engine control NISSAN TERRANO 2002 Service Manual PDF

Fuel Injection Control System
DESCRIPTION
System description
Three types of fuel injection control are provided to accommodate engine operating conditions; normal control,
idle control and start control. The ECM determines the appropriate fuel injection control. Under each control,
the amount of fuel injected is compensated to improve engine performance.
Pulse signals are exchanged between ECM and electronic control fuel injection pump (control unit is built-in).
The fuel injection pump control unit performs duty control on the spill valve (built into the fuel injection pump)
according to the input signals to compensate the amount of fuel injected to the preset value.
Start control
Input/output signal chart
Sensor Input Signal to ECM ECM Function Actuator
Engine coolant temperature sensor Engine coolant temperature
Fuel injection con-
trol (start control)Electronic control fuel injec-
tion pump Crankshaft position sensor (TDC) Engine speed
Ignition switch Start signal
When the ECM receives a start signal from the ignition switch, the
ECM adapts the fuel injection system for the start control. The
amount of fuel injected at engine starting is a preset program value
in the ECM. The program is determined by the engine speed and
engine coolant temperature.
For better startability under cool engine conditions, the lower the
coolant temperature becomes, the greater the amount of fuel
injected. The ECM ends the start control when the engine speed
reaches the specific value, and shifts the control to the normal or
idle control.
Idle control
Input/output signal chart
Sensor Input Signal to ECM ECM Function Actuator
Engine coolant temperature sensor Engine coolant temperature
Fuel injection con-
trol (Idle control)Electronic control fuel injec-
tion pump Crankshaft position sensor (TDC) Engine speed
Park/Neutral position (PNP) switch Gear position
Battery Battery voltage
Accelerator position switch Idle position
Vehicle speed sensor Vehicle speed
Air conditioner switch Air conditioner signal
Heat up switch Heat up switch signal
When the ECM determines that the engine speed is at idle, the fuel injection system is adapted for the idle
control. The ECM regulates the amount of fuel injected corresponding to changes in load applied to the engine
to keep engine speed constant. The ECM also provides the system with a fast idle control in response to the
engine coolant temperature and heat up switch signal.
SEF648S
ENGINE AND EMISSION BASIC CONTROL SYSTEM
DESCRIPTIONZD30DDTi
EC-20

Normal control
Input/output signal chart
Sensor Input Signal to ECM ECM Function Actuator
Crankshaft position sensor (TDC) Engine speed
Fuel injection con-
trol (Normal con-
trol)Electronic control fuel injec-
tion pump Accelerator position sensor Accelerator position
Vehicle speed sensor Vehicle speed
The amount of fuel injected under normal driving conditions is
determined according to sensor signals. The crankshaft position
sensor (TDC) detects engine speed and the accelerator position
sensor detects accelerator position. These sensors send signals to
the ECM.
The fuel injection data, predetermined by correlation between vari-
ous engine speeds and accelerator positions, are stored in the
ECM memory, forming a map. The ECM determines the optimal
amount of fuel to be injected using the sensor signals in compari-
son with the map.
Maximum amount control
Input/output signal chart
Sensor Input Signal to ECM ECM Function Actuator
Mass air flow sensor Amount of intake air
Fuel injection con-
trol (Maximum
amount control)Electronic control fuel injec-
tion pump Engine coolant temperature sensor Engine coolant temperature
Crankshaft position sensor (TDC) Engine speed
Accelerator position sensor Accelerator position
The maximum injection amount is controlled to an optimum by the engine speed, intake air amount, engine
coolant temperature, and accelerator opening in accordance with the driving conditions.
This prevents the oversupply of the injection amount caused by decreased air density at a high altitude or
during a system failure.
Deceleration control
Input/output signal chart
Sensor Input Signal to ECM ECM Function Actuator
Accelerator switch (F/C) Accelerator positionFuel injection con-
trol (Deceleration
control)Electronic control fuel injec-
tion pump
Crankshaft position sensor (TDC) Engine speed
The ECM sends a fuel cut signal to the electronic control fuel injection pump during deceleration for better
fuel efficiency. The ECM determines the time of deceleration according to signals from the accelerator switch
(F/C) and crankshaft position sensor (TDC).
SEF649S
ENGINE AND EMISSION BASIC CONTROL SYSTEM
DESCRIPTIONZD30DDTi
Fuel Injection Control System (Cont'd)
EC-21

Fuel Injection Timing Control System
DESCRIPTION
The target fuel injection timing in accordance with the engine speed and the fuel injection amount are recorded
as a map in the ECM beforehand. The ECM and the injection pump control unit exchange signals and per-
form feedback control for optimum injection timing in accordance with the map.
Air Conditioning Cut Control
DESCRIPTION
Input/output signal chart
Sensor Input Signal to ECM ECM Function Actuator
Air conditioner switch Air conditioner ªONº signal
Air conditioner cut
controlAir conditioner relay Accelerator position sensorAccelerator valve opening
angle
Vehicle speed sensor Vehicle speed
Engine coolant temperature sensor Engine coolant temperature
System description
This system improves acceleration when the air conditioner is used.
When the accelerator pedal is fully depressed, the air conditioner is turned off for a few seconds.
When engine coolant temperature becomes excessively high, the air conditioner is turned off. This continues
until the engine coolant temperature returns to normal.
Fuel Cut Control (at no load & high engine
speed)
DESCRIPTION
Input/output signal chart
Sensor Input Signal to ECM ECM Function Actuator
Vehicle speed sensor Vehicle speed
Fuel cut controlElectronic control fuel injec-
tion pump Park/Neutral position (PNP) switch Neutral position
Accelerator position switch or Accelerator
switch (F/C)Accelerator position
Engine coolant temperature sensor Engine coolant temperature
Crankshaft position sensor (TDC) Engine speed
If the engine speed is above 2,700 rpm with no load (for example, in neutral and engine speed over 2,700
rpm) fuel will be cut off after some time. The exact time when the fuel is cut off varies based on engine speed.
Fuel cut will operate until the engine speed reaches 1,500 rpm, then fuel cut is cancelled.
NOTE:
This function is different from deceleration control listed under ªFuel Injection Control Systemº, EC-20.
ENGINE AND EMISSION BASIC CONTROL SYSTEM
DESCRIPTIONZD30DDTi
EC-22

Crankcase Ventilation System
DESCRIPTION
In this system, blow-by gas is sucked into the air inlet pipe after oil
separation by oil separator in the rocker cover.
INSPECTION
Ventilation hose
1. Check hoses and hose connections for leaks.
2. Disconnect all hoses and clean with compressed air. If any
hose cannot be freed of obstructions, replace.
JEF224Z
SEC692
ENGINE AND EMISSION BASIC CONTROL SYSTEM
DESCRIPTIONZD30DDTi
EC-23

REMOVAL
1. Remove the following:
IEngine coolant draining
ICharge air cooler
IAir inlet pipe
IThrottle body
IRocker cover
IOil level gauge guide
IEGR cooler
IEGR guide tube
IEGR volume control solenoid valve
IFuel hose
IInjection tube
IRadiator upper hose
IRadiator shroud
ICooling fan
IDrive belt
IVacuum pipe
IVacuum pump
2. Move the power steering pump.
3. Remove the harness connector from the fuel injection pump.
IAfter pulling the connector stopper all the way back, remove the
connector.
IWhen the stopper is pulled all the way back, the interlocked-
connector will come off.
As for installation, when the connector is pushed all the way
forward until the stopper locks, the interlocked-connector is
inserted.
4. Remove the fuel injection pump rear bracket.
5. Remove the chain cover.
IRemove the installation bolts A, B, and C shown in the figure
(left).
CAUTION:
During chain cover removal, seal the opening to prevent for-
eign objects from getting into the engine.
6. Fix the internal mechanism of the idler gear (scissors gear
structure).
a. Remove the plug on the front side of the gear case.
b. While turning the crankshaft pulley clockwise, check the tight-
ening bolt hole of the idler gear internal mechanism through the
plug hole.
IConduct the visual check using a mirror.
IWhen checking, note that there are 2 other holes (with no
thread) beside the tightening bolt hole on the idler gear.
JEF260Z
JEF261Z
JEF262Z
BASIC SERVICE PROCEDUREZD30DDTi
Electronic Control Fuel Injection Pump (Cont'd)
EC-28

13. Make the mating marks on the fuel injection pump flange and
front plate with paint.
14. Remove installation bolts first, and then fuel injection pump
toward the rear side of the engine.
IWhen the fuel injection pump is stationary, it can still be
retained by the dowel without all bolts.
CAUTION:
Do not disassemble or adjust the fuel injection pump.
INSTALLATION
IThe injection timing adjustment to correct the installation angle
deviation is not necessary. Install the pump in the proper posi-
tion according to the dowel and installation bolts.
1. Install the fuel injection pump from the rear side of the engine.
IMatch the dowel of the spacer to the dowel hole of the pump
side for installation.
IReplace the seal washer of the installation bolt with a new one.
2. Align the mating marks of the fuel injection pump flange and
front plate, and then adjust the approximate flange position.
IEach hole [6 mm (0.24 in) dia.] is used as a reference point for
the fuel injection pump flange, fuel injection pump gear, and fuel
injection pump sprocket.
IOnly during removal/installation at No. 1 cylinder compression
top dead center, can the hole [6 mm (0.24 in) dia.] of the pump
body be aligned.
3. Install the fuel injection pump sprocket and gear as an assem-
bly.
IAlign the mating marks of the idler gear and fuel injection pump
gear properly.
4. Tighten the installation bolt of the fuel injection pump sprocket.
IFix the fuel injection pump gear with the pulley holder (SST),
and tighten the installation bolt.
CAUTION:
Before tightening the installation bolt, check again that the
mating marks of the idler gear and fuel injection pump gear are
aligned.
JEF268Z
JEF269Z
JEF270Z
JEF271Z
JEF267Z
BASIC SERVICE PROCEDUREZD30DDTi
Electronic Control Fuel Injection Pump (Cont'd)
EC-30

ENGINE CONTROL COMPONENT PARTS/CONTROL
SYSTEMS APPLICATION
ItemDIAGNOSTIC TEST MODE
SELF-DIAG
RESULTSDATA MONI-
TORACTIVE
TEST
ENGINE CONTROL COMPONENT PARTS
INPUTEngine coolant temperature sensor X X
Vehicle speed sensor X X
Accelerator position sensor X X X
Accelerator position switch X X
Accelerator switch (F/C) X X
Crankshaft position sensor (TDC) X X
Ignition switch (start signal) X
Park/Neutral position (PNP) switch X
Battery voltage X
Air conditioner switch X
Mass air flow sensor X X
Stop lamp switch X X
Heat up switch X
Charge air pressure sensor X
OUTPUTGlow relayXX
EGR volume control valve X X X
Cooling fan relay X X X
Air conditioner relay X
Variable nozzle turbocharger control solenoid valve X
Swirl control valve control solenoid valve X X
X: Applicable
SELF-DIAGNOSTIC MODE
Regarding items detected in ªSELF-DIAG RESULTSº mode,
refer to ªTROUBLE DIAGNOSIS Ð INDEXº, EC-7.
DATA MONITOR MODE
Monitored item
[Unit]ECM
input
signalsMain
signalsDescription Remarks
CKPS×RPM (TDC)
[rpm]qqIThe engine speed computed from the
crankshaft position sensor (TDC) signal
is displayed.
CMPS×RPM×PUMP
[rpm]qqIThe engine speed computed from the
pulse signal sent from electronic control
fuel injection pump is displayed.
COOLAN TEMP/S
[ÉC] or [ÉF]
qqIThe engine coolant temperature (deter-
mined by the signal voltage of the engine
coolant temperature sensor) is displayed.IWhen the engine coolant temperature
sensor is open or short-circuited, ECM
enters fail-safe mode. The engine cool-
ant temperature determined by the ECM
is displayed.
VHCL SPEED SE
[km/h] or [mph]qqIThe vehicle speed computed from the
vehicle speed sensor signal is displayed.
ON BOARD DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM DESCRIPTIONZD30DDTi
CONSULT-II (Cont'd)
EC-40

Monitored item
[Unit]ECM
input
signalsMain
signalsDescription Remarks
FUEL TEMP SEN
[ÉC] or [ÉF]qqIThe fuel temperature (sent from elec-
tronic control fuel injection pump) is dis-
played.
ACCEL POS SEN [V]
qqIThe accelerator position sensor signal
voltage is displayed.
FULL ACCEL SW
[ON/OFF]qqIIndicates [ON/OFF] condition from the
accelerator position switch signal.
ACCEL SW (FC)
[OPEN/CLOSE]qqIIndicates [OPEN/CLOSE] condition from
the accelerator switch (FC) signal.
OFF ACCEL SW
[ON/OFF]qqIIndicates [ON/OFF] condition from the
accelerator position switch signal.
SPILL/V [ÉCA]
qIThe control position of spill valve (sent
from electronic control fuel injection
pump) is displayed.
BATTERY VOLT [V]
qqIThe power supply voltage of ECM is dis-
played.
P/N POSI SW
[ON/OFF]qqIIndicates [ON/OFF] condition from the
park/neutral position switch signal.
START SIGNAL
[ON/OFF]qqIIndicates [ON/OFF] condition from the
starter signal.IAfter starting the engine, [OFF] is dis-
played regardless of the starter signal.
AIR COND SIG
[ON/OFF]qqIIndicates [ON/OFF] condition of the air
conditioner switch as determined by the
air conditioner signal.
BRAKE SW [ON/OFF]
qqIIndicates [ON/OFF] condition from the
stop lamp switch signal.
IGN SW
[ON/OFF]qqIIndicates [ON/OFF] condition from igni-
tion switch signal.
WARM UP SW
[ON/OFF]qIIndicates [ON/OFF] condition from the
heat up switch signal.
MAS AIR/FL SE [V]
qqIThe signal voltage of the mass air flow
sensor is displayed.IWhen the engine is stopped, a certain
value is indicated.
DECELER F/CUT
[ON/OFF]qIThe [ON/OFF] condition from decelera-
tion fuel cut signal (sent from electronic
control fuel injection pump) is displayed.
INJ TIMG C/V [%]
qIThe duty ratio of fuel injection timing
control valve (sent from electronic control
fuel injection pump) is displayed.
AIR COND RLY
[ON/OFF]qIIndicates the control condition of the air
conditioner relay (determined by ECM
according to the input signals).
GLOW RLY [ON/OFF]
qIThe glow relay control condition (deter-
mined by ECM according to the input
signal) is displayed.
COOLING FAN
[ON/OFF]
qIIndicates the control condition of the
cooling fans (determined by ECM
according to the input signal).
ION ... Operates.
OFF ... Stopped.
ON BOARD DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM DESCRIPTIONZD30DDTi
CONSULT-II (Cont'd)
EC-41

ACTIVE TEST MODE
TEST ITEM CONDITION JUDGEMENT CHECK ITEM (REMEDY)
COOLING FANIIgnition switch: ON
IOperate the cooling fan at
ªLOWº, ªHIº speed and turn
ªOFFº using CONSULT-II.Cooling fan moves at ªLOWº, ªHIº
speed and stops.IHarness and connector
ICooling fan motor
ICooling fan relay
OFF ACCEL PO
SIGIClears the self-learning fully closed accelerator position, detected by accelerator position sensor, from the
ECM.
GLOW RLYIIgnition switch: ON (Engine
stopped)
ITurn the glow relay ªONº and
ªOFFº using CONSULT-II and
listen to operating sound.Glow relay makes the operating
sound.IHarness and connector
IGlow relay
INJ TIMING*IEngine: Return to the original
trouble condition
IRetard the injection timing using
CONSULT-II.If trouble symptom disappears, see
CHECK ITEM.IElectronic control fuel injection
pump
SWIRL CONT S/V1IIgnition switch: ON
ITurn solenoid valve ªONº and
ªOFFº with the CONSULT-II and
listen to operating sound.Solenoid valve makes an operating
sound.IHarness and connector
ISolenoid valve
EGR VOL CONT/VIIgnition switch: ON
IChange EGR volume control
valve opening step using CON-
SULT-II.EGR volume control valve makes
an operating sound.IHarness and connector
IEGR volume control valve
*: When using this item, DTC 0707 ªP7×F/INJ TIMG FBº may be detected. If so, erase it because it is not a malfunction.
ON BOARD DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM DESCRIPTIONZD30DDTi
CONSULT-II (Cont'd)
EC-43

Introduction
The engine has an ECM to control major systems such as fuel
injection control, fuel injection timing control, glow control system,
etc. The ECM accepts input signals from sensors and instantly
drives electronic control fuel injection pump. It is essential that both
input and output signals are proper and stable. At the same time,
it is important that there are no problems such as vacuum leaks,
or other problems with the engine.
It is much more difficult to diagnose a problem that occurs intermit-
tently rather than continuously. Most intermittent problems are
caused by poor electric connections or improper wiring. In this
case, careful checking of suspected circuits may help prevent the
replacement of good parts.
A visual check only may not find the cause of the problems. A road
test with CONSULT-II or a circuit tester connected should be per-
formed. Follow the ªWork Flowº, EC-48.
Before undertaking actual checks, take a few minutes to talk with
a customer who approaches with a driveability complaint. The cus-
tomer can supply good information about such problems, especially
intermittent ones. Find out what symptoms are present and under
what conditions they occur. A ªDiagnostic Worksheetº like the
example on next page should be used.
Start your diagnosis by looking for ªconventionalº problems first.
This will help troubleshoot driveability problems on an electronically
controlled engine vehicle.
DIAGNOSTIC WORKSHEET
There are many operating conditions that lead to the malfunction
of engine components. A good grasp of such conditions can make
troubleshooting faster and more accurate.
In general, each customer feels differently about a problem. It is
important to fully understand the symptoms or conditions for a
customer complaint.
Utilize a diagnostic worksheet like the one shown below in order to
organize all the information for troubleshooting.
SEF858S
SEF233G
SEF234G
SEF907L
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS Ð INTRODUCTIONZD30DDTi
EC-46