torque RAM 1500 2023 Owners Manual

7
TIRES ................................................................................. 370Tire Safety Information ............................................ 370
Tires — General Information .................................... 377
Tire Types................................................................... 380
Spare Tires — If Equipped ........................................ 381Wheel And Wheel Trim Care .................................... 383
Snow Traction Devices ............................................ 384
Tire Rotation Recommendations ............................ 386
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION UNIFORM
TIRE QUALITY GRADES .................................................. 386 Treadwear .................................................................. 386
Traction Grades ......................................................... 387
Temperature Grades................................................. 387
STORING THE VEHICLE ................................................... 387
BODYWORK ...................................................................... 388 Protection From Atmospheric Agents ..................... 388
Body And Underbody Maintenance ......................... 388Preserving The Bodywork ......................................... 388
INTERIORS ....................................................................... 390 Seats And Fabric Parts ............................................. 390
Plastic And Coated Parts .......................................... 390
Leather Surfaces....................................................... 391Glass Surfaces ......................................................... 391TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN)..................... 392
BRAKE SYSTEM .............................................................. 392
WHEEL AND TIRE TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS ............. 392 Torque Specifications .............................................. 392
FUEL REQUIREMENTS .................................................... 393 3.6L Engine .............................................................. 393
5.7L Engine ............................................................... 393Reformulated Gasoline ........................................... 393Materials Added To Fuel ......................................... 393
Gasoline/Oxygenate Blends ................................... 394Do Not Use E-85 In Non-Flex Fuel Vehicles ............ 394
CNG And LP Fuel System Modifications.................. 394
Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese
Tricarbonyl (MMT) In Gasoline ................................. 394
Fuel System Cautions ............................................... 394
FLUID CAPACITIES .......................................................... 395
ENGINE FLUIDS AND LUBRICANTS .............................. 396
CHASSIS FLUIDS AND LUBRICANTS ............................ 397
CUSTOMER ASSISTANCE
SUGGESTIONS FOR OBTAINING SERVICE FOR YOUR
VEHICLE ............................................................................398 Prepare For The Appointment .................................. 398
Prepare A List ............................................................ 398Be Reasonable With Requests ................................. 398
IF YOU NEED ASSISTANCE .............................................398 Roadside Assistance ................................................. 398
FCA US LLC Customer Center ................................... 399
FCA Canada Inc. Customer Center........................... 399
Mexico ........................................................................ 399
Puerto Rico And US Virgin Islands............................ 399
Customer Assistance For The Hearing Or
Speech Impaired (TDD/TTY) ..................................... 400
Service Contract ....................................................... 400
WARRANTY INFORMATION.............................................400
MOPAR® PARTS ..............................................................400
REPORTING SAFETY DEFECTS ......................................401 In The 50 United States And Washington, D.C........ 401
In Canada................................................................... 401
PUBLICATION ORDER FORMS .......................................401
CHANGE OF OWNERSHIP OR ADDRESS.......................402
GENERAL INFORMATION................................................. 402

23_DT_OM_EN_USC_t.book Page 7

114GETTING TO KNOW YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL
Forward Collision Warning (FCW) Off
Indicator Light — If Equipped
This indicator light illuminates to indicate that
Forward Collision Warning is off.
NEUTRAL Indicator Light — If Equipped
This light alerts the driver that the 4WD power
transfer case is in the NEUTRAL mode and the
front and rear driveshafts are disengaged from
the powertrain.
Rear Axle Lock Indicator Light
This light indicates when the rear axle lock has
been activated.
Entry/Exit Indicator Light — If Equipped
This light will illuminate when the vehicle is
automatically lowered from ride height position
downward for easy entry and exit of the vehicle
Úpage 134.
TOW/HAUL Indicator Light
This indicator light will illuminate when TOW/
HAUL mode is selected.
Trailer Merge Assist Indicator Light —
If Equipped
This indicator light will illuminate to indicate
when Trailer Merge Assist has been activated
Úpage 269.
4WD Indicator Light — If Equipped
This light alerts the driver that the vehicle is in
the four-wheel drive mode, and the front and
rear driveshafts are mechanically locked
together forcing the front and rear wheels to
rotate at the same speed.
4WD Low Indicator Light — If Equipped
This light alerts the driver that the vehicle is in
the 4WD Low mode. The front and rear
driveshafts are mechanically locked together
forcing the front and rear wheels to rotate at
the same speed. Low range provides a greater gear
reduction ratio to provide increased torque at the wheels
Úpage 130.
4WD High Indicator Light — If Equipped
This light alerts the driver that the vehicle is in
the 4WD High mode. The front and rear
driveshafts are mechanically locked together
forcing the front and rear wheels to rotate at
the same speed.
GREEN INDICATOR LIGHTS
Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) Set With
Target Indicator Light — If Equipped
This will display when the ACC is set and a
vehicle in front is detected Úpage 145.
Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) Set With
No Target Detected Indicator Light —
If Equipped
This light will turn on when the ACC is SET and
there is no vehicle in front detected
Úpage 145.
ECO Mode Indicator Light
This light will turn on when ECO mode is active.
Front Fog Indicator Light — If Equipped
This indicator light will illuminate when the
front fog lights are on.

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GETTING TO KNOW YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL115
LaneSense Indicator Light — If Equipped
The LaneSense indicator light illuminates solid
green when both lane markings have been
detected and the system is “armed” and ready
to provide visual and torque warnings if an
unintentional lane departure occurs
Úpage 161.
Parking/Headlights On Indicator Light
This indicator light will illuminate when the
parking lights or headlights are turned on.
Turn Signal Indicator Lights
When the left or right turn signal is activated,
the turn signal indicator will flash
independently and the corresponding exterior
turn signal lamps will flash. Turn signals can be
activated when the multifunction lever is moved down
(left) or up (right).
NOTE:
 A continuous chime will sound if the vehicle is driven
more than 1 mile (1.6 km) with either turn signal on.
 Check for an inoperative outside light bulb if either indi -
cator flashes at a rapid rate.
 If equipped with fog lamps, the fog lamp on the side of
the activated turn signal will also illuminate to provide
additional light when turning.
Cruise Control SET Indicator Light —
If Equipped With Premium Instrument
Cluster Display
This light will turn on when the cruise control is
set Úpage 143.
Stop/Start Active Indicator Light —
If Equipped
This indicator light will illuminate when the
Stop/Start function is in “Autostop” mode
Úpage 141.
4WD AUTO Indicator Light — If Equipped
This light alerts the driver that the vehicle is in
the four-wheel drive auto mode, and the front
axle is engaged, but the vehicle's power is sent
to the rear wheels. Four-wheel drive will be
automatically engaged when the vehicle senses a loss of
traction
Úpage 130.
WHITE INDICATOR LIGHTS
Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) Ready
Indicator Light — If Equipped
This light will illuminate when the vehicle
equipped with ACC has been turned on but not
set
Úpage 145.
Cruise Control Ready Indicator Light
This indicator light will illuminate when the
cruise control is ready, but not set Úpage 143.
Selec-Speed Control (SSC) Indicator
Light — If Equipped
This indicator shows when the SSC feature is
turned on. The light will be on solid when SSC is
armed. SSC can only be armed when the
transfer case is in the “4WD Low” position and
the vehicle speed is less than 20 mph (32 km/h). If these conditions are not met while attempting to use the SSC
feature, the SSC indicator light will flash on/off.
3

23_DT_OM_EN_USC_t.book Page 115

130STARTING AND OPERATING
When to Use TOW/HAUL Mode
Select TOW/HAUL mode when driving in conditions such
as: driving in hilly areas, towing a trailer, carrying a heavy
load, etc. This mode will improve performance and reduce
the potential for transmission overheating or failure due to
excessive shifting.

TOW/HAUL Switch

The TOW/HAUL Indicator Light will illuminate in the
instrument cluster to indicate that TOW/HAUL mode has
been activated. Pushing the switch a second time restores
normal operation. Normal operation is always the default
at engine start-up. If TOW/HAUL mode is desired, the
switch must be pushed each time the engine is started.
FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE OPERATION —
IF EQUIPPED
FOUR-POSITION ELECTRONICALLY
S
HIFTED TRANSFER CASE —
I
F EQUIPPED
This is an electronic shift transfer case and is operated by
the 4WD Control Switch (Transfer Case Switch), located on
the instrument panel.

Four-Position/On-Demand Transfer Case

This electronically shifted transfer case provides four
positions:
 Two-Wheel Drive High Range (2WD) — This range is for
normal street and highway driving on dry hard surfaced
roads. Driving the vehicle in 2WD will have greater fuel
economy benefits as the front axle is not engaged in
2WD.
 Four-Wheel Drive High Range (4WD HIGH) — This range
provides torque to the front driveshaft (engages
four-wheel drive) which allows front and rear wheels to
spin at the same speed. This provides additional
traction for loose or slippery road surfaces only.
WARNING!
Do not use the TOW/HAUL feature when driving in icy or
slippery conditions. The increased engine braking can
cause the rear wheels to slide, and the vehicle to swing
around with the possible loss of vehicle control, which
may cause an accident possibly resulting in personal
injury or death.

23_DT_OM_EN_USC_t.book Page 130

STARTING AND OPERATING131
Four-Wheel Drive Low Range (4WD LOW) — This range
provides low speed four-wheel drive. It maximizes
torque (increased torque over 4WD HIGH) to the front
driveshaft; allowing front and rear wheels to rotate at
the same speed. This range provides additional trac -
tion and maximum pulling power for loose or slippery
road surfaces only. Do not exceed 25 mph (40 km/h)
in this range.
 N (Neutral) — This range disengages both the front and
rear driveshafts from the powertrain. To be used for flat
towing behind another vehicle
Úpage 187.
NOTE:
The 4WD HIGH and 4WD LOW positions are designed
for loose, slippery road surfaces only. Driving in the
4WD HIGH and 4WD LOW positions on dry, hard
surfaced roads may cause increased tire wear and
damage to the driveline components.
 The transfer case N (Neutral) button is located in the
center of the 4WD Control Switch and is pushed by
using a ballpoint pen or similar object. The transfer
case N (Neutral) position is to be used for recreational
towing only
Úpage 187.
Transfer Case Position Indicator Lights
The Transfer Case Position Indicator Lights (4WD HIGH
and 4WD LOW) are located in the instrument cluster and
indicate the current and desired transfer case selection.
When you select a different transfer case position, the
indicator lights will do the following:

1. The current position indicator light will turn off.

2. The selected position indicator light will flash until the transfer case completes the shift.
3. When the shift is complete, the indicator light for the selected position will stop flashing and remain on. If the transfer case does not shift into the desired position,
one or more of the following events may occur:

1. The indicator light for the current position will
remain on.

2. The newly selected position indicator light will continue to flash.
3. If the transfer case will not shift, a message will
appear on the cluster stating the 4WD shift has
canceled.NOTE:Before retrying a selection, make certain that all the
necessary requirements for selecting a new transfer case
position have been met. To retry the selection, push the
current position, wait five seconds, and retry selection.
The SERV 4WD Warning Light monitors the electronic shift
four-wheel drive system. If this light remains on after
engine start-up or illuminates during driving, it means that
the four-wheel drive system is not functioning properly and
that service is required.WARNING!
 You or others could be injured or killed if you leave
the vehicle unattended with the transfer case in the
N (Neutral) position without first fully engaging the
parking brake. The transfer case N (Neutral) position
disengages both the front and rear drive shaft from
the powertrain, and will allow the vehicle to roll, even
if the transmission is in PARK. The parking brake
should always be applied when the driver is not in the
vehicle.
 The transmission may not engage PARK if the vehicle
is moving. Always bring the vehicle to a complete
stop before shifting to PARK, and verify that the
transmission gear position indicator solidly indicates
PARK (P) without blinking. Ensure that the vehicle is
completely stopped, and the PARK position is prop -
erly indicated, before exiting the vehicle.
WARNING!
Always engage the parking brake when powering down
the vehicle if the SERV 4WD Warning Light is
illuminated. Not engaging the parking brake may allow
the vehicle to roll which may cause personal injury or
death.
4

23_DT_OM_EN_USC_t.book Page 131

132STARTING AND OPERATING
NOTE:Do not attempt to make a shift while only the front or rear
wheels are spinning. This could cause damage to driveline
components.
When operating your vehicle in 4WD LOW, the engine
speed is approximately three times that of the 2WD or
4WD HIGH positions at a given road speed. Take care not
to overspeed the engine and do not exceed 25 mph
(40 km/h).
Proper operation of four-wheel drive vehicles depends on
tires of equal size, type and circumference on each wheel.
Any difference in tire size can cause damage to the
drivetrain.
Because four-wheel drive provides improved traction,
there is a tendency to exceed safe turning and stopping
speeds. Do not go faster than road conditions permit.
Shifting Procedure
If any of the requirements to select a new transfer case
position have not been met, then the transfer case will
not shift. The position indicator light for the previous
position will remain on and the newly selected position
indicator light will continue to flash until all the require -
ments for the selected position have been met.
 If all the requirements to select a new transfer case
position have been met, then the current position indi -
cator light will turn off and the selected position indi -
cator light will flash until the transfer case completes
the shift. When the shift is complete, the position indi -
cator light for the selected position will stop flashing
and remain on.
FIVE-POSITION ELECTRONICALLY
S
HIFTED TRANSFER CASE —
I
F EQUIPPED
This is an electronic shift transfer case and is operated by
the 4WD Control Switch (Transfer Case Switch), which is
located on the instrument panel.

Five-Position/On-Demand Transfer Case
Five-Position/On-Demand Transfer Case — GT Models

This electronically shifted transfer case provides five
positions:
 Two-Wheel Drive High Range (2WD) — This range is for
normal street and highway driving on dry hard surfaced
roads. Driving the vehicle in 2WD will have greater fuel
economy benefits as the front axle is not engaged in
2WD.
 Four-Wheel Drive Automatic High Range (4WD AUTO) —
This range sends power to the front wheels automati -
cally when the vehicle senses a loss of traction. This
range may be used during varying road conditions.
 Four-Wheel Drive High Range (4WD HIGH) — This range
provides torque to the front driveshaft (engages
four-wheel drive) which allows front and rear wheels to
spin at the same speed. This provides additional trac -
tion for loose or slippery road surfaces only.
 Four-Wheel Drive Low Range (4WD LOW) — This range
provides low speed four-wheel drive. It maximizes
torque (increased torque over 4WD HIGH) to the front
driveshaft; allowing front and rear wheels to rotate at
the same speed. This range provides additional trac -
tion and maximum pulling power for loose or slippery
road surfaces only. Do not exceed 25 mph (40 km/h)
in this range.
 N (Neutral) — This range disengages both the front and
rear driveshafts from the powertrain. To be used for flat
towing behind another vehicle
Úpage 187.

23_DT_OM_EN_USC_t.book Page 132

140STARTING AND OPERATING
Tire/Jack Mode – Indicator lamps 4 and 1 will be illumi -
nated. Tire/Jack Mode is disabled by driving the vehicle
or disabling through the Uconnect settings.
 Wheel Alignment Mode – Indicator lamps 2, 3, and 4
will be illuminated. Wheel Alignment Mode is disabled
by driving the vehicle or disabling through the Uconnect
settings.
AXLE LOCK SYSTEM — IF EQUIPPED
This vehicle is equipped with an electronically locking rear
differential. When engaged, this differential locks the axle
shafts forcing the wheels to spin at an equal rate. The
locking of the rear differential should only be engaged
during low-speed, extreme off-road situations where one
wheel is likely to not be in contact with the ground. It is not
recommended to drive the vehicle with the differentials
locked on pavement due to the reduced ability to turn and
speed limitations.

AXLE LOCK Button

The locking rear axle is controlled by the AXLE LOCK
button.
Under normal driving conditions, the rear axle should be
unlocked.
During the command to lock the rear axle, the indicator
light will flash until the axle is locked. After the lock
command has been successfully executed, the light will
remain on solid.
Operating in 4WD LOW the locker can be engaged up to
40 mph (64 km/h) and will remain engaged throughout
the 4WD LOW speed range.
Operating the locker in 2WD, 4WD AUTO, and 4WD
LOCK/HIGH, the locker can be engaged up to 20 mph
(32 km/h). While driving with the locker engaged, if speed
exceeds 25 mph (40 km/h), the locker will automatically disengage, but will automatically re-engage at 20 mph
(32 km/h).
NOTE:Left to right wheel speed difference may be necessary to
allow the rear axle to fully lock. If the indicator light is
flashing after selecting the rear axle lock mode, drive the
vehicle in a turn or on loose gravel to expedite the locking
action.
The axle locker could become torque locked due to side to
side loads on the rear axle. Driving slowly while turning the
steering wheel from a left hand turn to a right hand turn or
driving in REVERSE for a short distance may be required to
release the torque lock and unlock the axles.
To unlock the rear axle, push the AXLE LOCK button.
The AXLE LOCK indicator light will go out when the rear
axle is unlocked.
LIMITED-SLIP DIFFERENTIAL —
IF EQUIPPED
The limited-slip differential provides additional traction on
snow, ice, mud, sand and gravel, particularly when there is
a difference between the traction characteristics of the
surface under the right and left rear wheels. During
normal driving and cornering, the limited-slip unit
performs similarly to a conventional differential. On
slippery surfaces, however, the differential delivers more
of the driving effort to the rear wheel having the better
traction.
CAUTION!
 Do not lock the rear axle on hard surfaced roads. The
ability to steer the vehicle is reduced and damage to
the drivetrain may occur when the axle is locked on
hard surfaced roads.
 Do not try to lock the rear axle if the vehicle is stuck
and the tires are spinning. You can damage
drivetrain components. Lock the rear axle before
attempting situations or navigating terrain, which
could possibly cause the vehicle to become stuck.

23_DT_OM_EN_USC_t.book Page 140

STARTING AND OPERATING141
The limited-slip differential is especially helpful during
slippery driving conditions. With both rear wheels on a
slippery surface, a slight application of the accelerator will
supply maximum traction. When starting with only one
rear wheel on an excessively slippery surface, slight
momentary application of the parking brake may be
necessary to gain maximum traction.
Care should be taken to avoid sudden accelerations when
both rear wheels are on a slippery surface. This could
cause both rear wheels to spin, and allow the vehicle to
slide sideways on the crowned surface of a road or in a
turn.
POWER STEERING
ELECTRIC POWER STEERING
The electric power steering system will provide increased
vehicle response and ease of maneuverability. The power
steering system adapts to different driving conditions.
If the steering icon is flashing, it indicates that the vehicle
needs to be taken to an authorized dealer for service. It is
likely the vehicle has lost power steering assistance. If the steering icon is displayed and the “POWER
STEERING SYSTEM OVER TEMP” message is displayed on
the instrument cluster screen, this indicates an over
temperature condition in the power steering system. Once
driving conditions are safe, pull over and let the vehicle
idle for a few moments until the icon and message turn off
Úpage 98.
If the steering icon is displayed and the “SERVICE POWER
STEERING – ASSIST OFF” message is displayed on the
instrument cluster screen, this indicates the vehicle needs
to be taken to an authorized dealer for service
Úpage 98.
NOTE:
 Even if the power steering assistance is no longer oper -
ational, it is still possible to steer the vehicle. Under
these conditions there will be a substantial increase in
steering effort, especially at low speeds and during
parking maneuvers.
 If the condition persists, see an authorized dealer for
service.
FUEL SAVER TECHNOLOGY 5.7L ENGINES
ONLY — IF EQUIPPED
This feature offers improved fuel economy by shutting off
four of the engine's eight cylinders during light load and
cruise conditions. The system is automatic with no driver
inputs or additional driving skills required.
NOTE:This system may take some time to return to full function -
ality after a battery disconnect.
STOP/START SYSTEM — IF EQUIPPED
The Stop/Start function, included with eTorque equipped
vehicles, is developed to save fuel and reduce emissions.
The system will stop the engine automatically as the
vehicle decelerates at low speeds if the required
conditions are met. Releasing the brake pedal or shifting
out of DRIVE will automatically restart the engine.
Vehicles equipped with eTorque contain a heavy-duty
motor generator and an additional hybrid electric battery
to store energy from vehicle deceleration used to expand
engine off energy storage and for engine startup after a
stop, as well as providing engine torque assist when
conditions are met to enable this.
AUTOSTOP MODE
The Stop/Start feature is enabled after every normal
customer engine start. It will remain in STOP/START NOT
READY until you drive forward with a vehicle speed greater
than 2 mph (3 km/h). At that time, the system will go into
STOP/START READY and if all other conditions are met,
the system may go into STOP/START AUTOSTOP ACTIVE
Autostop mode.
WARNING!
When servicing vehicles equipped with a limited-slip or
locking differential, never run the engine with one rear
wheel off the ground as the vehicle may drive through
the rear wheel remaining on the ground and result in
unintended movement.
4

23_DT_OM_EN_USC_t.book Page 141

STARTING AND OPERATING161
LANESENSE — IF EQUIPPED
LANESENSE OPERATION
The LaneSense system is operational at speeds above
37 mph (60 km/h) and below 112 mph (180 km/h).
The LaneSense system uses a forward looking camera to
detect lane markings and measure vehicle position within
the lane boundaries.
When both lane markings are detected and the driver
drifts out of the lane (no turn signal applied), the
LaneSense system provides a haptic warning in the form
of torque applied to the steering wheel, as well as a visual
warning in the instrument cluster display, to prompt the
driver to remain within the lane boundaries.
The driver may manually override the haptic warning by
applying force to the steering wheel at any time.
When only a single lane marking is detected and the driver
drifts across the lane marking (no turn signal applied), the
LaneSense system provides a visual warning through the
instrument cluster display to prompt the driver to remain
within the lane.
When only a single lane marking is detected, a haptic or a
torque warning will not be provided.
NOTE:
 When operating conditions have been met, the Lane -
Sense system will monitor if the driver’s hands are on
the steering wheel and provide an audible and visual
warning to the driver if removed. The system will cancel
if the driver does not return their hands to the wheel.
 LaneSense will disable when a snowplow is connected
to the vehicle.
TURNING LANESENSE ON OR OFF
The LaneSense button is located on the switch
panel below the Uconnect display.
NOTE:If your vehicle is equipped with a 12-inch Uconnect Display
screen, the LaneSense button is located above the
display.
To turn the LaneSense system on, push the LaneSense
button (LED turns off). A “LaneSense On” message is
shown in the instrument cluster display.
To turn the LaneSense system off, push the LaneSense
button again (LED turns on).
NOTE:The LaneSense system will retain the last system state on
or off from the last ignition cycle when the ignition is
placed in the ON/RUN position.
LANESENSE WARNING MESSAGE
The LaneSense system will indicate the current lane drift
condition through the instrument cluster display.
When the LaneSense system is on, the lane lines are gray
when both of the lane boundaries have not been detected
and the LaneSense telltale is solid white.

System ON (Gray Lines) With White Telltale

4

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162STARTING AND OPERATING
Left Lane Departure — Only Left Lane Detected


When the LaneSense system is on, the LaneSense Tell -
tale is solid white when only the left lane marking
has been detected and the system is ready to provide
visual warnings in the instrument cluster display if an
unintentional lane departure occurs on the left side.
 When the LaneSense system senses the lane has been
approached and is in a lane departure situation, the
visual warning in the instrument cluster display will
show the left lane line flashing yellow (on/off).
The LaneSense telltale changes from solid white to
flashing yellow.

Lane Approached (Flashing Yellow Lane Line)
With Yellow Telltale
NOTE:
The LaneSense system operates with similar behavior for
a right lane departure when only the right lane marking
has been detected.
Left Lane Departure — Both Lane Lines Detected

 When the LaneSense system is on and both the lane
markings have been detected, the system is "armed" to
provide visual warnings in the instrument cluster
display and a torque warning in the steering wheel if an
unintentional lane departure occurs. The lane lines
turn from gray to white and the LaneSense telltale
is solid green.

Lanes Sensed (White Lines)
With Green Telltale

 When the LaneSense system senses a lane drift situa -
tion, the left lane line turns solid yellow. The LaneSense
telltale changes from solid green to solid yellow.
At this time torque is applied to the steering wheel in
the opposite direction of the lane boundary.
For example: If approaching the left side of the lane the
steering wheel will turn to the right.

Lane Sensed (Solid Yellow Lane Line)
With Solid Yellow Telltale

When the LaneSense system senses the lane has been
approached and is in a lane departure situation, the
left lane line flashes yellow (on/off). The LaneSense
telltale changes from solid yellow to flashing yellow.
At this time torque is applied to the steering wheel in
the opposite direction of the lane boundary.

23_DT_OM_EN_USC_t.book Page 162