tire pressure SSANGYONG KORANDO 1997 Service Repair Manual

0B -- 4 GENERAL INFORMATION
D AEW OO M Y_2000
Tire and Wheel
ApplicationSpecifications
Standard Tire SizeP235/75 R15, 255/70 R15
Standard Wheel Size7JJx15
Inflation Pressure At Full Lode
P235 / 75 : Front
Rear
P255 / 75 : Front
Rear
30 Psi
30 Psi
30 Psi
30 Psi
Steering System
ApplicationSpecifications
Gear TypeRACK & PINION
Wheel Alignment:
Front: Toe -- in
Front: Caster
Front: Camber
0--4mm
2°30′±30′
0°±30′
Oil Capacity1L
Suspension
ApplicationSpecifications
Front TypeDouble Wishbone
Rear Type5--Link
Fuel System
ApplicationSpecifications
Fuel Pump TypeElectric Motor Pump
Fuel Capacity70 L
Lubricating System
Application661LA662NA662LA2.0L
DOHC2.3L
DOCH3.2L
DOCH
Oil Pump TypeExternal Gear pump
Oil Filter TypeCombination (Full & Part)Full Flow
Oil Capacity (L)
(Including Oil Filter)8.09.09.57.27.58.2
Cooling System
Application661LA662NA662LA2.0L
DOHC2.3L
DOCH3.2L
DOCH
Coolant Capacity (L)9.5 -- 1010.510.5 -- 1110.510.511. 3
Radiator TypeForced Circulation
Water Pump TypeCentrifugal

0B -- 10 GENERAL INFORMATION
D AEW OO M Y_2000
Chassis and Body
MAINTENANCE ITEMMAINTENANCE INTERVAL
Kilometers or time in months, whichever comes first
x1,000 km1153045607590105120
Months--1224364860728496
Exhaust pipes & mountings--IIIIIIII
Brake/Clutch fluid (3)(4)--IRIRIRIR
Parking brake/Brake pads F & R (5)--IIIIIIII
Brake line & connections (including booster)IIIIIIIII
Manual transmission oil (3)IIIRIIRII
Clutch & brake pedal free play--IIIIIIII
Front & Rear Differential Fluid (3)IIIRIIRII
Transfer case fluidIIIRIIRII
Automatic transmission fluid
(MB W4A040) (6)IIIRIIIII
Automatic transmission fluid (BTRA M74)IIIIIIIII
Chassis & underbody bolts & nuts tight/secureIIIIIIIII
Tire condition & inflation pressureIIIIIIIII
Wheel alignment (7)Inspect & adjust when abnormal condition is noted
Steering wheel & linkage--IIIIIIII
Power steering fluid & lines* (3)--IIIIIIII
Drive shaft boots--IIIIIIII
Seat belts, buckles & anchorsIIIIIIIII
Lubricate locks, hinges & bonnet latch--IIIIIIII
Chart Symbols:
I -- Inspect these items and their related parts. If necessary, correct, clean, replenish, adjust or replace.
R -- Replace or change.
(3) Refer to “Recommended fluids and lubricants”.
(4) Change the brake / clutch fluid every 15,000 km if the vehicle is mainly driven under severe conditions:
-- Driving in hilly or mountainous terrain, or
-- Towing a trailer frequently
(5) More frequent maintenance is required if under severe condition : short distance driving, extensive idling, fre-
quent low -- speed operation in stop-- and-- go traffic or driving in dusty condition.
(6) Change automatic transaxle fluid and filter every 75,000 km if the vehicle is mainly driven under severe condi-
tions.
-- In heavy city traffic where the outside temperature regularly reaches 32°C(90°F) or higher, or
-- In hilly or mountainous terrain, or
-- When doing frequent trailer towing, or
-- Uses such as found in taxi, police or delivery service.
(7) If necessary, rotate and balance wheels.

0B -- 12 GENERAL INFORMATION
D AEW OO M Y_2000
Chassis and Body
MAINTENANCE ITEMMAINTENANCE INTERVAL
Kilometers or time in months, whichever comes first
x1,000 km1102030405060708090100
Months--6121824303642485460
Exhaust pipes & mountings--IIIIIIIIII
Brake/clutch fluid (3) (4)IIIRIIRIIRI
Parking brake/Brake pads (F & R) (5)--IIIIIIIIII
Brake line & connections (including
booster)--IIIIIIIIII
Manual transmission fluid (3)--IIIIRIIIIR
Clutch & brake pedal free play--IIIIIIIIII
F & R Differential fluid (3)IIIIIRIIIIR
Transfer case fluid (3)--IIIIRIIIIR
Automatic transmission
fluid (BTRA M74) (6)--IIIIIIIIII
Chassis & underbody bolts & nuts
tight/secureIIIIIIIIIII
Tire condition & inflation pressureIIIIIIIIIII
Wheel alignment (7)Inspect & adjust when abnormal condition is noted
Steering wheel & linkage--IIIIIIIIII
Power steering fluid & lines* (3)--IIIIIIIIII
Drive shaft bootsIIIIIIIIIII
Seat belts, buckles & anchorsIIIIIIIIIII
Lubricate locks, hinges & bonnet latchIIIIIIIIIII
Chart Symbols:
I -- Inspect these items and their related parts. If necessary, correct, clean, replenish, adjust or replace.
R -- Replace or change.
(3) Refer to “Recommended fluids and lubricants”.
(4) Change the brake / clutch fluid more regularly if the vehicle is mainly driven under severe conditions :
-- Driving in hilly or mountainous terrain, or
-- Towing a trailer frequently
(5) More frequent maintenance is required if under severe condition : short distance driving, extensive idling, fre-
quent low
-- speed operation in stop-- and-- go traffic or driving in dusty condition.
(6) Change automatic transmission fluid every 70,000 km if the vehicle is mainly driven under severe conditions.
-- In heavy city traffic where the outside temperature regularly reaches 32°C(90°F) or higher, or
-- In hilly or mountainous terrain, or
-- When doing frequent trailer towing, or
-- Uses such as found in taxi, police or delivery service.
(7) If necessary, rotate and balance wheels.

GENERAL INFORMATION 0B -- 13
D AEW OO M Y_2000
OWNER INSPECTIONS AND SERVICES
WHILE OPERATING THE VEHICLE
Horn Operation
Blow the horn occasionally to make sure it works. Check
all the button locations.
Brake System Operation
Be alert for abnormal sounds, increased brake pedal
travel or repeated puling to one side when braking. Also,
if the brake warning light goes on, or flashes, something
may be wrong with part of the brake system.
Exhaust System Operation
Be alert to any changes inthe sound of the system or
the smell of the fumes. These are signs that the system
may be leaking or overheating. Have the system in-
spected and repaired immediately.
Tires, Wheels and Alignment Operation
Be alert to any vibration of the steering wheel or the
seats at normal highway speeds. This may mean a
wheel needs to be balanced. Also, a pull right or left on a
straight, level road may show the need for a tire pres-
sure adjustment or a wheel alignment.
Steering System Operation
Be alert to changes in the steering action. An inspection
is needed when the steering wheel is hard to turn or has
too much free play, or is unusual sounds are noticed
when turning or parking.
Headlight Aim
Take note of the light pattern occasionally. Adjust the
headlights if the beams seem improperly aimed.
AT EACH FUEL FILL
A fluid loss in any (except windshield washer) system
may indicate a problem. Have the system inspected and
repaired immediately.
Engine Oil Level
Check the oil level and add oil if necessary. The best
time to check the engine oil level is when the oil is warm.
1. After stopping the engine, wait a few minutes for the
oil to drain back to the oil pan.
2. Pull out the oil level indicator (dip stick).
3. Wipe it clean, and push the oil level indicator back
down all the way.
4. Pull out the oil level indicator and look at the oil level
on it.
5. Add oil, if needed, to keep the oil level above the low-
er mark. Avoid overfilling theengine, since this may
cause engine damage.
6. Push the indicator all the way back down into the en-
gine after taking the reading.If you check the oil level when the oil is cold, do not run
the engine first. The cold oil will not drain back to the pan
fast enough to give a true oil level reading.
Engine Coolant Level and Condition
Check the coolant level in the coolant reservoir tank and
add coolant if necessary. Inspect the coolant. Replace
dirty or rusty coolant.
Windshield Washer Fluid Level
Check the washer fluid level in the reservoir. Add fluid if
necessary.
AT LEAST TWICE A MONTH
Tire And Wheel Inspection and Pressure
Check
Check the tire for abnormal wear or damage. Also check
for damaged wheels. Check the tire pressure when the
tires are cold ( check the spare also, unless it is a stow-
away). Maintain the recommended pressures. Refer to
“Tire and Wheel” is in section 0B.
AT LEAST MONTHLY
Light Operation
Check the operation of the license plate light, the head-
lights (including the high beams), the parking lights, the
fog lights, the taillight, the brake lights, the turn signals,
the backup lights and the hazard warning flasher.
Fluid Leak Check
Periodically inspect the surface beneath the vehicle for
water, oil, fuel or other fluids, after the vehicle has been
parked for a while. Water dripping from the air condition-
ing system after use is normal. If you notice fuel leaks or
fumes, find the cause and correct it at once.
AT LEAST TWICE A YEAR
Power Steering System Reservoir Level
Check the power steering fluid level. Keep the power
steering fluid at the proper level. Refer to Section 6A,
Power Steering System.
Brake Master Cylinder Reservoir Level
Check the fluid and keep it at the proper level. A low fluid
level can indicate worn disc brake pads which may need
to be serviced. Check the breather hole in the reservoir
cover to be free from dirt and check for an open pas-
sage.
Weather- Strip Lubrication
Apply a thin film silicone grease using a clean cloth.

0B -- 14 GENERAL INFORMATION
D AEW OO M Y_2000
EACH TIME THE OIL IS CHANGED
Brake System Inspection
This inspection should be done when the wheels are re-
moved for rotation. Inspect the lines and the hoses for
proper hookup, binding, leaks, cracks, chafing, etc. In-
spect the disc brake pads for wear. Inspect the rotors for
surface condition. Inspect other brake parts, the parking
brake, etc., at the same time. Inspect the brakes more
often if habit or conditions result in frequent braking.
Steering, Suspension and Front Drive Axle
Boot And Seal Inspection
Inspect the front and rear suspension and the steering
system for damaged, loose or missing parts, signs of
wear or lack of lubrication. Inspect the power steering
line and the hoses for proper hookup, binding, leaks,
cracks, chafing, etc. Clean and inspect the drive axle
boot and seals for damage, tears or leakage. Replace
the seals if necessary.
Exhaust System Inspection
Inspect the complete system (including the catalytic
converter if equipped). Inspect the body near the ex-
haust system. Look for broken, damaged, missing, or
out -- of -- position parts as well as open seams, holes,
loose connections, or other conditions which could
cause heat buildup in the floor pan or could let exhaust
fumes seep into the trunk or passenger compartment.
Throttle Linkage Inspection
Inspect the throttle linkage for interference or binding,
damaged, or missing parts. Lubricate all linkage joints
and throttle cable joints, the intermediate throttle shaft
bearing, the return spring at throttle valve assembly, and
the accelerator pedal sliding face with suitable grease.
Check the throttle cable for free movements.
Engine Drive Belts
Inspect all belts for cracks, fraying, wear and proper ten-
sion. Adjust or replace the belts as needed.
Hood Latch Operation
When opening the hood, note the operation of the sec-
ondary latch. It should keep the hood from opening all
the way when the primary latch is released. The hood
must close firmly.
AT LEAST ANNUALLY
Lap and Shoulder Belts Condition and Operation
Inspect the belt system including: the webbing, the
buckles, the latch plates, the retractor, the guide loops
and the anchors.
Movable Head Restraint Operation
On vehicles with movable head restraints, the restraints
must stay in the desired position.
Spare Tire and Jack Storage
Be alert to rattles in the rear of the vehicle. The spare
tire, all the jacking equipment, and the tools must be se-
curely stowed at all times. Oil the jack ratchet or the
screw mechanism after each use.
Key Lock Service
Lubricate the key lock cylinder.
Body Lubrication Service
Lubricate all the body door hinges including the hood,
the fuel door, the rear compartment hinges and the
latches, the glove box and the console doors, and any
folding seat hardware.
Underbody Flushing
Flushing the underbody will remove any corrosive mate-
rials used for ice and snow removal and dust control. At
least every spring clean the underbody. First, loosen the
sediment packed in closed areas of the vehicle. Then
flush the underbody with plain water.
Engine Cooling System
Inspect the coolant and freeze protection fluid. If the
fluid is dirty or rusty, drain, flush and refill the engine
cooling system with new coolant. Keep the coolant at
the proper mixture in order to ensure proper freeze
protection, corrosion protection and engine operating
temperature. Inspect the hoses. Replace the cracked,
swollen, or deteriorated hoses. Tighten the clamps.
Clean the outside of the radiator and the air conditioning
condenser. Wash the filler cap and the neck. Pressure
test the cooling system and the cap in order to help en-
sure proper operation.

SSANGYONG MY2002
2A-2 SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS
Inspect the tires for improper pressure and uneven wear.
Inspect the joint from the steering column to the steer-
ing gear for loose connections or wear.
Inspect the front and the rear suspension, the steering
gear, and the linkage for loose or damaged parts.
Inspect for out-of-round tires.
Inspect for out-of-balance tires, bent wheels, and worn
or loose wheel bearings.
Check the power steering pump serpentine belt tension.
Inspect the power steering system for leaks. Also, check
the power steering fluid level.Action
Checks
Checks
Inspect for incorrect toe on the front and the rear wheels.
Inspect for a twisted or a bent suspension arm. Inspect for mismatched or uneven tires.
Inspect for a broken or a sagging spring.
Inspect for a radial tire lateral force.
Check the front-wheel alignment.
Inspect for an off-center steering gear.
Inspect for front-brake dragging.
DIAGNOSIS
GENERAL DIAGNOSIS
Problems in the steering, the suspension, the tires,
and the wheels involve several systems. Consider all
systems when diagnosing a complaint. Some problems,
such as abnormal or excessive tire wear and scuffed
tires, may be the result of hard driving. Always roadtest the vehicle first. If possible, do this road test with
the customer.
Proceed with the following preliminary checks. Correct
any substandard conditions.
Preliminary Checks
Replace the tires.
Replace the spring.
Check the wheel alignment. Switch the tire and the
wheel assemblies. Replace the tires, as needed.
Align the front wheels.
Reseat the pinion valve assembly. Replace the pinion
valve assembly, as needed.
Adjust the front brakes.
Car Lead/Pull
Action
Adjust the toe on the front and the rear wheels.
Replace the suspension arm.
Scuffed Tires
Inflate the tires to the proper pressure.
Tighten the intermediate shaft pinch bolts. Replace the
intermediate shaft, as needed.
Tighten the front and the rear suspension. Tighten the
steering gear mounting bracket bolts. Tighten the inter-
mediate shaft pinch bolts. Replace the front and the rear
suspension, as needed. Replace the steering gear, as
needed. Replace the intermediate shaft, as needed.
Perform a free runout test. Match-mount the tires.
Balance the wheels. Replace the wheels. Replace the
wheel bearings.
Tighten the power steering pump serpentine belt.
Repair any leaks. Perform a power steering system test.
Add power steering fluid, as needed.
Action Checks

SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS 2A-3
SSANGYONG MY2002
Perform a rack bearing preload adjustment.
Replace the seals and the hoses, as needed.
Lubricate the steering gear. Repair or replace the
steering gear, as needed.
Tighten the steering gear mounting bracket nuts and
the bolts. Check the steering gear preload adjustment.
Check the hydraulic system. Test the power steering
system pressure with a gauge.
Inspect for binding or catching in the steering gear.
Inspect for a loose steering gear mounting.Action ChecksBalance the tire or the wheel.
Measure the hub flange runout. Replace the hub, as
needed.
Adjust the brakes. Replace the brake rotor, as needed.
Replace the outer tie rods.
Balance the wheel.
Replace the lower ball joint.
Measure the wheel runout. Replace the wheel, as
needed.
Match-mount the tire and the wheel assembly. Inspect for an out-of-balance tire or wheel.
Inspect for excessive wheel hub runout.
Inspect for excessive brake rotor imbalance.
Inspect for worn tie rod ends.
Inspect for wheel trim imbalance.
Inspect for a worn lower ball joint.
Inspect for excessive wheel runout.
Inspect for excessive loaded radial runout on the tire
and the wheel assembly.Action ChecksAction
Balance the tire or the wheel. Checks
Inspect for an out-of-balance tire or wheel.Align the front and the rear wheels.
Adjust the toe on the front and the rear wheels.
Replace the spring.
Balance the tires.
Rotate the tires. Replace the tires, as needed.
Maintain the proper load weight.
Inflate the tires to the proper pressure. Check the front-wheel and the rear-wheel alignment.
Inspect for excessive toe on the front and the rear wheels.
Inspect for a broken or a sagging spring.
Inspect for out-of-balance tires.
Check for a failure to rotate tires.
Check for an overloaded vehicle.
Inspect for low tire inflation.
Abnormal or Excessive Tire Wear
Shimmy, Shake, or Vibration
Hard Steering
Wheel Tramp
Action Checks

SSANGYONG MY2002
2A-6 SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS
Check the front-wheel and the rear-wheel alignment.
Inspect for worn dampeners.
Inspect for worn or loose wheel bearings.
Inspect for excessive tire or wheel runout.
Inspect for a worn ball joint.
Check the steering gear preload adjustment.Align the front and the rear wheels.
Replace the dampeners.
Replace the wheel bearings.
Match-mount the tires. Replace the tires, as needed.
Replace the wheels, as needed.
Replace the ball joint.
Perform a rack bearing preload adjustment.Action ChecksReplace the seals and the hoses, as needed.
Clean the pinion valve assembly. Replace the pinion
valve assembly, as needed.
Adjust the power steering pump serpentine belt. Check the hydraulic system. Test the power steering
system pressure with a gauge.
Inspect for a sluggish steering gear valve.
Inspect for a loose power steering pump serpentine
belt.Action ChecksAction Checks
Purge the power steering system of air.
Tighten the steering gear mounting bracket nuts and
the bolts.
Tighten the intermediate shaft pinch bolts. Replace the
intermediate shaft, as needed.
Tighten the tie rod ends. Replace the outer tie rods, as
needed.
Replace the front wheel bearings. Inspect for air in the power steering system.
Inspect for a loose steering gear mounting.
Inspect the joint from the column to the steering gear
for loose connections or wear.
Inspect for loose tie rod ends.
Inspect for loose or worn front wheel bearings.
Steering Wheel Surges or Jerks
Cupped Tires
Steering Wheel Kickback

WHEEL ALIGNMENT 2B-3
SSANGYONG MY2002
DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION AND PROCEDURES
TIRE DIAGNOSIS
Irregular and Premature Wear
Irregular and premature tire wear has many causes.
Some of them are incorrect inflation pressures, lack of
regular rotation, poor driving habits, or improper wheel
alignment.
Rotate the tires if :
•The front tire wear is different from the rear.
The left and right front tire wear is unequal.
The left and right rear tire wear is unequal.
Check wheel alignment if :
The left and right front tire wear is unequal.
The wear is uneven across the tread of either front
tire.
The front tire treads are scuffed with “feather” edges
on the side of the tread ribs or blocks.
Tread Wear Indicators
The original equipment tires have built-in tread wear in
dicators to show when the tires need replacement.
These indicators appear as bands when the tire tread
depth becomes shallow. Tire replacement is recom
mended when the indicators appear in three or more
grooves at six locations.
KAA2B010
Radial Tire Waddle
Waddle is side-to-side movement at the front or rear of
the vehicle. It is caused by the steel belt not being
straight within the tire, or by excessive lateral runout
of the tire or wheel.
The vehicle must be road tested to determine which
end of the vehicle has the faulty tire. The rear end of
the vehicle will shake from side to side or “waddle” if
the waddle tire is on the rear of the vehicle. From the
driver’s seat, it feels as though someone is pushing
on the side of the vehicle.
If the faulty tire is on the front of the vehicle, the waddle
is more visual. The front sheet meld appears to be mov-
ing back and forth, and the drivers seat feels like the
pivot point in the vehicle.
Waddle can be diagnosed using the method of substitut-
ing known good tire and wheel assemblies on the prob-
lem vehicle.
1. Road test the vehicle to determine if the waddle is
coming from the front or the rear of the vehicle.
2. Install good tires and wheels from a similar vehicle
in place of those on the offending end of the problem
vehicle. If the source of the waddle is not obvious,
change the rear tires.
3. Road test the vehicle. If there is improvement,
install the original tires to find the offending tire. If
there is no a straight improvement, install good tires
in place of all four offending tires.
KAA2B020

SSANGYONG MY2002
2B-4 WHEEL ALIGNMENT
KAA2B030
RADIAL TIRE LEAD/PULL
Lead/pull is the deviation of the vehicle from a straight
path on a level road with no pressure on the steering
wheel. Lead is usually caused by:
Incorrect alignment.
Uneven brake adjustment.
Tire construction.
The way in which a tire is built can produce lead/pull in
the vehicle. Off-center belts on radial tires can cause
the tire to develop a side force while the vehicle rolls
straight down the road. If one side of the tire has even
a little larger diameter than the diameter of the other
side, the tire will tend to roll to one side. Unequal
diameters will cause the tire to develop a side force
which can produce vehicle lead/pull.
The radial lead/pull diagnosis chart should be used to
determine whether the problem originates from an align-
ment problem or from the tires. Part of the lead diagno-
sis procedure calls for tire rotation that is different from
the proper tire rotation pattern. If a medium-to high-
mileage tire is moved to the other side of the vehicle,
be sure to check for ride roughness. Rear tires will not
cause lead/pull.