engine NISSAN ALMERA 2001 User Guide

ª11º Position=NJAT0013S0202
+Forward clutch
+Forward one-way clutch
+Overrun clutch
+Low and reverse brakeAs overrun clutch engages, rear internal gear is locked by the operation of low and
reverse brake.
This is different from that of D
1and 21.
Engine brake Overrun clutch always engages, therefore engine brake can be obtained when
decelerating.
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OVERALL SYSTEM
Shift Mechanism (Cont'd)
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ªD1º and ª21º Positions=NJAT0013S0203
+Forward one-way clutch
+Forward clutch
+Low one-way clutchRear internal gear is locked to rotate counterclockwise because of the functioning of
these three clutches.
Overrun clutch
engagement conditions
(Engine brake)D
1: Overdrive control switch ªOFFº and throttle opening is less than 3/16
2
1: Always engaged
At D
1and 21positions, engine brake is not activated due to free turning of low one-
way clutch.
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OVERALL SYSTEM
Shift Mechanism (Cont'd)
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ªD4º (OD) Position=NJAT0013S0206
+High clutch
+Brake band
+Forward clutch(Does not affect power
transmission)Input power is transmitted to front carrier through high clutch.
This front carrier turns around the sun gear which is fixed by brake band and makes
front internal gear (output) turn faster.
Engine brakeAt D
4position, there is no one-way clutch in the power transmission line and engine
brake can be obtained when decelerating.
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OVERALL SYSTEM
Shift Mechanism (Cont'd)
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ªRº Position=NJAT0013S0207
+Reverse clutch
+Low and reverse brakeFront planetary carrier is stationary because of the operation of low and reverse
brake.
Input power is transmitted to front sun gear through reverse clutch, which drives front
internal gear in the opposite direction.
Engine brakeAs there is no one-way clutch in the power transmission line, engine brake can be
obtained when decelerating.
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OVERALL SYSTEM
Shift Mechanism (Cont'd)
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Control System=NJAT0014OUTLINENJAT0014S01The automatic transaxle senses vehicle operating conditions through various switches and sensors. It always
controls the optimum shift position and reduces shifting and lock-up shocks.
SWITCHES & SENSORS
cTCM
cACTUATORS
PNP switch
Throttle position sensor
Closed throttle position switch
Wide open throttle position
switch
Engine speed signal
A/T fluid temperature sensor
Revolution sensor
Vehicle speed sensor
Overdrive control switch
Stop lamp switchShift control
Line pressure control
Lock-up control
Overrun clutch control
Timing control
Fail-safe control
Self-diagnosis
CONSULT-II communication line
control
Duet-EA controlShift solenoid valve A
Shift solenoid valve B
Overrun clutch solenoid valve
Torque converter clutch solenoid
valve
Line pressure solenoid valve
O/D OFF indicator lamp
CONTROL SYSTEMNJAT0014S02
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OVERALL SYSTEM
Control System
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TCM FUNCTION=NJAT0014S03The function of the TCM is to:
+Receive input signals sent from various switches and sensors.
+Determine required line pressure, shifting point, lock-up operation, and engine brake operation.
+Send required output signals to the respective solenoids.
INPUT/OUTPUT SIGNAL OF TCMNJAT0014S04
Sensors, switches and solenoid
valvesFunction
InputPNP switch Detects select lever position and sends a signal to TCM.
Throttle position sensor Detects throttle valve position and sends a signal to TCM.
Closed throttle position switch Detects throttle valve's fully-closed position and sends a signal to TCM.
Wide open throttle position switchDetects a throttle valve position of greater than 1/2 of full throttle and sends
a signal to TCM.
Engine speed signal From ECM.
A/T fluid temperature sensor Detects transmission fluid temperature and sends a signal to TCM.
Revolution sensor Detects output shaft rpm and sends a signal to TCM.
Vehicle speed sensorUsed as an auxiliary vehicle speed sensor. Sends a signal when revolution
sensor (installed on transmission) malfunctions.
Overdrive control switchSends a signal, which prohibits a shift to ªD
4º (overdrive) position, to the
TCM.
Stop lamp switch Releases lock-up system when depressing pedal in lock-up condition.
OutputShift solenoid valve A/BSelects shifting point suited to driving conditions in relation to a signal sent
from TCM.
Line pressure solenoid valveRegulates (or decreases) line pressure suited to driving conditions in rela-
tion to a signal sent from TCM.
Torque converter clutch solenoid
valveRegulates (or decreases) lock-up pressure suited to driving conditions in
relation to a signal sent from TCM.
Overrun clutch solenoid valveControls an ªengine brakeº effect suited to driving conditions in relation to a
signal sent from TCM.
O/D OFF indicator lamp Shows TCM faults, when A/T control components malfunction.
Control MechanismNJAT0015LINE PRESSURE CONTROLNJAT0015S01TCM has various line pressure control characteristics to match the
driving conditions.
An ON-OFF duty signal is sent to the line pressure solenoid valve
based on TCM characteristics.
Hydraulic pressure on the clutch and brake is electronically con-
trolled through the line pressure solenoid valve to accommodate
engine torque. This results in smooth shift operation.
OVERALL SYSTEM
Control System (Cont'd)
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Normal ControlNJAT0015S0101The line pressure to throttle opening characteristics is set for suit-
able clutch operation.
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Back-up Control (Engine brake)NJAT0015S0102If the selector lever is shifted to ª2º position while driving in D4(OD)
or D
3, great driving force is applied to the clutch inside the trans-
mission. Clutch operating pressure (line pressure) must be
increased to deal with this driving force.
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During Shift ChangeNJAT0015S0103The line pressure is temporarily reduced corresponding to a
change in engine torque when shifting gears (that is, when the shift
solenoid valve is switched for clutch operation) to reduce shifting
shock.
At Low Fluid TemperatureNJAT0015S0104+Fluid viscosity and frictional characteristics of the clutch facing
change with fluid temperature. Clutch engaging or band-con-
tacting pressure is compensated for, according to fluid
temperature, to stabilize shifting quality.
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+The line pressure is reduced below 60ÉC (140ÉF) to prevent
shifting shock due to low viscosity of automatic transmission
fluid when temperature is low.
OVERALL SYSTEM
Control Mechanism (Cont'd)
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+Line pressure is increased to a maximum irrespective of the
throttle opening when fluid temperature drops to þ10ÉC (14ÉF).
This pressure rise is adopted to prevent a delay in clutch and
brake operation due to extreme drop of fluid viscosity at low
temperature.
SHIFT CONTROLNJAT0015S02The shift is regulated entirely by electronic control to accommodate
vehicle speed and varying engine operations. This is accomplished
by electrical signals transmitted by the revolution sensor and
throttle position sensor. This results in improved acceleration per-
formance and fuel economy.
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Control of Shift Solenoid Valves A and BNJAT0015S0201The TCM activates shift solenoid valves A and B according to sig-
nals from the throttle position sensor and revolution sensor to
select the optimum gear position on the basis of the shift schedule
memorized in the TCM.
The shift solenoid valve performs simple ON-OFF operation. When
set to ªONº, the drain circuit closes and pilot pressure is applied to
the shift valve.
Relation Between Shift Solenoid Valves A and B and
Gear Positions
NJAT0015S0203
Shift solenoid valveGear position
D
1,21,11D2,22,12D3D4(OD) N-P
A ON (Closed) OFF (Open) OFF (Open) ON (Closed) ON (Closed)
B ON (Closed) ON (Closed) OFF (Open) OFF (Open) ON (Closed)
Control of Shift Valves A and BNJAT0015S0202
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OVERALL SYSTEM
Control Mechanism (Cont'd)
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Torque Converter Clutch Control Valve OperationNJAT0015S0303
AAT155A
Lock-up released
The OFF-duration of the torque converter clutch solenoid valve is
long, and pilot pressure is high. The pilot pressure pushes the end
face of the torque converter clutch control valve in combination with
spring force to move the valve to the left. As a result, converter
pressure is applied to chamber A (torque converter clutch piston
release side). Accordingly, the torque converter clutch piston
remains unlocked.
Lock-up applied
When the OFF-duration of the torque converter clutch solenoid
valve is short, pilot pressure drains and becomes low. Accordingly,
the control valve moves to the right by the pilot pressure of the
other circuit and converter pressure. As a result, converter pres-
sure is applied to chamber B, keeping the torque converter clutch
piston applied.
Also smooth lock-up is provided by transient application and
release of the lock-up.
OVERRUN CLUTCH CONTROL (ENGINE BRAKE
CONTROL)
NJAT0015S04Forward one-way clutch is used to reduce shifting shocks in down-
shifting operations. This clutch transmits engine torque to the
wheels. However, drive force from the wheels is not transmitted to
the engine because the one-way clutch rotates idle. This means the
engine brake is not effective.
The overrun clutch operates when the engine brake is needed.
Overrun Clutch Operating ConditionsNJAT0015S0401
Selector lever position Gear position Throttle opening
ªDº position D
1,D2,D3gear position
Less than 3/16
ª2º position 2
1,22gear position
ª1º position 1
1,12gear position At any position
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OVERALL SYSTEM
Control Mechanism (Cont'd)
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Overrun Clutch Solenoid Valve ControlNJAT0015S0402The overrun clutch solenoid valve is operated by an ON-OFF sig-
nal transmitted by the TCM to provide overrun clutch control
(engine brake control).
When this solenoid valve is ªONº, the pilot pressure drain port
closes. When it is ªOFFº, the drain port opens.
During the solenoid valve ªONº pilot pressure is applied to the end
face of the overrun clutch control valve.
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Overrun Clutch Control Valve OperationNJAT0015S0403When the solenoid valve is ªONº, pilot pressure is applied to the
overrun clutch control valve. This pushes up the overrun clutch
control valve. The line pressure is then shut off so that the clutch
does not engage.
When the solenoid valve is ªOFFº, pilot pressure is not generated.
At this point, the overrun clutch control valve moves downward by
spring force. As a result, overrun clutch operation pressure is pro-
vided by the overrun clutch reducing valve. This causes the over-
run clutch to engage.
In the 1 position, the overrun clutch control valve remains pushed
down so that the overrun clutch is engaged at all times.
Control ValveNJAT0016FUNCTION OF CONTROL VALVESNJAT0016S01
Valve name Function
Pressure regulator valve, plug
and sleeveRegulates oil discharged from the oil pump to provide optimum line pressure for all driving
conditions.
Pressure modifier valve and
sleeveUsed as a signal supplementary valve to the pressure regulator valve. Regulates pressure-
modifier pressure (signal pressure) which controls optimum line pressure for all driving condi-
tions.
Pilot valve Regulates line pressure to maintain a constant pilot pressure level which controls lock-up
mechanism, overrun clutch, shift timing.
Accumulator control valve Regulates accumulator back-pressure to pressure suited to driving conditions.
Manual valve Directs line pressure to oil circuits corresponding to select positions.
Hydraulic pressure drains when the shift lever is in Neutral.
Shift valve A Simultaneously switches four oil circuits using output pressure of shift solenoid valve A to
meet driving conditions (vehicle speed, throttle opening, etc.).
Provides automatic downshifting and up-shifting (1st®2nd®3rd®4th gears/4th®3rd®
2nd®1st gears) in combination with shift valve B.
OVERALL SYSTEM
Control Mechanism (Cont'd)
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