change wheel LINCOLN MKS 2011 User Guide

Mud and water
If you must drive through high water, drive slowly. Traction or brake
capability may be limited.
When driving through water, determine the depth; avoid water higher
than the bottom of the wheel rims (if possible) and proceed slowly. If the
ignition system gets wet, the vehicle may stall.
Once through water, always try the brakes. Wet brakes do not stop the
vehicle as effectively as dry brakes. Drying can be improved by moving
your vehicle slowly while applying light pressure on the brake pedal.
Be cautious of sudden changes in vehicle speed or direction when you
are driving in mud. Even AWD vehicles can lose traction in slick mud. As
when you are driving over sand, apply the accelerator slowly and avoid
spinning your wheels. If the vehicle does slide, steer in the direction of
the slide until you regain control of the vehicle.
If the engine, transmission, AWD system components or axles are
submerged in water, their fluids should be checked and changed, if
necessary.
Driving through deep water may damage the engine or
transmission.
If the front or rear axle is submerged in water, the axle lubricant and
PTU (Power Transfer Unit) lubricant should be checked and changed if
necessary.
After driving through mud, clean off residue stuck to rotating driveshafts
and tires. Excess mud stuck on tires and rotating driveshafts causes an
imbalance that could damage drive components.
“Tread Lightly” is an educational
program designed to increase public
awareness of land-use regulations
and responsibilities in our nations
wilderness areas. Ford Motor
Company joins the U.S. Forest Service and the Bureau of Land
Management in encouraging you to help preserve our national forest and
other public and private lands by “treading lightly.”
Driving on hilly or sloping terrain
Although natural obstacles may make it necessary to travel diagonally up
or down a hill or steep incline, you should always try to drive straight up
or straight down.Avoid driving crosswise or turning on steep
slopes or hills.A danger lies in losing traction, slipping sideways and
Driving
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possibly rolling over. Whenever driving on a hill, determine beforehand
the route you will use. Do not drive over the crest of a hill without
seeing what conditions are on the other side. Do not drive in reverse
over a hill without the aid of an observer.
When climbing a steep slope or hill, start in a lower gear rather than
downshifting to a lower gear from a higher gear once the ascent has
started. This reduces strain on the engine and the possibility of stalling.
If you do stall out, Do not try to turn around because you might roll
over. It is better to back down to a safe location.
Apply just enough power to the wheels to climb the hill. Too much
power will cause the tires to slip, spin or lose traction, resulting in loss of
vehicle control.
Descend a hill in the same gear you
would use to climb up the hill to
avoid excessive brake application
and brake overheating. Do not
descend in neutral; instead,
disengage overdrive or manually
shift to a lower gear. When
descending a steep hill, avoid
sudden hard braking as you could
lose control. The front wheels have
to be turning in order to steer the
vehicle.
Your vehicle has anti-lock brakes, therefore apply the brakes steadily. Do
not “pump” the brakes.
Driving on snow and ice
Note:Excessive tire slippage can cause transmission damage.
AWD vehicles have advantages over 2WD vehicles in snow and ice but
can skid like any other vehicle.
Should you start to slide while driving on snowy or icy roads, turn the
steering wheel in the direction of the slide until you regain control.
Avoid sudden applications of power and quick changes of direction on
snow and ice. Apply the accelerator slowly and steadily when starting
from a full stop.
Avoid sudden braking as well. Although an AWD vehicle may accelerate
better than a two-wheel drive vehicle in snow and ice, it won’t stop any
faster, because as in other vehicles, braking occurs at all four wheels. Do
not become overconfident as to road conditions.
Driving
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Tire change procedure
WARNING:When one of the front wheels is off the ground, the
transmission alone will not prevent the vehicle from moving or
slipping off the jack, even if the vehicle is in P (Park).
WARNING:To help prevent the vehicle from moving when you
change a tire, be sure to place the transmission in P (Park), set
the parking brake and block (in both directions) the wheel that is
diagonally opposite (other side and end of the vehicle) to the tire
being changed.
WARNING:If the vehicle slips off the jack, you or someone else
could be seriously injured.
WARNING:Do not attempt to change a tire on the side of the
vehicle close to moving traffic. Pull far enough off the road to
avoid the danger of being hit when operating the jack or changing the
wheel.
Note:Passengers should not remain in the vehicle when the vehicle is
being jacked.
1. Block the diagonally opposite
wheel.
2. Remove wheel cover (if
equipped) with the lug wrench tip
and loosen each wheel lug nut
one-half turn counterclockwise but
do not remove them until the wheel
is raised off the ground.
Roadside Emergencies
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Keep a record for at least one month and record the type of driving (city
or highway). This will provide an accurate estimate of the vehicle’s fuel
economy under current driving conditions. Additionally, keeping records
during summer and winter will show how temperature impacts fuel
economy. In general, lower temperatures give lower fuel economy.
Driving style — good driving and fuel economy habits
Give consideration to the lists that follow and you may be able to change
a number of variables and improve your fuel economy.
Habits
•Smooth, moderate operation can yield up to 10% savings in fuel.
•Steady speeds without stopping will usually give the best fuel
economy.
•Idling for long periods of time (greater than one minute) may waste
fuel.
•Anticipate stopping; slowing down may eliminate the need to stop.
•Sudden or hard accelerations may reduce fuel economy.
•Slow down gradually.
•Driving at reasonable speeds (traveling at 55 mph [88 km/h] uses 15%
less fuel than traveling at 65 mph [105 km/h]).
•Revving the engine before turning it off may reduce fuel economy.
•Using the air conditioner or defroster may reduce fuel economy.
•You may want to turn off the speed control in hilly terrain if
unnecessary shifting between the top gears occurs. Unnecessary
shifting of this type could result in reduced fuel economy.
•Warming up a vehicle on cold mornings is not required and may
reduce fuel economy.
•Resting your foot on the brake pedal while driving may reduce fuel
economy.
•Combine errands and minimize stop-and-go driving.
Maintenance
•Keep tires properly inflated and use only recommended size.
•Operating a vehicle with the wheels out of alignment will reduce fuel
economy.
•Use recommended engine oil. Refer toMaintenance product
specifications and capacitiesin this chapter.
Maintenance and Specifications
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Oil Change Service Interval* 1 2 345678910
Change engine oil and filter• •••••••••
Rotate tires, inspect tire wear and measure tread
depth• •••••••••
Inspect the wheels and related components for
abnormal noise, wear, looseness or drag• •••••••••
Perform multi-point inspection (recommended)• •••••••••
Inspect automatic transmission fluid level (if
equipped with a dipstick); consult dealer for
requirements• •••••••••
Inspect brake pads, shoes, rotors, drums, brake
linings, hoses and parking brake• •••••••••
Inspect engine cooling system for strength, and
hoses• •••••••••
Inspect exhaust system and heat shields• •••••••••
Inspect half-shaft boots (if equipped)• •••••••••
Inspect and lubricate steering linkage, ball joints,
suspension, tie-rod ends, driveshaft and U-joints if
equipped with grease fittings• •••••••••
Inspect cabin air filter (if equipped)• ••••
*Oil change service intervals should be completed as indicated by the instrument cluster message center
Reset your Intelligent Oil Life Monitor™ after each engine oil and filter change; refer to theInstrument Clusterchapter
Scheduled Maintenance Guide
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Oil Change Service Interval* 11 12 13 14 15
Change engine oil and filter• ••••
Rotate tires, inspect tire wear and measure tread depth• ••••
Inspect the wheels and related components for abnormal noise, wear,
looseness or drag• ••••
Perform multi-point inspection (recommended)• ••••
Inspect automatic transmission fluid level (if equipped with a
dipstick); consult dealer for requirements• ••••
Inspect brake pads, shoes, rotors, drums, brake linings, hoses and
parking brake• ••••
Inspect engine cooling system for strength, and hoses• ••••
Inspect exhaust system and heat shields• ••••
Inspect half-shaft boots (if equipped)• ••••
Inspect and lubricate steering linkage, ball joints, suspension, tie-rod
ends, driveshaft and U-joints if equipped with grease fittings• ••••
Inspect cabin air filter (if equipped)•••
*Oil change service intervals should be completed as indicated by the instrument cluster message center
Reset your Intelligent Oil Life Monitor™ after each engine oil and filter change; refer to theInstrument Clusterchapter
Scheduled Maintenance Guide
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Perform the services noted in the following table at the specified
time/mileage (km) period either within 3,000 miles (5,000 km) of the
OIL CHANGE REQUIRED message appearing in the message center or
when the time/mileage (km) reading indicates service is due.
Example #1:The OIL CHANGE REQUIRED message comes on at
28,751 miles (46,270 km); perform the 30,000 mile (48,000 km)
automatic transmission fluid replacement.
Example #2:The OIL CHANGE REQUIRED message hasnotcome on
but the odometer reads 30,000 miles (48,000 km); perform the engine air
filter replacement. (i.e., Intelligent Oil Life Monitor™ was reset at
25,000 miles [40,000 km].)
Every 20,000 miles
(32,000 km)Replace cabin air filter (if equipped)
Every 30,000 miles
(48,000 km)Replace climate-controlled seat filter (if
equipped)
Replace engine air filter
Every 100,000 miles
(160,000 km)Change engine coolant
1
Replace spark plugs
Inspect accessory drive belt(s)2
Every 150,000 miles
(240,000 km)Change automatic transmission fluid and filter
(filter not required on 6F35, 6F50, and
AWF-21 transmissions); consult dealer for
requirements
Change manual transmission fluid
Change rear axle fluid on all rear-wheel drive
(RWD) vehicles
Replace accessory drive belt(s) if not replaced
within the last 100,000 miles (160,000 km)
Replace timing belt (Fiesta).Failure to
replace timing belt can cause internal
engine damage.
1Initial replacement at 100,000 miles (160,000 km) or 72 months; every
50,000 miles (80,000 km) or 36 months thereafter
2Perform a follow-up inspection at 120,000 miles (192,000 km)
Scheduled Maintenance Guide
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Operating in dusty conditions such as unpaved or dusty roads
Every 5,000 miles (8,000 km)– Rotate tires, inspect tires for wear and measure tread
depth.
– Inspect the wheels and related components for
abnormal noise, wear, looseness or drag.
Every 5,000 miles (8,000 km) or
6 months– Change engine oil and replace oil filter.
Every 30,000 miles (48,000 km)– Change automatic transmission fluid (except Fiesta).
Every 50,000 miles (80,000 km)– Change manual transmission fluid.
Inspect frequently, service as
required– Replace cabin air filter (if equipped).
– Replace engine air filter.
Reset your Intelligent Oil Life Monitor™ after each engine oil and filter
change; refer to theInstrument Clusterchapter.
Exclusive use of E85 (Flex Fuel Vehicles only)
Every oil change interval– If ran exclusively on E85, fill the fuel tank full with
regular unleaded fuel.
Scheduled Maintenance Guide
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cleaning ...................................288
coolant .....................................307
fail-safe cooling .......................311
idle speed control ...................305
lubrication specifications .......336
refill capacities ........................336
service points ..................298–299
Engine block heater .................221
Engine oil ..................................301
change oil soon warning,
message center .......................301
checking and adding ..............301
dipstick ....................................301
filter, specifications ................335
refill capacities ........................336
specifications ..........................336
Event data recording ....................6
Exhaust fumes ..........................220
F
Fail safe cooling ........................311
Fleet MyKey programming ......100
Floor mats ...................................97
Fluid capacities .........................336
Fog lamps ....................................58
Four-Wheel Drive vehicles
driving off road .......................249
Fuel ............................................313
calculating fuel
economy ............................20, 319
cap ...........................................315
capacity ...................................336
choosing the right fuel ...........316
detergent in fuel .....................318
filler funnel .............................318
filling your vehicle with
fuel ...........................313, 315, 319
filter, specifications ........313, 335fuel pump shut-off ..................257
improving fuel economy ........319
octane rating ...................317, 340
quality ......................................317
running out of fuel .........273, 318
safety information relating to
automotive fuels .....................313
Fuses ..........................................258
G
Garage door opener ....................93
Gas cap (see Fuel cap) ............315
Gas mileage
(see Fuel economy) .................319
Gauges .........................................17
H
Hazard flashers .........................257
Headlamps ...................................56
aiming ........................................62
autolamp system .......................57
bulb specifications ....................65
daytime running lights .............61
flash to pass ..............................61
high beam .................................58
turning on and off ....................56
Heated Seats .....................131–132
Heating
heating and air conditioning
system .................................48, 51
Homelink wireless control
system ..........................................93
Hood ..........................................297
I
Ignition ...............................216, 340
Index
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