bulb MAZDA 323 1992 Workshop Manual Suplement

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GI CAUTION
USING ELECTRICAL MEASURING EQUIPMENT
Use Handling precautions Operation Equpment
Test lamp Test to find open or shorted
crrcuits
l Connect the test lamp
between the circuit being
measured and a ground.
l The lamp will lrght if the
circurt is energized to the
point testedA
l Test lamps use 12V t.4W or
3.4W bulbs or light-emitting
diodes (LEOs). Using a
large-capacity bulb may
damage :he Ckil.
Jumper wrre Used to create a temporary
ctrcult . Connect the jumper wire
between the terminals of a
cjrcurt to bypass a switch. l 00 not connect the lumper
wrre from the power source
line to ground; this may
cause burning or other
damage to harnesses or
electrontc components.
Voltmeter Used for measuring the voltage
of a circutt to find possible
opens or shot-k.
l Connect the voltmeter in
parallel wrth the cjrcurt.
l Set the range to the dewed
voltage.
l Use the service hole when measuring the voltage at the
diagnosis connector.
l Connect the positive (+)
probe to the point where
voltage IS to be. measured
and the negatrve (-) probe to
a ground.
l Tie a thin wire to the
posrtive (+) probe to access
narrow terminals.
Ohmmeter Used to find opens and shorts
In the ctrcurt, to confrrm
contrnurty and to measure
reststance.
l Zero the ohmmeter. l Zero the meter after
switching to the measuring
range.
l Before using the ohmmeter,
make sure the ignitron
switch is off or the megatrve
(-) battery cable is
disconnected to prevent
burning or otherwise
damaging the ohmmeter. &--- l Verify that voltage IS not
applied to the circuit
l Connect the probes between
two points in a Circuit.,
t I t
+ Connect the ammeter in
series with the circuit by
touchtng the positive ( +)
probe to the power-srde
terminal and the negative (-
probe to the ground-srde
terminal. Ammeter
Used to check alternator output,
current supplied to the starter.
and dark current wrthrn a circutt. l Set the range to the desired
amperage.
l Connect the ammeter In
series with the circuit. The
ammeter may be burned or
otherwise damaged if it IS
connected in parallel. Note
Dark current IS the constant flow
of current whrle
the ignitron
switch is OFF.
13EGIX-31;
Gl-t 6

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Reading Wiring Diagrams GI
Symbol
Horn Meaning l Generates sound when current flows. Symbol Switch (1) Meaning l Allows or breaks current flow by
opening and closing circuits.
Speaker
ccl
Heater l Generates heat when current flows. Normally open (NO)
Switch (2)
I
Normally closed (NC)
Harness l Unconnected intersecting harness.
Speed sensor
+ Movement of magnet in speedometer
turns contact within sensor on and off. (Not connected)
w Connected intersecting harness.
Ignition switch
l Turning ignition key switches circuit to
operate various component.
(Connected)
Relay (1)
l Current flowing through coil produces electromagnetic force causing contact to open or close.
No current to coil Current to coil
Uormally open (NO)
Relay (2) Normally open relay (NO)
lormally closed (NC) [/I jr No flow @jj 1 Flow
Normally closed relay (NC)
Sensor (variable) a Resistance changes with other Diode l Known as a semiconductor rectifier,
components operation. the diode allows current flow in one
IA direction only.
R
CaIhode(K)--++- Anode(A)
- Flow 01 electric C”llO”,
KIIZT)-A K-A K-A
#ensor (thermistor) 0 Resistance changes with temperature. Light-emitting diode l A diode that lights when current flows.
V-ED) l Unlike ordinary bulbs, the diode does
not generate heat when it.
%u
I-
- Cathode(K) -$----- Anode(A)
Capacitor
l Component that temporarily stores
electrical charge.
----it----
Flow of current
Solenoid
l Current flowing through coil generates Reference diode l AIIOWS current to flow in one direction
electromagnetic force to operate (Zener diode) up to a certain voltage; allows current
to flow in the other direction once that
ti
n voltage is exceeded.
9

Troubleshooting
Using electrical measuring equipment
Equipment USe
Test lamp Test to find open or shorted
H circ”its. operation Handling precautions 0 Connect the test lamp l Test lamps use 12V 1.4W
between the circuit being
or 3.4W bulbs or light-emitting
measured and a ground.
diodes (LEDs). Using .a large-
l The lamp will light if the circuit
capacity bulb may damage the
is energized to the point
CPU.
tested.
I? ‘s
n
Jumper wire
Used to create a temporary 0 Connect the jumper wire
l Do not connect the jumper
circuit. between the terminals of a wire from the power source
circuit to bypass a switch. line to a ground; this may
4 cause burning or other
b damage to harnesses or
electronic components.
M
Voltmeter
Used for measuring the voltage
l Connect the voltmeter in
of a circuit to find possible opens *Connect the positive (+) probe
parallel with the circuit.
or shorts.
to the Point where Voltage is to 0 Set the range to the desired
be measured and the negative
voltage.
(-) probe to a ground.
*Use the service hole when
measuring the voltage at the
diagnosis connector.
‘$$
‘, i_ I/
*Tie a thin wire to the positive
(+) probe to access narrow
terminals.
Ohmmeter
l Zero the ohmmeter.
Used to find opens and shorts in *Zero the meter after switching
the circuit, to confirm continuity l-.&j
to the measuring range.
and to measure resistance. -*-.
0 Before using the ohmmeter,
l Verify that voltage is not make sure the ignition switch
applied to the circuit. is off or the negative (-)
l Connect the probes between battery cable is disconnected
two points in a circuit. _ to prevent burning or
otherwise damaging the
ohmmeter.
Ammeter
l Connect the ammeter in series l Set the range to the desired
Used to check alternator output,
with the circuit by touching the amperage.
current supplied to the starter,
and dark current within a circuit. positive (+) probe to the l Connect the ammeter in series
power-side terminal and the with the circuit. The ammeter
Note
Dark current is the constant flow negative (-) probe to the
ground-side terminal. may be burned or otherwise
damaged if it is connected in
parallel.
of current while the ignition
switch is OFF.
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