remove SKODA CITIGO 2016 1.G Owner's Guide

Driving
Starting-off and Driving
Starting and stopping the engine
Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
Electronic immobiliser and steering lock
95
Ignition on / off
96
Starting / Stopping the engine
96
It is possible, with the key in the ignition, to switch the ignition off and on and
start/stop the engine.
WARNING■ Never switch off the engine before the vehicle is stationary – risk of acci-
dent!■
While driving with the engine stopped the ignition must always be
switched on. Otherwise, the steering may lock - danger of an accident!
■
Do not withdraw the ignition key from the ignition lock until the vehicle
has come to a stop » page 99, Parking . Otherwise, the steering may lock -
danger of an accident!
■
Never leave the vehicle unattended with the engine running - risk of acci-
dent, theft or similar.
■
Never (e.g. in garages) run the engine in a closed place - there is the dan-
ger of poisoning and death!
CAUTION
■ Only start the engine when the engine and the vehicle are stationary - there
is a danger of starter and engine damage!■
Do not push-start the engine – risk of damaging the engine and the catalytic
converter. The battery from another vehicle can be used as a jump-start aid.
Note
Do not warm up the engine while the vehicle is stationary. If possible, start
your journey as soon as the engine has started. Through this, the engine rea-
ches its operating temperature faster.Electronic immobiliser and steering lock
Read and observe
and on page 95 first.
The electronic immobiliser (hereinafter referred to as immobiliser) makes thetheft or unauthorised use of your vehicle more difficult.
Immobiliser
The immobiliser allows the engine to start provided an original vehicle key only
is used.
Malfunction of the immobiliser
It is not possible to start the engine if there is a failure of the components in
the immobiliser key.
Use the other vehicle key to start the engine; if necessary, seek help from a
specialist garage.
Steering lock - lock
›
Remove the key and turn the steering wheel until the steering lock engages.
Steering lock - unlock
›
Insert the key into the ignition and turn on the ignition. If this is not possible,
then move the steering wheel slightly back and forth, as a result of which
the steering lock should unlock.
WARNINGNever let the vehicle roll with locked steering lock - danger of accident!95Starting-off and Driving

OperationFig. 118
Display
Vehicles with manual transmission
The engine is automatically switched offas soon as the vehicle comes to a halt,
the shift lever is moved into neutral and the clutch pedal is released.
The engine is automatically startedas soon as the clutch pedal is depressed.
Vehicles with automatic transmission
The engine is automatically switched offas soon as the vehicle comes to a
standstill and the brake pedal is operated.
The engine is automatically startedas soon as the brake pedal is released.
Requirements for the system to function correctly
The following conditions must be met for the system to function correctly.
The driver's door is closed.
The driver has fastened the seat belt.
The bonnet is closed.
The driving speed was higher than 4 km/h after the last stop.
System status
The system status is shown in the display when the vehicle comes to a halt
» Fig. 118 .
The engine is automatically switched off; when the vehicle moves off the
ignition process will be automatically initiated.
The engine is not automatically switched off.
The engine does not shut down when the vehicle stops, if e.g. the following
applies.
▶ The engine temperature for the proper function of the system has not yet
been reached.
▶ The charge state of the vehicle battery is too low.
▶
The current consumption is too high.
▶ High air conditioning or heating output (high fan speed, big difference be-
tween the desired and actual interior temperature).
If the engine has shut down automatically but the system detects that the en-
gine is required to run (e.g. if the brake pedal is pressed repeatedly) then the
system automatically starts up the engine.
Note
■ If the driver's seat belt is removed for more than 30 seconds or the driver's
door is opened after the engine has switched off automatically, the engine will
have to be restarted manually.■
No automatic engine shut-down takes place when a vehicle with automatic
transmission is moving at low speed (e.g. during a traffic jam) and remains sta-
tionary after pressing the brake pedal lightly. Automatic engine shutdown
takes place if you press the brake pedal down with more force.
■
For vehicles with automatic transmission there is no automatic engine shut-
down when the system detects a manoeuvring action due to a large steering
angle.
Manually deactivating/activating the system
Fig. 119
Button for the START-STOP sys-
tem
›
To deactivate/activate the system, press the button 
» Fig. 119 .
When the system is deactivated, the symbol in the button lights up 
.
If the system is turned off, it will be automatically reactivated after turning the
ignition off and on.
Note
If the system is deactivated when the engine is turned off automatically, then
the automatic start process takes place.97Starting-off and Driving

Running in the engine
During the first 1,500 km, the driving style is decisive for successful the run-
ning in process is.
During the first 1,000 km the engine should not be pushed to more than 3/4
of the maximum permitted engine speed.
From about 1,000 to 1,500 km the engine can be pushed up to the maximum
permitted engine speed.
Tips on economical driving
Fuel consumption depends on the driving style, road and weather conditions,
and similar such factors.
For an economical driving style, the following instructions must be observed. ▶ Avoid unnecessary acceleration and braking.
▶ Engage the recommended gear » page 38.
▶ Avoid full throttle and high speeds.
▶ Reduce idling.
▶ Avoid short distances.
▶ Ensure the correct tyre inflation pressure is maintained » page 129.
▶ Avoid unnecessary ballast.
▶ Remove the roof rack before driving if it is not needed.
▶ Only turn on electrical consumers (e.g. seat heating) for as long as necessary.
▶ Briefly ventilate before turning on the cooling system, do not use the cooling
system with the windows open.
▶ Do not leave windows open at high speeds.
Avoiding damage to your vehicle
 Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
Driving Tips
102
Driving through water
102
Driving Tips
Only drive on roads and terrain that are appropriate to the vehicle parameters
» page 152 , Technical data .
The driver is always responsible for deciding whether the vehicle can cope
with the conditions and the terrain.WARNING■ Always adjust the speed and driving style to the visibility, weather, road
and traffic conditions applying at the time. Too high a speed or an errone-
ous manoeuvre may cause serious injury and damage to the vehicle.■
Combustible objects such as dry leaves or twigs caught under the base of
the vehicle could ignite on hot vehicle parts - risk of fire!
CAUTION
■ Pay attention to the ground clearance of the vehicle! When driving over ob-
jects which are larger than the ground clearance, the vehicle can get damaged.■
Any objects that get trapped under the vehicle floor must be removed as
soon as possible. These items can cause damage to the vehicle (e.g. to parts of
the fuel or brake system).
Driving through water
Fig. 124
Maximum permissible water lev-
el when driving through water
The following instructions must be observed if vehicle damage is to be avoided
when driving through water (e.g. flooded roads).
›
Therefore determine the depth of the water before driving through bodies of
water. The water level must not go above the web of the lower beam
» Fig. 124 .
›
Drive at no more than walking pace, otherwise a wave may form in front of
the vehicle, which could cause the water to enter into the vehicle’s systems
(e.g. the air intake system for the engine).
›
Never stop in the water, do not reverse and do not switch the engine off. 
102Driving

The system can, for example, be affected in the following situations or not
be available. ▶ When visibility is poor, (e.g. fog, heavy rain, thick snowfall).
▶ Driving around “sharp” bends.
▶ When fully pressing down the accelerator pedal.
▶ When the laser sensor is dirty or obscured.
▶ When the vehicles are very dirty and have a low level of reflection.
If the system is not available or there is a system malfunction, the message
and the warning light appears on the display of the instrument cluster 
flashes in a slow sequence.WARNINGDo not cover the windscreen in the area of the laser sensor. This can lead
to impaired function of the sensor - risk of accidents!WARNINGThe laser beam from the laser sensor can cause serious eye injuries. The la-
ser beam is not visible to the human eye.■
Never use optical devices, e.g. a range-finder camera or magnifying glass
to look into the laser sensor.
■
The laser beam can also be active when the system is disabled or is not
available.
CAUTION
■ Remove any snow from the windscreen in the area of the laser sensor using
a hand brush and any ice with a solvent-free de-icing spray.■
If the laser sensor range on the windscreen has scratches, cracks, etc., re-
place the windscreen.
Note
■ If an automatic brake intervention is triggered by the system, the pressure in
the brake system increases and the brake pedal cannot be operated with the
normal pedal stroke.■
Automatic braking interventions by the emergency brake function can be ter-
minated by pressing the clutch or the accelerator or by moving the steering
wheel.
Disable / EnableFig. 129
Button for the City Safe Drive
system
Read and observe and on page 107 first.
The function is automatically activated each time the ignition is switched on.
›
to deactivate hold the button » Fig. 129 until a beep sounds.
The appropriate message and the indicator light appears 
 flashes several
times in a quicker sequence (the

 lights up at a speed of 5-30 km / h).
›
To
activate hold the button » Fig. 129until a beep sounds.
The appropriate message and the warning light appears 
 
in the display of
the instrument cluster.
WARNINGFor safety reasons, deactivate the system in the following situations.■When the vehicle is being towed away.■
When the vehicle is driven though an automatic car wash.
■
If the laser sensor is damaged or faulty.
■
When the vehicle is on a rolling test bench.
■
When the windscreen is damaged in the region of the laser sensor.
■
For example, if the charge extends to the roof rack over the front edge of
the roof.
Tyre pressure monitoring
 Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
Storing the tyre pressure values.
109

108Driving

WARNING (Continued)■Do not manipulate individual parts of the airbag system, as this might re-
sult in the airbag being deployed.■
If the airbag has been deployed, the airbag system must be replaced.
WARNINGThe airbag system operates using pressure sensors located in the front
doors. For this reason, no adjustments may be carried out to the doors or
door panels (e.g. installation of additional loudspeakers). Resulting damage
can impair the functioning of the airbag system - risk of accidents and fatal
injuries! The following guidelines must therefore be observed.■
Any work on the front doors and their door panels must be carried out by
a specialist garage.
■
Never drive the vehicle with the inner door panels removed or with open-
ings in the panelling.
Trailer operation
Read and observe
on page 110 first.
The vehicle is not approved for towing a trailer. The vehicle is not factory-
equipped with a towing device and it cannot be retrofitted with a towing de-
vice.
WARNINGNever attach a towing device to the vehicle.
Acceptance and recycling of used vehicles
Read and observe
on page 110 first.
All new ŠKODA vehicles are 95% recyclable.
Service intervals
 Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
Overview of service intervals
113
Fixed service intervals QI1 - QI4
113
Digital Service Plan
113
The service interval display in the display of the instrument cluster will remind
you to carry out every service stipulated by the manufacturer at the right time
in order to prevent you from forgetting any » page 42.
The completion of services can be verified through the printed verification
from the digital service schedule and the respective receipts.
The specified service intervals are tailored to normal operating conditions.
In the case of aggravated operating conditions, it will be necessary to have
some service work carried out before the date of the next regular service or
between the specified service intervals. This applies mainly to the cleaning or
the replacement of the air filter insert in regions with heavy dust pollution as
well as checking and replacing the toothed belt, but also to vehicles with die-
sel particle filters, which can put greater strain on the engine oil.
The following is taken to mean aggravated operating conditions: ▶ Frequent short trips.
▶ Longer periods of engine idling (e.g. taxis).
▶ Operation in areas with heavy dust pollution.
▶ Predominantly stop-and-go traffic as is e.g. often the case in city driving.
▶ Operation predominantly during winter.
You will be told at the specialist garage whether the operating conditions of
your vehicle may make it necessary for service work to be carried out between
the normal service intervals.
Different service charges may apply according to the particular scope of work
required, the vehicle type and specification, and your vehicle’s condition.
Note
■ The customer is responsible for covering the cost of all services including
changing or replenishing the oil, even during the warranty period, unless sta-
ted otherwise in the ŠKODA AUTO warranty terms or other agreements.■
You will be informed about the service checks and actions at each service by
the specialist garage.
112General Maintenance

Exterior car careRead and observe
and on page 114 first.
Vehicle compo- nentsCircumstancesRemedy
Paint
Spilled fuelClear water, cloth, (clean as soon as
possible)No water drop-
lets form on the
paintUse hard wax preserve (at least twice a
year), apply wax to clean and dry bodyPaint has gone
mattUse polish, then wax (if the polish does
not contain any preservative ingredi-
ents)Plastic partsSoilingClear water, cloth / sponge, possibly
cleaners provided for this purposeChrome
and anodised
partsSoilingclear water, cloth, possibly cleaners
provided for this purpose, clean then
polish with a soft dry clothFilmsSoilingSoft sponge and mild soap solution a)Windowpanes
and door mirrorsSoilingWash with clean water and dry with a
wipe specifically for that purposeHead / tail lightsSoilingSoft sponge and mild soap solution a)Door lock cylin-
dersSnow/iceDe-icing fluid specifically for that pur-
poseWiper / wiper
bladesSoilingWindscreen cleaner, sponge or clothWheelsSoilingClear water, then apply appropriate
substancea)
Mild soap solution = 2 tablespoons of natural soap to 1 litre of lukewarm water.
The jack is maintenance-free. If necessary, the moving parts of the jack should
be lubricated with a suitable lubricant.
Protection of cavities
All the cavities of your vehicle which are at risk from corrosion are protected by
a layer of long-lasting protective wax applied in the factory.
If any small amount of wax flow out of the cavities at high temperatures, these
must be removed with a plastic scraper and the stains cleaned using a petrole-
um cleaner.
Underbody
The underside of your vehicle is already permanently protected by the factory
against chemical and mechanical influences.
We recommend having the protective coating — preferably before the begin-
ning of winter and at the end of winter.
Product life of the films
Environmental influences (eg. sunlight, humidity, air pollution, chipping) will af-
fect the life of the films. Films will age and become brittle - this is entirely nor-
mal; this is not a fault.
The sunlight may also affect the strength of the film colour.
When transporting a load on the roof rack (e.g. roof box or similar) there is an
increased risk of film damage (e.g. of chipping from the secured load).
CAUTION
■ Vehicle paint
■ Repair damaged areas as soon as possible.
■ Matt-painted parts should not be treated with polishes or hard waxes.
■ Do not polish in a dusty environment - risk of paint scratches.
■ Do not apply any paint care products to door seals or window guides.■
Plastic parts
■ Do not use paint polish.
■
Chromed and anodised parts
■ Do not polish in a dusty environment - risk of surface scratches.
■
Films
The following instructions must be observed, otherwise there is a risk of film
damage. ■ Do not use dirty cloths or sponges for cleaning.
■ Do not use a scraper or other means to remove ice and snow.
■ Do not polish the films
■ Do not use a high pressure cleaner on the films.
■
Rubber seals
■ Do not treat the door seals and window guides deal with anything - the
protective varnish coating could be damaged. 
115Care and maintenance

■Windows and door mirrors
■ Do not clean the insides of the windows/mirrors with sharp objects - risk of
damage to the filaments or the antenna. ■ Do not use a cloth which has been used to polish the body - this could dirty
the window and impair visibility.■
Head / tail lights
■ Do not wipe head/tail lamps dry, do not use any sharp objects - risk of dam-
age to the protective coating and cracks forming on the headlamp glass cov-
ers.
■
Door lock cylinders ■ Make sure that as little water as possible gets into the locking cylinder
when washing the vehicle - there is a risk of freezing the lock cylinder!
■
Wheels
■ Heavy soiling of the wheels can affect the balance of the wheels - the re-
sult can be a vibration, which can cause premature wear of the steering.
Caring for the interior
Read and observe
and on page 114 first.
Vehicle compo- nentsCircumstancesRemedy
Natural leather /
Artificial leather /
Alcantara ®
/
Material
Dust, surface
soilingVacuum cleanerSoiling (fresh)Water, slightly damp cotton / wool
cloth, if necessary, mild soap solution a)
,
then wipe off with a soft clothStubborn stainsCleaning fluid specifically for this taskCare (natural
leather)Treat the leather periodically with a
leather protecting fluid / use a care
cream with light blocker and impregna-
tion after each cleaningCare (Alcan-
tara ®
/ material)Remove stubborn hair using a “cleaning
glove”.
Remove pills from materials with a
brushPlastic partsSoilingWater, slightly damp cloth or sponge, if
necessary cleaners specifically for this
purposeVehicle compo- nentsCircumstancesRemedyWindowsSoilingWash with clean water and dry with a
wipe specifically for that purposeCovers on electri-
cally heated seatsSoilingCleaners specifically for this purposeSeat belts » Soilingsoft cloth and mild soap solution a)a)
Mild soap solution = 2 tablespoons of natural soap to 1 litre of lukewarm water.
WARNING■
Never clean the seat belts chemically as chemical cleaning products could
destroy the fabric.■
Air fresheners and scents can be hazardous to heath when the tempera-
ture inside the vehicle is high.
CAUTION
■ Natural leather / leather / Alcantara ®
/ material
■ Avoid standing for lengthy periods in bright sunlight, and protect the mate-
rials by covering to prevent them from fading.
■ Remove fresh stains (e.g. from pens, lipstick, shoe polish and similar) as
soon as possible.
■ Ensure that no part of the leather is soaked through during cleaning and
that no water gets into the seams - risk of damaging the leather!
■ Do not clean the roof panelling with a brush – risk of damage to the surface
of the panelling.
■ Do not use leather cleaners, floor wax, shoe cream, stain remover or similar
agents on Alcantara ®
seat upholstery.
■ Some clothing fabrics (e.g. dark denim) do not have sufficient colour fast-
ness - this could lead to clearly visible discolouration on the upholstery. This
is not a defect in the fabric.
■ Sharp objects on garments (e.g. zips, rivets, sharp- edged belts) can dam-
age the upholstery fabrics in the vehicle. Such damage will not be recognised
as a justified complaint.■
Plastic parts
■ Do not attach scents or air fresheners to the dash panel – risk of damage to
the dash panel.
■
Windows
■ Do not attach any stickers to the filaments or glass antenna - there is risk
of damage. 
116General Maintenance

CAUTION■Never drive until the fuel tank is completely empty! Irregular supply of fuel
can cause misfiring, which can result in damage to parts of the engine and the
exhaust system.■
Immediately remove any fuel that has spilled onto the vehicle's paintwork –
risk of paint damage.
■
If you would like to operate your vehicle in a country other than the one for
which it was intended, please talk to a ŠKODA Partner. They will tell you
whether the fuel specified by the manufacturer is offered in that country
and/or whether the manufacturer will sanction operating the vehicle with
another fuel.
Petrol Refuelling
Fig. 133
Opening the fuel filler flap / unscrewing the tank cap / placing
the tank cap on the fuel filler flap
Read and observe
and on page 117 first.
›
Switch off the ignition.
›
Open out the fuel filler flap in the direction of arrow
1
» Fig. 133 .
›
Hold the fuel tank cap firmly and unlock with the key counter-clockwise.
›
Unscrew the tank cap in the direction of arrow
2
.
›
Remove the tank cap and place on top of the filler flap in direction of arrow
3
.
›
Insert the pump nozzle into the fuel filler tube as far as it will go.
The fuel tank is full as soon as the pump nozzle switches off for the first time.
Not continue refuelling.
› Remove the pump nozzle from the fuel filler tube and put it back in the
pump.›
Screw in the tank cap in the opposite direction to the arrow
2
until it audi-
bly locks into place.
›
Hold the fuel cap hold firmly, lock with the key clockwise and remove the
key.
›
Close the fuel filler flap until it clicks into place.
Unleaded petrol
Read and observe
and on page 117 first.
The correct fuel for your vehicle is specified on the inside of the fuel filler
flap » Fig. 132 on page 117 .
The vehicle can only operate with unleaded petrol that meets standard EN
228 1)
, and contains maximum 10% bioethanol (E10).
Specified petrol is 95 RON / ROZ
The petrol min. 95 Use ROZ.
In an emergency , 91 . 92 or 93 ROZ petrol can be used (slight loss of power,
slightly increased fuel consumption) »
.
CAUTION
The following instructions must be observed, otherwise there is a risk of dam-
age to the engine and to the exhaust system.■
When petrol with a lower than the prescribed octane is used, only continue
driving at mid-range engine speeds and with minimal strain on the engine. Re-
fuel using petrol of the prescribed octane number as soon as possible.
■
Lower than 91 octane petrol should not be used, even in an emergency!
■
If a fuel other than unleaded fuel which complies to the above mentioned
standards (e.g. leaded petrol) is put in the tank by mistake, do not start the en-
gine or switch on the ignition. 
1)
In Germany, DIN 51626-1 or E10 for unleaded gasoline with octane number 95 and 91.
118General Maintenance

CAUTIONPetrol additives (additives)■Unleaded petrol complying with the EN 228 standard1)
meets all the condi-
tions for problem-free engine operation. We therefore do not recommend mix-
ing fuel additives into the petrol - risk of engine damage or damage to the ex-
haust system.■
The following additives may not be used - risk of engine damage or damage
to the exhaust system! ■ Additives with metal components (metallic additives), in particular with
manganese and iron content.
■ Fuels with metallic content (e.g. LRP - lead replacement petrol).
Note
■Unleaded petrol that has a higher octane number than that required by the
engine can be used without limitations.■
On vehicles using the prescribed unleaded petrol of min. 95 RON, the use of
petrol with a higher octane number than 95 RON can lead to an increase in
power and reduction in fuel consumption.
Refuelling with CNG (compressed natural gas)
Fig. 134
Natural gas filler tubes
Read and observe
and on page 117 first.
Natural gas refuelling may vary from station to station. When refuelling with natural gas at a station unfamiliar to you, you should get someone to instruct
you or allow the fuelling operation carried out by the station staff.
Refuelling operation›Switch off the ignition.›
Open the fuel filler flap.
›
Remove cap
A
» Fig. 134 in the direction of the arrow and insert connector
for the refuelling system into filler neck
B
.
The fuel tank is full when the compressor of the refuelling system automati-
cally switches off.
›
Check that sealing ring
C
» Fig. 134 has remained inserted in filler neck
B
. If
the sealing ring has slipped on the connector, reinsert it into the filler neck.
›
Insert cap
A
into the filler neck and close the fuel filler flap until it locks into
place.
The natural gas refuelling systems have an overfill protection relating to the
outdoor temperature. At very high outside temperatures, it may happen that
the gas tank may not be fully refuelled.
If the car is parked directly after a refuelling operation, on restart the pointer
of the gas gauge may not show exactly the same level as immediately after
the filling process. This is not a leak in the system, but a reduction in pressure
due to the cooling of the gas in the gas tank after refuelling.
The maximum lifetime of the gas tank is 20 years.
The capacity of the natural gas fuel tank is about 11 kg, of which about 1.5 kg
are in the reserve tank.
The capacity of the petrol fuel tank is approximately 10 litres, of which about 5
litres is in the reserve tank.
WARNING■
Natural gas is highly explosive and highly flammable.■When refuelling, never get into the vehicle. If you have to get into your
vehicle in exceptional cases, touch a metal surface before you touch the
filling coupling again. Otherwise, electrostatic discharging may occur - risk
of fire!
Note
During the filling process sounds are heard which are harmless. If you are un-
sure which service station staff to use, ask the petrol station staff.1)
In Germany, DIN 51626-1 or E10 for unleaded gasoline with octane number 95 and 91.
119Inspecting and replenishing

WARNINGNever cover the engine with additional insulation material (e.g. with a cov-
er) – risk of fire!WARNINGWhen working in the engine compartment, the following instructions must
be observed - otherwise risk of injury or fire. The engine compartment of
your car is a hazardous area!WARNINGInstructions before beginning work in the engine compartment■Turn off the engine and remove the ignition key.■
Firmly apply the handbrake.
■
For vehicles with manual transmission the lever into the neutral position.
For vehicles with automated manual transmission shift the lever to posi-
tion N.
■
Allow the engine to cool.
■
Never open the bonnet if you can see steam or coolant flowing out of the
engine compartment – risk of scalding! Wait until the steam or coolant has
stopped escaping.
WARNINGInformation for working in the engine compartment■Keep everyone away from the engine compartment.■
Do not touch any hot engine parts – risk of burns!
■
Never touch the radiator fan. The radiator fan may still turn suddenly
about 10 minutes after switching off the ignition!
■
Do not smoke in the vicinity of the engine and avoid the use of open
flames or sparks.
■
Do not leave any items (e.g. cloths or tools) in the engine compartment.
This presents a fire hazard and the risk of engine damage.
■
Read and observe the information and warning instructions on the fluid
containers.
WARNINGInformation for working in the engine compartment with the engine run-
ning■
If it is necessary to work on the engine with the engine running, beware
of rotating engine parts and electrical plants - they can be fatal!
■
Never touch the electric wiring on the ignition system.
■
Avoid short circuits in the electrical system, particularly on the vehicle's
battery.
CAUTION
Only refill using fluids with the proper specification - risk of damage to the ve-
hicle!
Note
■ Fluids with the proper specifications can be purchased from the ŠKODA Origi-
nal Accessories or from the ŠKODA Genuine Parts ranges.■
We recommend you have the operating fluids replaced by a specialist garage.
121Inspecting and replenishing