engine oil Seat Alhambra 2013 Owner's Manual

Table of Contents
Manual structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Safety First . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Safe driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Dear SEAT Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Tips for driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Adjusting the seat position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Transporting objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Seat belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Brief introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Why wear seat belts? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Seat belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Seat belt tensioners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Airbag system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Brief introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Airbag system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Child safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Child seats (accessories) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Integrated child seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Operating instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Cockpit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Instrument panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
SEAT information system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Opening and closing
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Vehicle key set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Central locking and locking system . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Sliding doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Rear lid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Electric windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Panoramic sliding sunroof* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Lights and visibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Sun blind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Windscreen wiper and washer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Rear vision mirror . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Seats and storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Seat adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Seat functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Head restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Centre armrest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Loading luggage compartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Roof carrier system* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Storage compartments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Drink holders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Ashtray and cigarette lighter* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Power sockets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Air conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Air conditioner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Auxiliary heater* (additional heater) . . . . . . . . . . 164
Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Stopping and starting the engine . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Changing gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Braking, stopping and parking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Start assist systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Parking sensor system* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 Park Assist system* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Rear Assist system* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Cruise control system* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Lane Assist system* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Sign Assist* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Tiredness detection (recommendation to take a
break) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Tyre monitoring systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Practical tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Driving and the environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Running-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Ecological driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Engine management and exhaust gas
purification system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Trailer towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Driving with a trailer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Vehicle maintenance and cleaning . . . . . . . . . 245
Care and cleaning the vehicle exterior . . . . . . . . 245
Caring for and cleaning the vehicle interior . . . . 252
Notes for the user . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Accessories, replacement of parts and
modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Accessories, replacement of parts and
modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Checking and refilling levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Filling the tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Selective Catalytic Reduction* (AdBlue) . . . . . . . 274
Working in the engine compartment . . . . . . . . . . 278
Engine oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
3
Table of Contents

7
Safe driving
Safety First
Safe driving
Dear SEAT Driver
Safety first!This chapter contains important information, tips, suggestions and
warnings that you should read and consider for both your own
safety and for your passengers' safety.
WARNING
● This manual contains important information about the operation of
the vehicle, both for the driver and the passengers. The other sections of
the on-board documentation also contain further information that you
should be aware of for your own safety and for the safety of your passen-
gers.
● Ensure that the on-board documentation is kept in the vehicle at all
times. This is especially important when lending or selling the vehicle to
another person.

Tips for driving Introduction
Depending upon how you expect to use your vehicle, it may a good idea to
protect the engine from below. A guard underneath the engine may help to reduce the risk of damage to the lower part of the vehicle and the oil sump
when driving over kerbs, or along dirt tracks or rough roads... SEAT recom-
mends you have the guard fitted by a Technical Service.
Additional information and warnings:
●
Ensure you are correctly seated ⇒ page 10
● Transporting ⇒ page 13
● Starting, changing gears, parking ⇒ page 171
● Ecological driving ⇒ page 228
● Notes for the user ⇒ page 258
WARNING
Driving under the influence of alcohol, drugs, medication or narcotics
may result in severe accidents and even loss of life.
● Alcohol, drugs, medication and narcotics may significantly alter per-
ception, affect reaction times and safety while driving, which could result
in the loss of control of the vehicle.

Preparing for the journey and safe driving
Check list
For your own safety, for the safety of passengers in the car, and for that of
other road users, the following should be checked before and during each
journey ⇒ 
: 
Safety FirstOperating instructionsPractical tipsTechnical Specifications

9
Safe driving
● Are there any SEAT dealers in the destination country?
● For petrol vehicles: Is unleaded petrol available at the right octane rat-
ing?
● For diesel engines: Is diesel fuel available with a low sulphur content?
● Are a suitable engine oil ( ⇒ page 282) and other engine fluids comply-
ing with SEAT specifications available in the destination country?
● Will the navigation system fitted at the factory operate correctly in the
destination country with the available navigation data?
● Are special tyres required in the destination country?
CAUTION
SEAT does not accept liability for any damage to the vehicle due to the use
of a lower quality fuel, an inadequate service or the non-availability of genu-
ine spare parts. 
Driving along flooded roadways
To prevent damage to the vehicle when driving through water, for example,
along a flooded road, please observe the following:
● Check the depth of the water before entering the flooded zone. The wa-
ter should never come above the lower edge of the bodywork ⇒ 
.
● Do not drive faster than a pedestrian.
● Do not stop in the water, use reverse gear or switch off the engine.
● Oncoming traffic will cause waves which raise the level of the water,
making it difficult to cross the water.
WARNING
When driving through water, mud, melted snow, etc., please remember
that due to damp or frozen brake discs and shoes in winter, the braking
effect may be delayed, therefore the required braking distance is greater.
● Dry the brakes and remove ice by braking carefully. Ensure that you
are not endangering other road-users or breaking traffic regulations in
the process.
● After driving through water, avoid sudden sharp manoeuvres.
CAUTION
● Driving through flooded areas may severely damage vehicle compo-
nents such as the engine, transmission, running gear or electrical system.
● Never drive through salt water as salt causes corrosion. Always rinse any
parts of the vehicle which have been in contact with salt water. 
Safety FirstOperating instructionsPractical tipsTechnical Specifications

55
Cockpit
Depending upon the equipment fitted in the vehicle, instead of a warning
lamp, sometimes a symbol may be displayed on the instrument panel.
When certain control and warning lamps are lit, an audible warning is also
heard.
Red symbols
SymbolMeaning ⇒ See

 Do not continue driving!
The electronic parking brake is on, the brake
fluid level is too low or the brake system is faul-
ty.
⇒ page 184
 Do not continue driving!
Fault in the engine cooling system.⇒ page 286
 Do not continue driving!
Engine oil pressure too low.⇒ page 282

 Do not continue driving!
At least one of the vehicles doors is open, or is
not correctly closed.⇒ page 80
 Do not continue driving!
The rear lid is open or is incorrectly closed.⇒ page 83
 Do not continue driving!
Fault in the steering.⇒ page 168
Engine cannot be started again!
"AdBlue" level too low.⇒ page 274
Driver or passenger has not fastened seat belt.⇒ page 21
Use the foot brake!
Change
⇒ page 175
Brake
⇒ page 184
Faulty generator.⇒ page 291
Yellow symbols
SymbolMeaning ⇒ See
Front brake pads worn.
⇒ page 184lights: ESC malfunction or off.flashes: ESC working.
ASR manually deactivated.
ABS faulty or does not work.
Electronic parking brake faulty.⇒ page 184
Rear fog light switched on.⇒ page 95
lights: Driving light totally or partially faulty.⇒ page 329flashes: Fault in the adaptive light system.⇒ page 95
Fault in catalytic converter.
⇒ page 231lights: pre-ignition of diesel engine.flashes: Fault in engine management.
Fault in engine management.
Diesel particulate filter blocked
Fault in the steering system.⇒ page 168
Tyre pressure too low.⇒ page 296Fault in the tyre pressure gauge.⇒ page 224
Level of windscreen washer fluid too low.⇒ page 105
Fuel tank almost empty.⇒ page 267 
Safety FirstOperating instructionsPractical tipsTechnical Specifications

56Cockpit
SymbolMeaning ⇒ See
flashes: Engine oil sensor faulty.⇒ page 282lights: Insufficient engine oil.
Fault in airbag system and seat belt tensioners.⇒ page 32

Front passenger front airbag is disabled ( PAS-
SENGER AIRBAG  ).⇒ page 32
Top up "AdBlue", or there is a fault in the "AdBl-
ue" system.⇒ page 274
Fuel tank not closed correctly.⇒ page 267
Lane assist is switched on, but not active.⇒ page 217
Green symbols
SymbolMeaning ⇒ See

Left or right turn signal.⇒ page 95
Hazard warning lights on.⇒ page 315
Use the foot brake!
Change
⇒ page 175
Brake
⇒ page 184
Cruise control operating.⇒ page 213
Lane assist is switched on and active.⇒ page 217
Blue symbols
SymbolMeaning ⇒ See
Main beam on or flasher on.⇒ page 95
Headlight adjustment (Light Assist) on.
Other control lamps
SymbolMeaning ⇒ See
Electronic immobiliser active.⇒ page 171
Service interval display⇒ page 61
Mobile telephone is connected via Bluetooth to
the original telephone device.⇒ Book-
let Bluetooth
System
Mobile telephone battery charge meter. Availa-
ble only for pre-installed factory-fitted devices.
Freezing warning. The outside temperature is
lower than +4 °C (+39 °F).⇒ page 59
WARNING
If the warning lamps and messages are ignored, the vehicle may stall in
traffic, or may cause accidents and severe injuries.
● Never ignore the warning lamps or text messages.
● Stop the vehicle safely as soon as possible.
● Park the vehicle away from the traffic, ensuring that there are no easi-
ly inflammable materials under the vehicle which could come into contact
with the exhaust system (e.g. dry grass, fuel). 

61
Cockpit
Calibrating compass
To calibrate the compass you must be in one of the valid magnetic zones
with sufficient space to be able to trace a circumference with the vehicle.
● Switch the ignition on.
● Select the Settings menu followed by the option Compass and Calibrate.
● Confirm the message Describe a complete circumference to calibrate the
compass with OK
and then trace a complete circumference driving at ap-
proximately 10 km/h (6 mph).
When the corresponding cardinal point is displayed, the calibration is com-
plete. 
Service interval display
The service indication is shown on the instrument panel display
⇒ Fig. 35 4.
SEAT makes a difference between services with engine oil change (Interval
Service) and services without engine oil change (Inspection Service). The
service interval display only gives information for service dates which in-
volve an engine oil change. The dates of the remaining services (for exam-
ple, the next Inspection Service or change of brake fluid) are listed on the
label attached to the door strut, or even in the Maintenance Programme.
In vehicles with Services established by time or mileage , the service inter-
vals are already pre-defined.
In vehicles with LongLife Service , the intervals are determined individually.
Technical progress has made it possible to considerably reduce servicing re-
quirements. The technology used by SEAT ensures that your vehicle only
has an Interval Service when it is necessary. To establish when the Interval
Service is due (max. 2 years), the vehicle's conditions of use and individual
driving styles are considered. The service pre-warning first appears 20 days
before the date established for the corresponding service. The kilometres remaining until the next service are always rounded up to the nearest
100 km (miles) and the remaining time is given in complete days. The cur-
rent service message cannot be viewed until 500 km (miles) after the last
service. Prior to this only lines are visible on the display.
Inspection reminder
When the Service date is approaching, when the ignition is switched on a
Service reminder is displayed.
In vehicles without text messages
, a spanner is displayed on the instrument
panel  with a figure given in km. The number of kilometres shown is the
maximum number that may be driven until the next service. After a few sec-
onds, the display mode changes. A clock symbol appears and the number
of days until the next service appointment is due.
In vehicles with text messages , Service in --- km (miles) or --- days is dis-
played on the instrument panel.
Service due
After the service date, an audible warning is given when the ignition is
switched on and the spanner displayed on the screen flashes for a few sec-
onds . In vehicles with text messages , Service in --- km (miles) or --- days is
displayed on the instrument panel.
Reading a service notification
With the ignition switched on, the engine off and the vehicle at a standstill,
the current service notification can be read:
● Press the button 
on the instrument panel several times until the
spanner symbol is displayed .
● OR: select the Settings menu.
● From the Service submenu, select the option Info.
When the service date has past , a minus sign is displayed in front of the
number of kilometres or days. In vehicles with text messages the following
is displayed: Service --- km (miles) or --- days ago .
Safety FirstOperating instructionsPractical tipsTechnical Specifications

67
Cockpit
MenuFunctionAverage fuel con-
sumptionWhen the ignition is switched on, the average con-
sumption (in l/100 km or in mpg) is displayed after
the vehicle has moved approximately 100 metres
(328 feet). Otherwise horizontal lines are displayed.
The value shown is updated approximately every 5
seconds.
Fuel rangeApproximate distance in km (or miles) that can still
be travelled with the fuel remaining in the tank, as-
suming the same style of driving is maintained. This
is calculated using the current fuel consumption.
Distance coveredDistance travelled, after ignition is switched on, in
km (or miles).
Average speedAfter the ignition is switched on, the average speed
will be shown after a distance of approximately 100
metres (328 feet) has been travelled. Otherwise hori-
zontal lines are displayed. The value shown is upda-
ted approximately every 5 seconds.
Digital display of
speedCurrent speed displayed digitally.
Oil temperature digi-
tal displayUpdated engine oil temperature digital display
Speed warning to ---
km/hIf the stored speed is exceeded (between 30 -
250 km/h, or 18 - 155 mph), an audible warning is
given together with a visual warning.
Changing between display modes
● In vehicles without multifunction steering wheel: press the lever.
● Vehicles with a multifunction steering wheel: press 
or .
Storing a speed for the speed warning
● Select the display Speed warning at --- km/h.
● Press OK
to store the current speed and switch off the warning. ●
In addition, set the required speed by pressing the rocker switch on the
windscreen wiper lever or buttons 
or  on the multifunction steering
wheel for 5 seconds. Next, press OK again or wait a few seconds. The
speed is stored and the warning activated.
● To switch off , press OK
. The stored speed is deleted.
Manually erasing memory 1 or 2
● Select the memory to be erased.
● Press and hold OK
for approximately two seconds.
Personalising the displays
It is possible to select which of the displays in the multifunction display you
wish to see on the instrument panel in the settings menu. The units of
measurement can also be modified ⇒ page 67. 
Configuration Menu
Configuration MenuFunction
Multifunction
display dataConfiguration of the multifunction display data that you
wish to see on the instrument panel display ⇒ page 66.
CompassChanging the magnetic region and calibration of the com-
pass. To calibrate the compass, please follow the instruc-
tions given on the instrument panel display.
ConvenienceChanging vehicle convenience functions ⇒ page 68.Lights & visi-
bilityConfiguration of vehicle lighting ⇒ page 69.
TimeChanging the hours and minutes of the instrument panel
clock and the navigation system. The time can be set here
and the choice can be made between the 24 hour and 12
hour display. The S in the upper part of the display indi-
cates that the clock is set to summer time. 
Safety FirstOperating instructionsPractical tipsTechnical Specifications

168Driving
Driving
SteeringIntroduction
The power steering is not hydraulic but electromechanical. The advantage
of this steering system is that it disposes of hydraulic tubes, hydraulic oil,
the pump, filter and other components. The electromechanical system
saves fuel. While a hydraulic system requires oil pressure to be maintained,
electromechanical steering only requires energy when the steering wheel is
turned.
With the power steering system, the assisted steering function automatical-
ly adjusts according to the vehicle speed, the steering torque and the wheel
turning angle. The power steering only works when the engine is running.
Additional information and warnings:
● Start and stop the engine ⇒ page 171
● Vehicle battery ⇒ page 291
● Tow starting and towing away ⇒ page 343
WARNING
If the power steering is not working then the steering wheel is much
more difficult to turn and the vehicle more difficult to control.
● The power steering only works when the engine is running.
● Never allow the vehicle to move when the engine is switched off.
● Never remove the key from the ignition if the vehicle is in motion. The
steering may lock and it will not be possible to turn the steering wheel.
 Control and warning lamps
lights upPossible causeSolution

(red)Power steering faulty.The steering system should be
checked by a specialised work-
shop as soon as possible.

(yellow)
Power steering operation re-
duced.
The steering system should be
checked by a specialised work-
shop as soon as possible.
If, after restarting the engine
and driving for a short distance,
the yellow warning lamp no lon-
ger comes on, it will not be nec-
essary to take the vehicle to a
specialised workshop.
The vehicle battery was dis-
connected and has been re-
connected.Drive for a short distance at 15 –
20 km/h (10 to 12 mph). 

189
Driving
WARNING
New brake pads do not brake to full efficiency.
● For the first 320 km (200 miles), new brake pads have not yet reached
their maximum braking capacity, and need to be run in first. For this, to
compensate for reduced braking efficiency the brake pedal will have to
be pressed with more force.
● To avoid losing control of the vehicle and causing serious accidents,
always take great care when driving with new brake pads.
● When running in new brake pads, always respect the safety distances
between you and other vehicles and do not cause situations requiring ex-
treme braking performance.
WARNING
When brakes overheat, braking is less efficient and braking distances in-
crease.
● When driving on slopes, brakes can be overloaded and overheat
quickly.
● Reduce speed, move down a gear or select a shorter range of gears
before long steep slopes. This allows you to use the engine braking ef-
fect and to reduce the strain on the brake system.
● Non-standard or damaged front spoilers could restrict the airflow to
the brakes and cause them to overheat.
WARNING
Wet, frozen or salt-covered brakes take time to brake and this increases
braking distances.
● Test the brakes carefully.
● Dry the brakes, free them of ice and salt by braking gently several
times, when weather, road and traffic conditions permit.
WARNING
Driving without the brake servo may significantly increase the braking
distance and result in a severe accident.
● Never allow the vehicle to move forwards when the engine is switched
off.
● If the brake servo does not operate or the vehicle must be towed,
then the brake pedal will have to be pressed with more force given that
the braking distance will be increased when the brake servo does not op-
erate.
CAUTION
● Never make the brakes slip by pressing the pedal gently, if it is not really
necessary to brake. Continuously pressing on the brake pedal will heat the
brakes. This could significantly reduce braking power, increase braking dis-
tance or even result in the total failure of the brake system.
● Reduce speed, move down a gear or select a shorter range of gears be-
fore long steep slopes. This allows you to use the engine braking effect and
to reduce the strain on the brake system. Otherwise, the brakes may over-
heat and fail. Only use the brakes to reduce speed or to stop.
Note
When checking the front brake pads, take the time to also check the rear
brake pads. The thickness of the brake pads should be checked visually and
regularly, by looking through the openings in the wheel rims or from under-
neath the vehicle. If necessary, remove the wheels to check them thorough-
ly. SEAT recommends visiting a Technical Service. 
Safety FirstOperating instructionsPractical tipsTechnical Specifications

192Driving
Note
● To ensure that the ESC and ASR work properly, all four wheels must be
fitted with identical tyres. Any differences in the rolling radius of the tyres
can cause the system to reduce engine power when this is not desired.
● If a malfunction should occur in the ABS, the ESC, EDL and ASR will also
be out of action.
● Noises may be heard while any of the above systems are operating. 
Turning on and off the ASR
Fig. 137 Detailed view of
the centre console: but-
ton used to switch ASR
on and off (vehicles with
ESC)
The electronic stability control ESC consists of ABS, EDL and ASR and only
works when the engine is running.
The ASR can be switched off while the engine is running by pressing the  OFF

⇒  Fig. 137 button. The ASR (and similar) is only switched off when the
required traction is not obtained: ●
When driving through deep snow or on loose ground (gravel...).
● When freeing a trapped vehicle.
Turn the ASR back on by pressing the button  OFF
⇒ Fig. 137.
Brake fluid
Fig. 138 In the engine
compartment: brake fluid
reservoir, lid
In the course of time, the brake fluid absorbs water from the ambient air. If
there is too much water contained in the brake fluid, the brake system could
be damaged. In addition, the boiling point of the brake fluid is significantly
lowered. When the brake fluid contains too much water and the brakes are
subject to considerable forces, bubbles of water vapour can form in the sys-
tem. These bubbles of water vapour can significantly reduce braking power,
notably increasing braking distance, and could even result in the total fail-
ure of the brake system. Ensuring that the brake system is always function-
ing correctly is essential for your own safety and the safety of other road
users ⇒ 
. 