air condition LAND ROVER DISCOVERY 1995 Manual PDF

57STEERING
12
FAULT DIAGNOSIS Steering column alignment
1.Place vehicle on level ground. Measure the
angle of lower steering shaft using a Pernumeter
placed on the shaft between the universal joints.
The angle should measure a minimum of 12Ê.
2.If necessary, realign the shaft. Release the five
fixings securing the steering column. Position
column as required. Tighten the fixings evenly,
27 Nm.
3.Loosen the three screws securing lower steering
column shroud to upper shroud ensure lower
shroud is clipped to upper shroud. Reposition
shroud, tighten screws.
4.Recheck steering column angle.
Steering box adjustment
1.Check steering box adjustment.
See
Adjustment, Power Steering Box
Steering damper check
1.Check condition of steering damper
See
Steering Damper
VISUAL CHECK AND BASIC ADJUSTMENTS
NOTE: It is important that the following
instructions are carried out in the
sequence shown and the results recorded.
1.Road springs - check that road springs are
correctly seated and are to correct specification
for vehicle. For spring specification.
See
GENERAL SPECIFICATION DATA,
Information, Road Springs Data
2.Ride height - measure trim height from wheel
centre to wheelarch eyebrow. Record results on
data sheet.
3.Check/top up power steering fluid
See Repair,
Power Steering Fluid Reservoir
4.Check tension and condition of drive belt.See
ENGINE, Repair, Drive Belt
5.Track rod/drag link - check condition of track rod,
drag link and ball joints.
See Repair, Drag Link
and Drag Link Ends
If either component is damaged, check operation
of steering damper and steering box for
smoothness. Replace all damaged or worn
components that impair the operation of the
steering system.
6.Suspension bushes - examine all steering and
suspension bushes for signs of wear and
deterioration. Also check all fixings for torque
relaxation. Tighten to correct torque value.
See
FRONT SUSPENSION, Specifications, torque,
Torque Values
7.Oil leaks - check front and rear axle hubs for
leak and repair as necessary.
8.Brake system - check brake system for leaks,
pipe condition, pad wear/contamination, disc
wear/condition and ABS sensors for correct
fitting.
9.Hub end float - check movement in the hubs by
rocking the wheels.
10.Check front wheel alignment. Vehicles displaying
a tendency to veer more than considered
allowable, it is permissible to set the front track
to parallel.
11.Having completed all the above checks and
adjustments, road test vehicle.
See Road Test
Procedure
Attempting to reproduce the symptoms
established earlier. If symptoms still exist refer to
relevant Diagnostic Chart.

57STEERING
2
REPAIR POWER STEERING BOX
Service repair no - 57.10.01
General precautions
1.Whenever any part of system, is removed or
disconnected, utmost cleanliness must be
observed.
2.Disconnected ports and hoses must be plugged
to prevent ingress of dirt. If metal sediment is
found in system, establish cause rectify and
flush system.
3.Do not start engine until reservoir is full as pump
will be damaged.
4.Metric pipe fittings are used with 'O' ring pipe
ends on fittings to steering box.
5.Follow normal 'O' ring replacement procedure
whenever pipes are disconnected.
6.Ensure compatible metric components when
fitting replacement pipes.
CAUTION: Before removing any parts of
steering linkage, it is imperative that road
wheels are positioned straight ahead.
Then steering wheel removed to prevent rotary
coupler being wound up or damaged.
CAUTION: After refitting steering linkage
parts follow correct procedure to ensure
that road wheels, steering box and
steering wheel are correctly positioned relative to
each other when in straight ahead condition. If
steering wheel requires repositioning, ensure that
drive pegs on rotary coupler are correctly
positioned before steering wheel is replaced.
This ensures drive pegs locate in their holes in
rear of steering wheel.
After final alignment connect rotary coupler
multiplug, tighten steering wheel securing nut and
fit air bag - if fitted or steering wheel trim pad.
NOTE: When drag link is disconnected
from steering box, travel available at
steering wheel to each full lock is not
equal.
Remove
1.Site vehicle on level surface.
2.Open bonnet[hood].
3.Remove filler cap from power steering fluid
reservoir.
4.Clean steering box.
5.Disconnect feed and return pipes from steering
box.
6.Plug open pipes and steering box ports to
prevent ingress of dirt.
7.Support chassis front on axle stands. Or raise
vehicle on a hoist.
WARNING: Ensure wheels are chocked,
parking brake is applied, and low range
selected.

STEERING
9
REPAIR LOWER STEERING SHAFT AND UNIVERSAL
JOINTS
Service repair no - 57.40.25
CAUTION: Before removing any parts of
steering linkage, it is imperative that road
wheels are positioned straight ahead.
Then steering wheel removed to prevent rotary
coupler being wound up or damaged.
CAUTION: After refitting steering linkage
parts follow correct procedure to ensure
that road wheels, steering box and
steering wheel are correctly positioned relative to
each other when in straight ahead condition. If
steering wheel requires repositioning, ensure that
drive pegs on rotary coupler are correctly
positioned before steering wheel is replaced.
This ensures drive pegs locate in their holes in
rear of steering wheel.
After final alignment connect rotary coupler,
tighten steering wheel securing nut and fit air bag
module - if fitted or steering wheel trim pad.
Remove
1.Ensure road wheels are straight ahead.
2.Remove pinch bolt securing top universal joint to
steering column.
3.Remove 2 pinch bolts securing lower universal
joint.
4.Move lower shaft up to release lower universal
joint from steering box splines. Remove lower
shaft.
5.Remove universal joint from lower shaft.
NOTE: Do not dismantle upper coupling
joint. Steering shaft, rubber coupling and
top universal joint is only available as an
assembly.
6.Inspect lower universal joint for wear and
excessive play, renew if necessary.
7.Inspect top universal joint and rubber coupling,
renew lower shaft as an assembly if necessary.
8.Inspect universal joints for stiffness, lubricate if
necessary.
NOTE: Prior to fitting a replacement
steering shaft check the following:9.Release stud fasteners securing heat shield (if
fitted).
10.Check that indicator clip coloured red is fully
inserted under head of compression joint bolt.
WARNING: If clip is displaced, no attempt
must be made to drive clip into
engagement, a new shaft assembly must
be fitted.
11.Secure heat shield stud fasteners (if fitted).
Refit
NOTE: Fit universal joints so pinch bolt
holes line up with flat on shaft.
12.Position lower universal joint on shaft.
13.Position shaft assembly onto steering column.
Move assembly up spline to enable lower
universal joint to fit onto steering box splines.
14.Align bolt holes with grooves in splines. Fit pinch
bolts. Tighten to
25 Nm.

57STEERING
10
REPAIR STEERING COLUMN SHROUD
Service repair no - 57.40.29
Remove
1.Disconnect battery negative lead.
2.Remove 3 screws securing shroud.
3.Carefully release upper shroud from lower.
4.Manoeuvre lower shroud clear of steering
column.
Refit
5.Position upper and lower shrouds to steering
column ensuring plastic tags on lower shroud
are correctly located. Clip both halves of shroud
together.
6.Fit and tighten 3 screws.STEERING WHEEL
Service repair no - 57.60.01
CAUTION: Prior to commencing work on
vehicles fitted with an air bag,
See
SUPPLEMENTARY RESTRAINT SYSTEM,
Description and operation,
CAUTION: Before removing any parts of
steering linkage, it is imperative that road
wheels are positioned straight ahead.
Then remove steering wheel to prevent rotary
coupler being wound up or damaged.
CAUTION: After refitting steering linkage
parts follow correct procedure to ensure
that road wheels, steering box and
steering wheel are correctly positioned relative to
each other when in straight ahead condition. If
steering wheel requires repositioning, ensure that
drive pegs on rotary coupler are correctly
positioned before steering wheel is replaced.
This ensures drive pegs locate in their holes in
rear of steering wheel.
After final alignment connect rotary coupler
multiplug, tighten steering wheel securing nut and
fit air bag - if fitted or steering wheel trim pad.

57STEERING
12
REPAIR UPPER STEERING COLUMN
Service repair no - 57.40.01
NOTE: Steering column assembly is not a
serviceable component.
CAUTION: Before removing any parts of
steering linkage, it is imperative that road
wheels are positioned straight ahead. then
steering wheel removed to prevent rotary coupler
being wound up or damaged.
CAUTION: After refitting steering linkage
parts follow correct procedure to ensure
that road wheels, steering box and
steering wheel are correctly positioned relative to
each other when in straight ahead condition. if
steering wheel requires repositioning, ensure that
drive pegs on rotary coupler are correctly
positioned before steering wheel is replaced.
This ensures drive pegs locate in their holes in
rear of steering wheel.
After final alignment, connect rotary coupler
multiplug, tighten steering wheel securing nut and
fit airbag - if fitted or steering wheel trim pad and
horn push assembly.
Remove
1.Remove steering wheel.
See Steering Wheel
CAUTION: Prevent rotation of rotary
coupler once steering wheel is removed.
Secure in position with adhesive tape.
2.Remove driver's access panel.
3.Remove steering column shroud.
See Steering
Column Shroud
4.Remove rotary coupler.See
SUPPLEMENTARY RESTRAINT SYSTEM,
Repair, Rotary Coupler
5.If fitted - remove 4 screws securing knee bolster,
remove knee bolster.
6.Disconnect column switch multiplug.
7.Disconnect ignition switch multiplug from fuse
box.

STEERING
15
REPAIR STEERING COLUMN LOCK ASSEMBLY
Service repair no - 57.40.31
Remove
CAUTION: Before removing any parts of
steering linkage, it is imperative that road
wheels are positioned straight ahead.
Then steering wheel removed to prevent rotary
coupler being wound up or damaged.
CAUTION: After refitting steering linkage
parts follow correct procedure to ensure
that road wheels, steering box and
steering wheel are correctly positioned relative to
each other when in straight ahead condition. If
steering wheel requires repositioning, ensure that
drive pegs on rotary coupler are correctly
positioned before steering wheel is replaced.
This ensures drive pegs locate in their holes in
rear of steering wheel.
After final alignment connect rotary coupler
multiplug, tighten steering wheel securing nut and
fit airbag module - if fitted.
1.Disconnect battery negative lead.
2.Remove steering column shroud.
See Steering
Column Shroud
3.Release turnbuckles, lower driver's access
panel.
4.If fitted, remove 4 screws securing knee pad,
remove bolster.
5.Disconnect ignition switch multiplug from fuse
box.
6.Disconnect ignition switch main feed multiplug.

57STEERING
4
OVERHAUL Sector shaft cover assembly
31.Inspect cover and bearing. If worn or damaged,
replacement parts are not available, fit a new
steering box.
Sector shaft adjuster locknut
32.The locknut is also a fluid seal. Fit new nut at
overhaul.
Valve and worm assembly
33.Examine bearing areas for wear. The areas must
be smooth and not indented.
34.Examine worm track which must be smooth and
not indented.
35.Check for wear on torsion bar assembly pin. No
free movement should exist between input shaft
and torsion bar or between torsion bar and
worm.
NOTE: Any sign of wear makes it essential
to fit new valve and worm assembly.
36.Examine valve rings for cuts, scratches and
grooves. The valve rings should be free to rotate
in grooves.
37.If required, replace all three rings, using ring
expander LRT-57-019. The expander will not
pass over rings already fitted. Remove rings to
allow access without damaging seal grooves.
38.Warm rings and expander tool to aid assembly.
Fit rings to expander, slide expander over valve
and worm assembly. In turn fit rings to their
grooves. Remove expander, slide valve and
worm assembly into ring compressor
LRT-57-020 and allow to cool.
Ball bearing and cage assemblies
39.Examine ball races and cups for wear and
general condition.
40.If ball cage has worn against bearing cup, fit
replacements.
41.Bearing balls must be retained by cage.
42.Bearing and cage repair is carried out by
complete replacement of assembly.

BRAKES
3
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Description of components
1. ABS Modulator unit
To provide the ABS function a Modulator is positioned
within the system between the master cylinder and the
calipers. On both LHD and RHD vehicles it is sited on
the left inner wing [fender]. The Modulator has 8
solenoid valves, 2 for each wheel, 2 expanders and a
recirculation pump. It is non serviceable.
2. Servo/master cylinder
Actuation of the system is provided by a combined
master cylinder and servo assembly attached to the
pedal box, this provides pressure to opposed piston
calipers at each brake pad Twin piston at the front
axle, single piston at the rear.
3. Pressure reducing valve
To maintain the braking balance, pressure to the rear
axle is regulated by a Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV)
This PRV is of the failure bypass type, allowing full
system pressure to the rear axle in the event of a front
circuit failure. It is sited on the left inner wing [fender].
4. Electronic control unit - ECU
ABS control is provided by an electronic control unit
which is positioned on the passenger side of the
vehicle behind the dash panel/glove box.
The ECU, which is non-serviceable, is connected to
the ABS harness by a 35 way connector. non
serviceable.
The ECU continually monitors the brake system,
providing diagnostics in the event of a system
malfunction. Details of how to access the ECU
diagnostics are provided in the Electrical
Troubleshooting Manual.
5.& 6. Front and rear sensors/exciter rings - 4 off
A sensor is sited at each wheel, sensing a 60 tooth
exciter ring. When vehicle is in motion inductive
sensors send signals to ECU. Front exciter ring is
fitted to outside diameter of constant velocity joint
inside each front hub assembly. The rear exciter ring
is bolted to the rear of each brake disc bell.7. Diagnostic plug connection
A diagnostic plug is located behind the dash. To the
left of the steering column on LHD vehicles. To the
right of the steering column on RHD vehicles. It is a 5
way blue connector.
The location and identification of ABS electrical relays
are given in the Electrical Troubleshooting Manual.
For location and identification of ABS electrical fuses.
See ELECTRICAL, Repair, Fuse Box - Interioror.
See ELECTRICAL, Repair, Fuse Box - Engine
Compartment
ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM - ABS
Manufactured by WABCO
Introduction
The purpose of ABS is to prevent vehicle wheels
locking during brake application, thus maintaining
vehicle steerability and stability. This allows vehicle to
be steered whilst brakes are applied, even under
emergency conditions, and to avoid obstacles where
there is sufficient space to redirect the vehicle.
WARNING: ABS is an aid to retaining
steering control and stability while
braking.
·ABS cannot defy the natural laws of physics
acting on the vehicle.
·ABS will not prevent accidents resulting from
excessive cornering speeds, following
another vehicle too closely or aquaplaning,
i.e. where a layer of water prevents adequate
contact between tyre and road surface.
·The additional control provided by ABS must
never be exploited in a dangerous or
reckless manner which could jeopardise the
safety of driver or other road users.
·The fitting of ABS does not imply that the
vehicle will always stop in a shorter stopping
distance.

70BRAKES
4
REPAIR MASTER CYLINDER NON ABS
Service repair no - 70.30.08 - Remove
Service repair no - 70.30.09 - Repair
- Lucas Girling - Type 25.4mm AS/AS
WARNING: This master cylinder is not
suitable to be fitted on vehicles with
antilock brake systems.
Before starting repair refer to general brake service
practice.
See General Brake Service Practice
Remove
1.Disconnect battery negative lead.
2.Place a suitable container under master cylinder
to catch brake fluid from cylinder when brake
pipes are disconnected.
3.Thoroughly clean immediate area around all
outlet ports. Remove each brake pipe, sealing
each pipe and outlet port with suitable plugs to
prevent ingress of foreign matter.
4.Disconnect electrical plug from low fluid switch
on reservoir cap.
5.Remove two nuts securing master cylinder to
servo unit remove also spring and plain washers.
6.Detach master cylinder from servo, remove
reservoir cap and drain brake fluid into a suitable
container.Repair
7.Thoroughly clean master cylinder and inspect
outer surfaces for damage and condition, renew
complete assembly if necessary.
8.Using two soft jaws, clamp master cylinder
flange in a suitable vice. Remove water ingress
'O' ring seal from master cylinder to servo flange
and discard.
9.Grip outside of transfer housing with a suitable
pair of pliers, carefully pull, working pliers in a
backwards and forwards rocking motion to ease
housing off master cylinder. Discard housing and
vacuum seal.

70BRAKES
6
REPAIR
NOTE: The primary plunger assembly
cannot be broken down any further and is
serviced as a complete unit. Discard
assembly.
15.The secondary plunger assembly will remain at
bottom of master cylinder bore. Remove tapping
assembly on a piece of wood until plunger
appears at cylinder mouth, carefully pull plunger
out of master cylinder.
16.If swirl tube was not expelled at same time as
secondary plunger, repeat above operation to
remove it from bottom of master cylinder bore
and discard.
17.Clean all parts with unused brake fluid. Place
cleaned parts onto a clean sheet of paper.
Inspect cylinder bore and plungers for signs of
corrosion, ridges and score marks. Provided
working surfaces are in perfect condition, new
seals from a Girling Service repair kit may be
used.
Renewing secondary plunger seals
18.Remove following components from secondary
plunger and discard:
NOTE: A small screwdriver with end
rounded off and polished is required to
remove 'L' seal. DO NOT damage
secondary plunger.
(A) Springs
(B) Seal retainer
(C) Recuperating seal (primary cup)
(D) Washer
(E) 'L' seal