check engine light NISSAN ALMERA N15 1995 Owner's Manual

ON-BOARDDIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMDESCRIPTION
CONSULT (Conl'd)
ACTIVE TESTMODE

TEST ITEM CONDITION JUDGEMENTCHECKITEM(REMEDY)
• Engine: Returntothe original
•Harness andconnector
FUEL INJECTION trouble
condition
Iftrouble symptom disappears,
•Fuel injectors
• Change theamount offuel
seeCHECK ITEM.
•Heated oxygen sensor
injection usingCONSULT .
• Engine: Afterwarming up,idle
IACV-AACIV the
engine.
Enginespeedchanges according •Harness andconnector
OPENING •
Change theIACV-AAC valve
tothe opening percent. •
IACV-AAC valve
opening percentusingCON-
SULT.
• Engine: Returntothe original
•Harness andconnector
ENG COOLANT trouble
condition
Iftrouble symptom disappears, •
Engine coolant temperature
• Change theengine coolant
.

TEMP see
CHECK ITEM. sensor
temperature indicationusing
•Fuel injectors
CONSULT .
• Engine: Returntothe original
trouble condition
Iftrouble symptom disappears,
IGNITION TIMING•Timing light:Set •
Adjust initialignition timing
• Retard theignition timingusingsee
CHECK ITEM.
CONSULT.
• Engine: Afterwarming up,idle •
Harness andconnector
the engine. •
Compression
POWER
•
AIC
switch "OFF"
Enginerunsrough ordies. •
Injectors
BALANCE •
Shift lever "N" •
Power transistor
• Cut offeach injector signalone •
Spark plugs
at atime using CONSULT . •
Ignition coils
• Ignition switch:ON
•Harness andconnector
COOLING FAN•
Turn thecooling fan"ON" andCooling
fanmoves andstops.
•Cooling fanmotor
"OFF" usingCONSULT .
• Ignition switch:ON(Engine
FUEL PUMP stopped)
Fuelpump relaymakes theoper- •
Harness andconnector
RELAY •
Turn thefuel pump relay"ON"
atingsound. •
Fuel pump relay
and "OFF" usingCONSULT
and listen tooperating sound.
EGRC •
Ignition switch:ON
• Turn solenoid valve"ON"and Solenoid
valvemakes anoperat- •
Harness andconnector
SOLENOID "OFF"withtheCONSULT andingsound. •
Solenoid valve
VALVE listentooperating sound.
SELF-LEARNING •
In this test, thecoefficient ofself-learning controlmixture ratioreturns tothe original coefficient by
CONT touching
"CLEAR" onthe screen.

EC-259
•

ON-BOARDDIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMDESCRIPTION
CONSULT (Cont'd)

FUNCTION TEST
CONDITION
ITEM JUDGEMENT
CHECKITEM(REMEDY)
• Ignition switch:ON
->

START
• Start signal circuit is
tested whenengine is
started byoperating the
starter. Beforecranking,
START SIGNAL batteryvoltage andengine
Startsignal: OFF
->
ON •
Harness andconnector
CIRCUIT coolanttemperature are
•Ignition switch
displayed. During
cranking, averagebattery
voltage, massairflow
sensor outputvoltage and
cranking speedaredis-
.

played .
• Ignition switch:ON
(Engine running)
Lockedposition ON
•Harness andconnector
PW/ST SIGNAL •
Power steering circuitis
•Power steering oilpres-
CIRCUIT tested
whensteering
sureswitch
wheel isrotated fullyand
•Power steering oilpump
then settoastraight lineNeutral
position OFF
running position.
• Vehicle speedsensor cir-
•Harness andconnector
VEHICLE SPEED cuitistested whenvehicle Vehiclespeedsensor inputsignal is
•Vehicle speedsensor
SEN CKT isrunning ataspeed of10 greater than4km/h (2MPH)
•Electric speedometer
km/h (6MPH) orhigher .
• After warming up,idle the
engine. •Adjust ignition timing(by
• Ignition timingadjustment
movingcrankshaft position
is checked byreading Thetiming lightindicates thesame
IGN TIMING ADJ
ignitiontimingwithatim- valueonthe screen. sensor
ordistributor)
ing light andchecking •
Camshaft positionsensor
whether itagrees with drive
mechanism
specifications. •INJECTION SYS(Injector,
fuel pressure regulator,
harness orconnector)
• Air-fuel ratiofeedback cir- •
IGNITION SYS(Spark
cuit (injection system,igni- plug,
power transistor,
ignition coil,harness or
tion system, vacuum
connector)
MIXTURE RATIO system,
etc.)istested byHeated oxygen sensorCOUNT: More
•VACUUM SYS(Intake air
TEST examining
theheated oxy-than
5times during 10seconds
leaks)
gen sensor outputat2,000
•Heated oxygen sensorcir-
rpm under non-loaded
cuit
state. •Heated oxygen sensor
operation
• Fuel pressure highorlow
• Mass airflow sensor

EC-261
•

TROUBLEDIAGNOSIS -General Descrip_ti_on
1S_R_'

Basic Inspection
Precaution:
Perform BasicInspection withoutelectrical ormechanical loads
applied;
• Headlamp switchisOFF,
• Air conditioner switchisOFF,
• Rear defogger switchisOFF,
• Steering wheelisinthe straight-ahead position,etc.

m

BEFORE STARTING

1. Check service records forany recent •
repairs thatmay indicate arelated
problem, orthe current needfor
scheduled maintenance.
2. Open engine hoodandcheck thefol-
lowing:
• Harness connectors forimproper con-
nections
• Vacuum hosesforsplits, kinks,or
improper connections
• Wiring forimproper connections,
pinches, orcuts
Goto
(I.

No

CONNECT
CONSULTTOTHE VEHICLE.

Connect "CONSULT" tothe data link
connector forCONSULT andselect
"ENGINE" fromthemenu. Referto

EC-254.
DOES ENGINE START?

\\

~
~ SEF1421

START

•
IGN TIMING ADJ.
0

IGNITION TIMINGFEEDBACK
CONTROL WILLBEHELD BY
TOUCHING START
AFTER DOING SO,ADJUST
IGNITION TIMINGWITHA
TIMING LIGHTBYTURNING
THE CAMSHAFT POSITION
SENSOR.

SEF555N
Yes

CHECK IGNITION TIMING.

(ij\
1.Warm upengine sufficiently.
~ 2.Select "IGNTIMING ADJ"in
"WORK SUPPORT" mode.
3. Touch "START".
4. Check ignition timingatidle
using timing light.

Ignition timing:
15°::f:2° BTDC

~ 1Warm upengine sufficiently.

~ 2:
Stop engine anddisconnect
throttle position sensorhar-
ness connector.
3. Start engine.
4. Check ignition timingatidle
using timing light.

Ignition timing:
15°::f:2° BTDC
OK

(Go to
@
onnext page.) Adjust
ignition timingby
turning distributor.

EC-271

I!]
CHECK IDLEADJ. SCREW INITIALSET
NG
Adjust engine speedby

---..

RPM.
turningidleadjusting

00
1.
Select "IGNTIMING ADJ"in screw.
"WORK SUPPORT" mode.
2. When touching "START",
does engine speedfallto
750:!: 50rpm
(AfT
in
"N"
posi-
tion)?
OR

00
Does
engine runat750:!: 50rpm

(AfT
In
"N"
position)?
OK
Reconnect throttleposition sensorhar-
ness connector.

Ii
CHECK THROTTLE POSITIONSENSOR
NG
Adjust outputvoltage to

IDLE POSITION.
---..

0.50Vbyrotating throttle

00
1.
Perform ''THRTLPOSSEN
positionsensorbody.
ADJ" in"WORK SUPPORT"

1

mode.
2. Check thatoutput voltage of

RESETIDLEPOSITION

throttle position sensoris

MEMORY.

approx. 0.35to0.65V (Throttle
1.Warm upengine suffi-
valve fullycloses.) and"CLSD ciently.
2. Turn ignition switch
THLIPOSI" stays"ON".
"OFF"andwait at
OR least5seconds.

00
Measure
outputvoltage ofthrot- 3.
Disconnect throttle
position sensorhar-
tie position sensorusing
nessconnector.
voltmeter, andcheck thatitis

4.
Start engine andwait
approx. 0.35toO.65V. (Throttle at
least 5seconds in
"N" position.
valve fullyclosed.)
5.Reconnect throttle
OK • position
sensorhar-
ness connector while
running engine.
~
1

,

THRTL
POSSEN O,52V

SEF165P

•••
ADJMONITOR •••

TROUBLE
DIAGNOSIS -General Description
Basic Inspection (Cont'd)

@

========
MONITOR
========

CMPS.RPM (REF)Orpm
CLSDTHUP ON

Ii
•
THRTL POSSENADJ
.0

I!]

•IGN TIMING ADJ.

0

IGNITION TIMINGFEEDBACK
CONTROL WILLBEHELD BY
TOUCHING START
AFTER DOING SO,ADJUST
IGNITION TIMINGWITHA
TIMING LIGHTBYTURNING
THE CAMSHAFT POSITION
SENSOR

I
START

I

SEF546N

CID

(Go tonext page)

EC-272

TROUBLEDIAGNOSIS -General Description
CONSULT Reference ValueinData Monitor
Mode

Remarks:
• Specification dataarereference values.
• Specification dataareoutput/input valueswhicharedetected orsupplied bythe ECM atthe connec-
tor.

*
Specification datamaynotbedirectly relatedtotheir components signals/values/operations.
(Le., Adjust ignition timingwithatiming lightbefore monitoring IGNTIMING. Specification datamight
be displayed evenwhen ignition timingisnot adjusted tospecification. ThisIGNTIMING moni-
tors thedata calculated bythe ECM according tothe input signals fromthecamshaft position
sensor andother ignition timingrelated sensors.)
• Ifthe real-time diagnosis resultsareNG, andtheon-board diagnostic systemresultsareOK, when •
diagnosing themass airflow sensor, firstcheck tosee ifthe fuel pump control circuitisnormal.

MONITOR ITEM CONDITION
SPECIFICATION
CMPS.RPM (REF)•
Tachometer: Connect Almostthesame speed asthe CON-
• Run engine andcompare tachometer indicationwiththeCONSULT value.SULTvalue.
• Engine: Afterwarming up
Idle 1.3-1.7V
MAS AIR/FL SE •
Air conditioner switch:OFF
• Shift lever: "N"
• No-load 2,000
rpm 1.7-2.1V
COOLAN TEMPIS •
Engine: Afterwarming up More
than70°C (15S0F)
02 SEN 0-
0.3V .....0.6 -1.0V
• Engine: Afterwarming up Maintaining
enginespeedat2,000
LEAN
+-->
RICH
MIR
FIC
MNT rpm
Changesmorethan5times
during 10seconds.
VHCL SPEED SE•
Turn drive wheels andcompare speedometer indicationwiththeCONSULT Almostthesame speed as
value the
CONSULT value
BATTERY VOLT •
Ignition switch:ON(Engine stopped) 11
-14V
• Ignition switch:ON Throttle
valvefullyclosed
0.35-0.65V
THRTL
pas
SEN
(Enginestopped)
Throttlevalvefullyopened Approx.4.0V
START SIGNAL •
Ignition switch:ON
->
START
->
ON OFF

->
ON
->
OFF
Throttle valve:
ON
• Ignition switch:ON Idle
position
CLSD THLIPOSI
(Enginestopped)
Throttlevalve:
Slightly open OFF
Air conditioner switch:OFF OFF
AIR COND SIG •
Engine: Afterwarming up,idle the
engine Air
conditioner switch:ON
ON
(Compressor operates)
Shift lever "P"or"N" ON
PIN POSI SW •
Ignition switch:ON
Exceptabove OFF

EC-277

TROUBLEDIAGNOSIS FOROTC11

Rotor plate

SEF6138

180
0
signal slitfor NO.1 cylinder

\\\\""I"~'11111
1
0
signal slit

\\\\\ d'"
/11;
:£

';\'0\
I//..;:

#'
/%

$ ~
180
0
signal slit

f
0
%

o
Camshaft
PositionSensor(CMPS)

The camshaft positionsensorisabasic component ofthe
ECCS. Itmonitors enginespeedandpiston position. These
input signals tothe ECM areused tocontrol fuelinjection, igni-
tion timing andother functions.
The camshaft positionsensorhasarotor plate andawave-
forming circuit.Therotor plate has360slits fora
1"
(POS) sig-
nal and 4slits fora180
0
(REF) signal. Thewave-forming circuit
consists ofLight Emitting Diodes(LED)andphoto diodes.
The rotor plate ispositioned betweentheLED andthephoto
diode. TheLED transmits lighttothe photo diode. Asthe rotor
plate turns, theslits cutthe light togenerate rough-shaped •
pulses. Thesepulses areconverted intoon-off signals bythe
wave-forming circuitandsent tothe ECM.

Rotor plate

SEF8638

Diagnostic
Trouble Code

No.

11
Malfunction
isdetected when....
• Either 1
0
or 180
0
signal isnot sent toECM forthe
first fewseconds duringengine cranking.
• Either
r
or 180" signal isnot sent toECM often
enough whiletheengine speedishigher thanthe
specified enginespeed.
~
• The relation between rand180
0
signal isnot in
the normal rangeduring thespecified engine
speed. Check
Items
(Possible Cause)
• Harness orconnectors
(The camshaft positionsensorcircuitisopen or
shorted.)
• Camshaft positionsensor
• Starter motor(Refer toEL section.)
• Starting systemcircuit(RefertoEL section.)
• Dead (Weak) battery

3)

@

1)
2)
DIAGNOSTIC
TROUBLECODECONFIRMATION
PROCEDURE

rif\
1)Turn ignition switch"ON"andselect "DATA
~ MONITOR" modewithCONSULT.
2) Start engine andrunitfor atleast 2seconds atidle
speed.

---------- OR----------

Start engine andrunitfor atleast 2seconds atidle
speed.
Turn ignition switch"OFF", waitatleast 7seconds
and then turn"ON".
Perform "Diagnostic TestMode II"(Self-diagnostic
results) withECM.

EC-289

CYLINDERHEAD
ill]

Assembly (Cont'd)

10. Install valvecomponent parts.

• Install valves withlarger diameter headonthe intake side.

•

Wide pitch
Narrow pitch
Paint mark
Cylinder headside
SEM085D•
Always usenew valve oilseal.
Refer toOIL SEAL REPLACEMENT.
• Before installing valveoilseal, install valvespring seat.
.' Install valvespring (uneven pitchtype) withitsnarrow
pitched sidetoward cylinder headside(paint mark).
• After installing valvecomponent parts,tapvalve stemtip
with plastic hammer toassure aproper fit.

11. Check hydraulic lashadjusters.
a. Push rocker armathydraulic lashadjuster location, andsee
if rocker armmoves. Ifitmoves atleast 1mm (0.04 in),it
indicates thatthere isair inthe high pressure chamber.
Noise willbeemitted fromhydraulic lashadjuster ifengine
is started without bleeding air.
b. Remove hydraulic lashadjuster anddipinacontainer filled
with engine oil.While pushing plungerasshown infigure,
lightly pushcheck ballusing athin rod. Airiscompletely
bled when plunger nolonger moves.

Air cannot bebled from thistype oflash adjuster byrunning the
engine.
SEM093D
• rEngine oil

- - , t-=1=i

Proper
rod
SEM772C
Rocker arm9UVide
Rock~rarm
Shim
Hydraulic
I

.,h
.dj"'"
i\\ j
12.
Install rocker arms,shims, rockerarmguides andhydrau-
lic lash adjusters.

CAUTION: Install allparts intheir original positions.
SEM202D EM-95

HOWTOPERFORM EFFICIENT DIAGNOSIS FORANELECTRICAL INCIDENT
Incident Simulation Tests
INTRODUCTION

Sometimes thesymptom isnot present whenthevehicle isbrought infor service.
If
possible, re-create
the conditions presentatthe time ofthe incident. Doingsomay help avoid aNo Trouble FoundDiag-
nosis. Thefollowing sectionillustrates waystosimulate theconditionslenvironment underwhich the
owner experiences anelectrical incident.
The section isbroken intothesixfollowing topics:
• Vehicle vibration
• Heat sensitive
• Freezing
• Water intrusion
• Electrical load
• Cold orhot start up
Get athorough description ofthe incident fromthecustomer. Itis important forsimulating thecondi-
tions ofthe problem.

VEHICLE VIBRATION

The problem mayoccur orbecome worsewhiledriving onarough roadorwhen engine isvibrating
(idle with
AIC
on). Insuch acase, youwillwant tocheck foravibration relatedcondition. Refertothe
illustration below.

Connectors
&
harness

Determine whichconnectors andwiring harness wouldaffecttheelectrical systemyouareinspecting.

Gently
shakeeachconnector andharness whilemonitoring thesystem forthe incident youaretrying
to duplicate. Thistestmay indicate aloose orpoor electrical connection.

Hint

Connectors canbeexposed tomoisture. Itis possible toget athin film ofcorrosion onthe connector
terminals. Avisual inspection maynotreveal thiswithout disconnecting theconnector. Ifthe problem
occurs intermittently, perhapstheproblem iscaused bycorrosion. Itis agood ideatodisconnect, inspect
and clean theterminals onrelated connectors inthe system.

Sensors
&
relays
Gently
applyaslight vibration tosensors andrelays inthe system youareinspecting.
This testmay indicate aloose orpoorly mounted sensororrelay.
•

Vibration test

Bendgently.

GI-19
Tap
gently.

8GI839

SAEJ1930 TERMINOLOGY LIST
SAE J1930 Terminology List(Cont'd)
***:
Not applicable
NEW TERM NEW
ACRONYM /
OLDTERM
ABBREVIATION
Evaporative emissioncanisterpurgecontrol EVAPcanister purgecon-
Canister purgecutvalve
valve trol
valve
Evaporative emissioncanisterventcontrol EVAPcanister ventcontrol

***

valve valve
Evaporative emissioncanisterpurgevolume EVAPcanister purgevol-
Canister purgecontrol valve
control valve ume
control valve
Evaporative emissioncontrolsystem pressure EVAP
control system pres-

***

sensor suresensor
Evaporative emissionshutvalve EVAP
shutvalve Shutoffvalve
Evaporative emissionsystem EVAPsystem Evaporative
emissioncontrolsystem
Exhaust gasrecirculation valve EGR
valve EGRvalve
Exhaust gasrecirculation control-BPTvalveEGRC-BPT valve BPT
valve
Exhaust gasrecirculation control-solenoid
EGRC-solenoidvalveEGR
control solenoid valve
valve
Exhaust gasrecirculation temperaturesensorEGRtemperature sensorExhaustgastemperature sensor
Flash electrically erasableprogrammable
FEEPROM
***

read onlymemory
Flash erasable programmable readonly
FEPROM
**.

memory
Flexible fuelsensor FFS
***

Flexible fuelsystem
FFsystem
***

Heated Oxygen sensor H02SExhaustgassensor
Idle aircontrol system lACsystem Idlespeed control
Idle aircontrol valve-air regulator IACV-airregulator Airregulator
Idle aircontrol valve-auxiliary aircontrol
IACV-AACvalve Auxiliaryaircontrol (AAC)valve
valve
Idle aircontrol valve-FICO solenoidvalve
IACV-FICDsolenoidvalve FICOsolenoid valve
Idle aircontrol valve-idle upcontrol solenoid IACV-idleupcontrol sole-
Idleupcontrol solenoid valve
valve noidvalve
Idle speed control-FI pot ISC-FIpot FIpot
Idle speed control system ISCsystem
***

Ignition controlmodule ICM
***

Indirect fuelinjection system IFIsystem
***

Intake airtemperature sensor IATS Airtemperature sensor
Knock
***

Detonation
Knock sensor
KSDetonation
sensor
Malfunction indicatorlamp MIL
Checkengine light
Manifold absolutepressure MAP
***

Manifold absolutepressure/Barometric pres-MAP/BARO switchsolenoid

***

sure switch solenoid valve valve
Manifold absolutepressure sensor MAPS
**.

Manifold differential pressure MOP
***

Manifold differential pressuresensor MOPS
***
GI-46

PRE-DELIVERYINSPECTIONITEMS
Shown belowarePre-delivery InspectionItemsrequired forthe new vehicle. Itis recommended that
necessary itemsotherthanthose listedherebeadded, payingdueregard tothe conditions ineach
country.

Perform applicable itemsoneach model. Consult textofthis section forspecifications .

UNDER HOOD-engine off

o
Radiator coolantlevelandcoolant hosecon-
nections forleaks

o
Battery fluidlevel, specific gravityandcondi-
tions ofbattery terminals

o
Drive beltstension

D
Fuel filter forwater ordusts, andfuel lines
and connections forleaks
[] Engine oillevel andoilleaks

D
Clutch andbrake reservoir fluidlevel and
fluid lines forleaks

o
Windshield andrear window washerand
headlamp cleanerreservoir fluidlevel

D
Power steering reservoir fluidlevel andhose
connections forleaks

ON INSIDE ANDOUTSIDE

D
Remove frontspring/strut spacer(Ifapplica-
ble)

D
Operation ofall instruments, gauges,lights
and accessories

o
Operation ofhorn(s), wiperandwasher
[] Steering lockforoperation
[] Check airconditioner forgas leaks

o
Front andrear seats, andseat belts foroper-
ation

n
All moldings, trimsandfittings forfitand
alignment

[J
Allwindows foroperation andalignment

n
Hood, trunklid,door panels forfitand align-
ment

[1
Latches, keysandlocks foroperation

rl
Weatherstrips foradhesion andfit

[l
Headlamp aiming
I~ Tighten wheelnuts(Inc. inner nutsifapplica-
ble)
IJ Tire pressure (Inc.spare tire)

Il
Check frontwheels fortoe-in
IJ Install clock/voltmeter/room lampfuse(If
applicable)
~ Install deodorizing filtertoair purifier (If
applicable)
~ Remove wiperbladeprotectors (Ifapplicable)
UNDER
BODY

o
Manual transmission/transaxle, transferand
differential gearoillevel

D
Brake andfuel lines andoil/fluid reservoirs
for leaks

D
Tighten boltsandnuts ofsteering linkageand
gear box,suspension, propellershaftsand
drive shafts
~ Tighten rearbody boltsandnuts (Models with
wooden bedonly)

ROAD TEST

D
Clutch operation

D
Parking brakeoperation

[J
Service brakeoperation

D
Automatic transmission/transaxle shifttiming
and kickdown
[] Steering controlandreturnability

o
Engine performance

D
Squeaks andrattles

ENGINE OPERATING ANDHOT

D
Adjust idlemixture andspeed (andignition
timing*1)

n
Automatic transmission/transaxle fluidlevel
~ Engine idlingandstop knob operation (Diesel
only)

FINAL INSPECTION

n
Install necessary parts(outside mirror,wheel
covers, seatbelts, mat,carpet ormud flaps)

[1
Inspect forinterior andexterior metaland
paint damage
[] Check forspare tire,jack, tools (wheel
chock), andliterature

n
Wash, cleaninterior andexterior

"1: Not required onmodels withadirect ignition system
~ :Not appiicable tothis model.
•

MA-5