steering LINCOLN AVIATOR 2023 Workshop Manual

Note:The Alert and Aid diagrams illustrate
general zone coverage. They do not provide
exact zone parameters.
Intensity: This setting affects the intensity of
the steering wheel vibration used for the
Alert and Alert and Aid modes. This setting
does not affect the Aid mode.
• Low.
• Normal.
• High.System Display
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When you switch the system on, a graphic
of lane markings appears in the information
display.
When you switch the system off, the lane
marking graphics do not display.
While the system is on, the color of the lane
markings change to indicate the system
status. These colors represent the following:Gray: Indicates that the system is temporarily
unable to provide a warning or intervention
on the indicated side. This may be because:
• Your vehicle is under the activation
speed.
• The direction indicator is active.
• Your vehicle is in a dynamic maneuver.
• The road has no or poor lane markings
in the camera field-of-view.
• The camera is obscured or unable to
detect the lane markings due to
environmental, traffic or vehicle
conditions. For example, significant sun
angles, shadows, snow, heavy rain or fog,
following a large vehicle that is blocking
or shadowing the lane or poor headlamp
illumination.
See Troubleshooting for additional
information.
Green: Indicates that the system is available
or ready to provide a warning or intervention
on the indicated side.
Animated graphic: Indicates that the system
is providing or has just provided a lane
keeping aid intervention.
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Driving Aids

Red: Indicates that the system is providing
or has just provided a lane keeping alert
warning.The system can be temporarily suppressed
at any time by the following:
• Quick braking.
• Fast acceleration.• Using the direction indicator.
• Evasive steering maneuver.
• Driving too close to the lane markings.
Troubleshooting
Why is the feature not available (line markings are gray) when I can see the lane markings on the road?
Your vehicle speed is outside the operational range of the feature.
The sun is shining directly into the camera lens.
A quick intentional lane change has occurred.
Your vehicle stays too close to the lane markings.
Driving at high speeds in curves.
The last Alert warning or Aid intervention occurred a short time ago.
Ambiguous lane markings, for example in construction zones.
Rapid transition from light to dark, or from dark to light.
Sudden offset in lane markings.
ABS or AdvanceTrac™ is active.
There is a camera blockage due to dirt, grime, fog, frost or water on the windshield.
324
Driving Aids

Note:If your vehicle has a navigation
system, stored speed sign data could
influence the indicated speed limit value.To switch the system off or to adjust the
settings, use the touchscreen:
1. Press Settings on the touchscreen.
2. Press Driver Assistance.3. Press Speed Sign Recognition.
4. Press Speed Warning.
5. Press Tolerance.
6. Use + and - to set the tolerance.
Information Messages
Action Message
The traffic sign data provided by the navigation system is unavailable
due to a weak signal, or no signal. Wait for a short period of time for
the signal to improve. If the message continues to appear, have your
vehicle checked as soon as possible. Traffic Sign Reduced Performance See Manual
STEERING
Electric Power Steering
WARNING: The electric power
steering system has diagnostic checks that
continuously monitor the system. If a fault
is detected, a message displays in the
information display. Stop your vehicle as
soon as it is safe to do so. Switch the
ignition off. After at least 10 seconds,
switch the ignition on and watch the
information display for a steering system
warning message. If a steering system
warning message returns, have the system
checked as soon as possible.WARNING: If the system detects an
error, you may not feel a difference in the
steering, however a serious condition may
exist. Have your vehicle checked as soon
as possible. Failure to do so may result in
loss of steering control.
Your vehicle has an electric power steering
system. There is no fluid reservoir and
therefore requires no maintenance.
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Driving Aids

If your vehicle loses electrical power when
you are driving, electric power steering
assistance is lost. The steering system still
operates and you can manually steer your
vehicle. Manually steering your vehicle
requires more effort.
Extreme continuous steering could increase
the effort you need to steer your vehicle. This
increased effort prevents overheating and
permanent damage to the steering system.
You do not lose the ability to manually steer
your vehicle. Typical steering and driving
maneuvers allow the system to cool and
operate as normal.
Steering Tips
If the steering wanders or pulls, check for:
• Correct tire pressures.
• Uneven tire wear.
• Loose or worn suspension components.
• Loose or worn steering components.
• Improper vehicle alignment.
Note:A high crown in the road or high
crosswinds could also make the steering
seem to wander or pull.Adaptive Learning
The electronic power steering system
adaptive learning improves overall handling
and steering on roads with irregularities. It
communicates with the brake system to help
operate advanced stability control and
accident avoidance systems. When you
install a new battery or disconnect the
battery, you need to drive your vehicle a
short distance so it can relearn and reactivate
all systems.
PRE-COLLISION ASSIST
WARNING: You are responsible for
controlling your vehicle at all times. The
system is designed to be an aid and does
not relieve you of your responsibility to
drive with due care and attention. Failure
to follow this instruction could result in the
loss of control of your vehicle, personal
injury or death.
WARNING: The system does not
detect vehicles that are driving in a
different direction, cyclists or animals.
Apply the brakes when necessary. Failure
to follow this instruction could result in the
loss of control of your vehicle, personal
injury or death.
WARNING: The system does not
operate during hard acceleration or
steering. Failure to take care may lead to
a crash or personal injury.
WARNING: The system may fail or
operate with reduced function during cold
and severe weather conditions. Snow, ice,
rain, spray and fog can adversely affect the
system. Keep the front camera and radar
free of snow and ice. Failure to take care
may result in the loss of control of your
vehicle, serious personal injury or death.
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Driving Aids

Note:If you perceive the pre-collision assist
alert as being too frequent or disturbing, you
can reduce the alert sensitivity. The low
sensitivity causes fewer and later warnings
of a potential forward collision. The
manufacturer recommends using the high
sensitivity setting where possible.
Note:The sensitivity setting does not affect
the performance of the automatic
emergency braking.
Note:The system turns off when you select
deep conditions or deep sand mode.
Distance Indication and Alert (If Equipped)
This is a function that provides the driver with
a graphical indication of the time gap to other
preceding vehicles traveling in the same
direction. The system shows one of the
graphics that follow in the information
display.
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If the time gap to a preceding vehicle is
small, a red visual indication displays to the
driver.
Note:The system turns off and the graphics
do not display when adaptive cruise control
is active.
Time
Gap Distance
Gap Graphics Sensit-
ivity Speed
>0.9sec >82 ft
(25 m) Grey Normal 62 mph
(100 km/h)
0.6sec
—
0.9sec 56–82 ft
(17–25 m) Yellow Normal 62 mph
(100 km/h)
<0.6sec <56 ft
(17 m) Red Normal 62 mph
(100 km/h)
Evasive Steering Assist (If Equipped)
If your vehicle is rapidly approaching a road
user, this helps you steer around the road
user.
After you turn the steering wheel in an
attempt to avoid a crash with the road user,
the system applies additional steering torque
to help you steer around the road user. After
you pass the road user, the system applies
steering torque when you turn the steering
wheel to steer back into the lane. The system
turns off after you fully pass the road user.
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Driving Aids

Note:Road users are defined as another
stationary vehicle in the same lane or a
vehicle traveling in the same lane in the
same direction as you.
Evasive steering assist only activates when
all the following occur:
• Automatic emergency braking and
evasive steering assist are on.
• The system detects a road user ahead
and starts to apply the brakes.
• You significantly turn the steering wheel
to steer around a road user.
Note:The system does not automatically
steer around a road user. If you do not turn
the steering wheel, the system does not
activate.
Note:The system does not activate if the
distance to the road user ahead is too small
and the system cannot avoid a crash.
Note:The system does not activate with
cyclists or pedestrians.Adjusting the Pre-Collision Assist
Settings
You can adjust the following settings by
using the touchscreen. See General
Information (page 136).
• You can change alert and distance alert
sensitivity to one of three possible
settings.
• You can switch distance indication and
alert on or off.
• If required, you can switch active braking
on or off.
• If required, you can switch evasive
steering assist on or off.
Note:Active braking and evasive steering
assist automatically turn on every time you
switch the ignition on.
Note:If you switch active braking off, evasive
steering assist turns off.
Blocked Sensors
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Camera. 1
Radar sensor (if equipped). 2
If a message regarding a blocked sensor or
camera appears in the information display,
the radar signals or camera images are
obstructed. If your vehicle has a radar sensor,
it is behind the fascia cover in the center of
the lower grille. With a blocked sensor or
camera, the system may not function, or
performance may reduce. The following table
lists possible causes and actions for when
this message displays.
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Driving Aids

WHAT IS DRIVE MODE CONTROL
The system delivers a driving experience
through a suite of sophisticated electronic
vehicle systems. These systems optimize
steering, handling and powertrain response.
This provides a single location to control
multiple systems performance settings.
Changing the drive mode automatically
changes the functionality of the following
systems:
• Electronically power-assisted steering
system adjusts steering effort and feel
based on the mode you select. See
Steering (page 336).
• Electronic stability control and traction
control maintains your vehicle control in
adverse conditions or high performance
driving. See Stability Control (page 282).
• Electronic throttle control enhances the
powertrain response to your driving
inputs.
• Transmission controls optimize with shift
schedules tuned to each mode.
• AWD settings become optimized and
tuned to each mode.The system automatically tailors your vehicle
configuration for each mode you select.
Note:Not all settings, or modes, may be
available.
Note:The system has diagnostic checks that
continuously monitor the system for proper
operation. If a mode is unavailable due to a
system fault, the mode defaults to Normal.
SELECTING A DRIVE MODE
Note:Drive mode changes may not be
available when the ignition is off.
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Rotate the drive mode dial on the center
console to change the drive mode.
DRIVE MODES
CONSERVE
Enables efficient driving. It helps to deliver
maximum fuel efficiency and helps to
increase driving range.
DEEP CONDITIONS (If Equipped)
For crossing terrain that has deformable
deep, rutted surfaces such as mud, deep
sand or deep snow. Do not use on dry, hard
surfaced roads.
If your vehicle has air suspension, it raises
approximately 1.2 in (30 mm) at low speeds
for improved ground clearance.
Note:Using deep conditions mode on dry
hard surfaces could produce some vibration,
driveline bind up, and potential excessive
tire wear. This mode is for slippery and loose
surfaces.
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Drive Mode Control

DEEP SAND (If Equipped)
For crossing deep soft and dry sand.
Note:Using deep sand mode on dry hard
surfaces could produce some vibration,
driveline bind up, and potential excessive
tire wear. This mode is for slippery and loose
surfaces.
EXCITE
For sporty on-road driving. This mode
increases throttle response, provides a more
dynamic powertrain sound and steering feel,
along with a more sporty shifting experience.
If your vehicle has continuously controlled
damping suspension it adjusts to a stiffer
suspension setting, with an emphasis on
handling and control. The transmission also
holds gears longer, helping your vehicle
accelerate faster when shifting gears.
If your vehicle has air suspension, it lowers
approximately 0.6 in (15 mm) to improve
aerodynamics.
NORMAL
For everyday driving. This mode is a perfect
balance of excitement, comfort and
convenience. This is the default mode after
each ignition cycle.
PRESERVE EV
Your vehicle runs the engine as needed to
save electric driving range for later use in
another drive mode. For example, you first
drive at high speeds on open roads where
engine operation is appropriate. Later, you
drive at low speeds in an urban area where
electric only is most efficient.
If the battery charge is low when you select
this mode, the engine begins to charge the
high voltage battery to provide some electric
range for later. See Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle
Operation (page 219).
PURE EV
This mode can provide an electric only
driving experience. Your vehicle could
accelerate slower, and the top speed could
be reduced. For more power, fully press the
accelerator pedal to temporarily engage the
engine.
Your vehicle could enable the engine if
system conditions require it. An engine
enabled message displays if this occurs.
The engine could enable if the climate
control is in a defrost mode and the outside
temperature is cold. If the vehicle does not
need defrost, select a different climate
control mode to permit pure EV.
Your vehicle changes from pure EV mode to
normal mode when the vehicle electric range
is zero.
Note:When in pure EV mode, your vehicle
stays in this mode if there is all electric
driving range available and the system does
not fault.
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Drive Mode Control

Trailer Lamps
WARNING: Never connect any trailer
lamp wiring to the vehicle's tail lamp wiring;
this may damage the electrical system
resulting in fire. Contact your authorized
dealer as soon as possible for assistance
in proper trailer tow wiring installation.
Additional electrical equipment may be
required.
Most towed vehicles require trailer lamps.
Make sure all running lights, brake lights,
direction indicators and hazard flashers are
working.
Before Towing a Trailer
Practice turning, stopping and backing up to
get the feel of your vehicle-trailer
combination before starting on a trip. When
turning, make wider turns so the trailer
wheels clear curbs and other obstacles.
When Towing a Trailer
• Do not drive faster than 70 mph
(113 km/h) during the first 500 mi
(800 km).
• Do not make full-throttle starts.
• Check your hitch, electrical connections
and trailer wheel lug nuts thoroughly after
you have traveled 50 mi (80 km).
• When stopped in congested or heavy
traffic during hot weather, place the
gearshift in park (P) to aid engine and
transmission cooling and to help A/C
performance.
• Turn off the speed control with heavy
loads or in hilly terrain. The speed control
may turn off automatically when you are
towing on long, steep grades.
• Shift to a lower gear when driving down
a long or steep hill. Do not apply the
brakes continuously, as they may
overheat and become less effective.• If your transmission is equipped with a
Grade Assist or Tow/Haul feature, use
this feature when towing. This provides
engine braking and helps eliminate
excessive transmission shifting for
optimum fuel economy and transmission
cooling.
• Allow more distance for stopping with a
trailer attached. Anticipate stops and
brake gradually.
• Avoid parking on a grade. However, if
you must park on a grade:
1. Turn the steering wheel to point your
vehicle tires away from traffic flow.
2. Set your vehicle parking brake.
3. Place the automatic transmission in park
(P).
4. Place wheel chocks in front and back of
the trailer wheels. (Chocks not included
with vehicle.)
Launching or Retrieving a Boat or
Personal Watercraft (PWC)
Note:Disconnect the wiring to the trailer
before backing the trailer into the water.
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Towing

Note:Reconnect the wiring to the trailer
after removing the trailer from the water.
When backing down a ramp during boat
launching or retrieval:
• Do not allow the static water level to rise
above the bottom edge of the rear
bumper.
• Do not allow waves to break higher than
6 in (15 cm) above the bottom edge of
the rear bumper.
Exceeding these limits may allow water to
enter vehicle components:
• Causing internal damage to the
components.
• Affecting driveability, emissions, and
reliability.
Replace the rear axle lubricant anytime the
rear axle has been submerged in water.
Water may have contaminated the rear axle
lubricant, which is not normally checked or
changed unless a leak is suspected or other
axle repair is required.TOWING THE VEHICLE ON FOUR
WHEELS
Emergency Towing
WARNING: If your vehicle has a
steering wheel lock make sure the ignition
is in the accessory or on position when
being towed.
If your vehicle becomes inoperable without
access to wheel dollies or a vehicle transport
trailer, it can be flat-towed with all wheels on
the ground, regardless of the powertrain and
transmission configuration, under the
following conditions:
• Your vehicle is facing forward for towing
in a forward direction.
• Refer to the Manual Park Release
procedure. See Automatic Transmission
(page 259). Failing to do so could result
in damage to the transmission.
• Maximum speed is 35 mph (56 km/h).
• Maximum distance is 50 mi (80 km).Note:If you are unsure of the vehicle’s
configuration, contact an authorized dealer.
Recreational Towing - Front-Wheel
Drive Vehicles
(If Equipped)
You cannot recreational tow your vehicle
with all wheels on the ground because
vehicle or transmission damage could occur.
Place the front wheels on a two-wheel tow
dolly. If you are using a tow dolly, follow the
instructions specified by the equipment
provider.
Recreational Towing - Rear-Wheel
Drive Vehicles (If Equipped)
You cannot recreational tow your vehicle
with all wheels on the ground because
vehicle or transmission damage could occur.
We recommend towing your vehicle with all
four wheels off the ground, such as when
using a car-hauling trailer. Otherwise, you
cannot recreational tow your vehicle.
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Towing