ignition switch
"ON"
ground the other lead. If the
unit is operating correctly the pointer
will
move

approximately three-quarter across the
dial.
Do not attempt to repair either unit; replacement
is the only precedure. 211