TOYOTA LAND CRUISER 1998 Factory Repair Manual
Manufacturer: TOYOTA, Model Year: 1998, Model line: LAND CRUISER, Model: TOYOTA LAND CRUISER 1998Pages: 3115, PDF Size: 54.88 MB
Page 2411 of 3115
B04699
Indicator Light OFF
Lock Rotate
Switch OFF
Indicator Light ON
Switch ONLockRotate
- INTRODUCTIONFOR ALL OF VEHICLES
IN-19
19 Author: Date:
2004 LAND CRUISER (RM1071U)
Center differential FREE condition:
ConditionWheel
Center differential switchOFFA lifted wheel cannot be
Indicator lightOFFrotated even if only one
wheel is lifted upas long
Transfer select lever (H/L)w/ VSC: Either will do
w/o VSC: H position only
wheel is lifted up, as long
as transmission is in N
position.
Center differential LOCK conditions (w/ VSC):
ConditionWheel
Center differential switchONA lifted wheel cannot be
rotated even if only one
Indicator lightON
rotated even if only one
wheel is lifted up, as long
Transfer select lever (H/L)Either will doas transmission is in N
position.
Center differential LOCK conditions (w/o VSC):
ConditionWheel
Center differential switchONA lifted wheel cannot be
rotated even if only one
Indicator lightON
rotated even if only one
wheel is lifted up, as long
Transfer select lever (H/L)H positionas transmission is in N
position.
ConditionWheel
Center differential switchON or OFFA lifted wheel cannot be
rotated even if only one
Indicator lightON
rotated even if only one
wheel is lifted up, as long
Transfer select lever (H/L)L positionas transmission is in N
position.
HINT:
w/o Vehicle skid control (VSC) system:
When the transfer select lever is put in ºLº position, the center
differential is put in LOCK condition regardless of the position
of the center differential lock switch.
CAUTION:
Center differential ºLOCKº e ºFREEº selecting proce-
dure:
Operate the switch only when all of 4 wheels are
stopped or driven in a straight line.
Never operate the switch when any wheel is slipping.
Never operate the switch when any wheel is spinning
freely.
Never operate the switch when swerving or corner-
ing.
HINT:
Center differential ºLOCKº e ºFREEº selecting proce-
dure:
Move the vehicle forward or backward slightly if the indi-
cator light does not operate correctly when the center dif-
ferential lock switch is turned ON or OFF.
Page 2412 of 3115
B04698
B04696
Center Differential Lock
Indicator Light
Center Differential
Switch
Transfer Select
Lever
F08296
IN-20
- INTRODUCTIONFOR ALL OF VEHICLES
20 Author: Date:
2004 LAND CRUISER (RM1071U)
Transfer gear ºHº e ºLº gear shifting procedure:
When shifting, always put the shift lever of the transmis-
sion in N position. In other positions, the gears of the
transfer clash, and switching cannot be performed.
4. WHEN TESTING BRAKES, SPEEDOMETER, ETC.
(a) When carrying out any kind of servicing or testing on a
Full-time 4WD in which the front or rear wheels are to be
rotated (braking test, speedometer test), be sure to ob-
serve the precautions given below.
Incorrect preparations or test procedures may cause dan-
ger as well as unsuccessful test results.
Before starting any such servicing or test, be sure to
check the following items:
Center differential mode position (FREE or LOCK)
Vehicle skid control (VSC) system (with or without):
If the vehicle is equipped with the system, the slip
indicator light, the VSC/TRAC indicator light and the
VSC OFF indicator light come on with the ignition
key turned to ºONº. They will go off after about a few
seconds.
Whether wheels should be touching ground or
jacked up
Transmission gear position (N position)
Transfer gear position (H or L position)
Maximum testing vehicle speed
Maximum testing time
HINT:
w/o Vehicle skid control (VSC) system:
When the transfer select lever is put in ºLº position, the center
differential is put in LOCK condition regardless of the position
of the center differential lock switch.
Page 2413 of 3115
B04201
B04202
- INTRODUCTIONFOR ALL OF VEHICLES
IN-21
21 Author: Date:
2004 LAND CRUISER (RM1071U)
(b) Using Braking Tester:
Measure by low-speed type (Vehicle Speed: Below 0.5
km/h or 0.3 mph) brake tester and observe the following
instructions before performing the test.
(1) Position the wheels to be tested (front or rear) on
the tester.
(2) Put the center differential in FREE position.
(3) If the vehicle is equipped with Vehicle Skid Control
(VSC) system, prohibit the system from the activa-
tion (See step 2.).
(4) Shift the transmission shift lever to ºNº position.
HINT:
Do not forget to change the Vehicle Skid Control (VSC) & Trac-
tion Control (TRAC) system to operational condition after the
test. Check that the VSC warning indicator light goes off when
restarting the engine.
(c) Using Speedometer Tester:
Observe the following instructions and then measure with
the rear wheels.
(1) Position the rear wheels on the tester roller.
(2) Position the front wheels on the free roller or jack
them up.
(3) Put the center differential in FREE position.
(4) If the vehicle is equipped with Vehicle Skid Control
(VSC) & Traction Control (TRAC) system, prohibit
the system from the activation (See step 2.).
(5) Ensure that the vehicle does not move using wires.
CAUTION:
The maximum speed should be less than 60 km/h (37 mph)
and maximum driving time should be 1 minute.
HINT:
Sudden shifting, braking, acceleration or deceleration is
not allowed.
Do not forget to change the Vehicle Skid Control (VSC) &
Traction Control (TRAC) system to operational condition
after the test. Check that the VSC warning indicator light
goes off when restarting the engine.
Page 2414 of 3115
B04203
B04204
IN-22
- INTRODUCTIONFOR ALL OF VEHICLES
22 Author: Date:
2004 LAND CRUISER (RM1071U)
(d) Using Chassis Dynamometer:
Observe the following instructions and then measure with
the rear wheels.
(1) Remove the front propeller shaft.
(2) Put the center differential in LOCK position.
(3) If the vehicle is equipped with Vehicle Skid Control
(VSC) & Traction Control (TRAC) system, prohibit
the system from the activation (See step 2.).
(4) Ensure that the vehicle is securely fixed.
HINT:
Sudden shifting, braking, acceleration or deceleration is
not allowed.
Do not forget to change the Vehicle Skid Control (VSC) &
Traction Control (TRAC) system to operational condition
after the test. Check that the VSC warning indicator light
goes off when restarting the engine.
(e) On-V ehicle Wheel Balancing:
When doing on-vehicle wheel balancing on a full-time
4WD vehicle, to prevent each wheel from being rotated at
different speed in different directions (which could dam-
age the center differential), always be sure to observe the
following precautions.
(1) All of 4 wheels should be jacked up, being apart
from the ground completely.
(2) Put the center differential in LOCK position.
(3) If the vehicle is equipped with Vehicle Skid Control
(VSC) & Traction Control (TRAC) system, prohibit
the system from the activation (See step 2.).
(4) The parking brake lever should be fully released.
(5) None of the brakes should be applied.
(6) The wheels should be driven on the wheel balancer
with the engine running.
(7) Carry out the wheel balancing with the transmission
position in D position.
HINT:
When doing this balancing, pay attention to the other
wheels rotating at the same time.
Sudden acceleration, deceleration or braking is not al-
lowed.
Do not forget to change the Vehicle Skid Control (VSC) &
Traction Control (TRAC) system to operational condition
after the test. Check that the VSC warning indicator light
goes off when restarting the engine.
Page 2415 of 3115
B04205
Conditions
Towing Method
1. Flat Bed TruckParking Brake
Any Position
2. Wheel Lift Type TruckAppliedTransmission Shift Lever
Position
Applied
From RearAny Position From Front
B04206
NO
NOIf this towing method is used, either from the front or rear: Never tow the vehicle using a method where the lifted-up wheel
cannot rotate.
Do not use the sling type towing method, either from the front or rear,
as this method causes damage to the body. (a) There is a danger of the drive train heating up and causing break-
down, or of the wheels flying off the dolly.
(b) In addition, if the vehicle is equipped with the Vehicle Skid Control
(VSC) & Traction Control (TRAC) system, the system will apply the
rotating wheels brake unless the engine isn't shut off.
- INTRODUCTIONFOR ALL OF VEHICLES
IN-23
23 Author: Date:
2004 LAND CRUISER (RM1071U)
5. WHEN TOWING FULL-TIME 4WD VEHICLES
Use one of the methods shown below to tow the vehicle.
If the vehicle has trouble in the chassis and drive train, use method 1 (flat bed truck).
NOTICE:
Do not use any towing method other than those shown above.
For example, the towing methods shown below are dangerous or damage the vehicle, so do not use
them.
Page 2416 of 3115
IN-24
- INTRODUCTIONFOR ALL OF VEHICLES
24 Author: Date:
2004 LAND CRUISER (RM1071U)
6. FOR VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH A CATALYTIC CONVERTER
CAUTION:
If large amount of unburned gasoline flows into the converter, it may overheat and create a fire haz-
ard. To prevent this, observe the following precautions and explain them to your customer.
(a) Use only unleaded gasoline.
(b) Avoid prolonged idling.
Avoid running the engine at idle speed for more than 20 minutes.
(c) Avoid spark jump test.
(1) Perform spark jump test only when absolutely necessary. Perform this test as rapidly as possible.
(2) While testing, never race the engine.
(d) Avoid prolonged engine compression measurement.
Engine compression tests must be done as rapidly as possible.
(e) Do not run engine when fuel tank is nearly empty.
This may cause the engine to misfire and create an extra load on the converter.
(f) Avoid coasting with ignition turned off and prolonged braking.
(g) Do not dispose of used catalyst along with parts contaminated with gasoline or oil.
7. IF VEHICLE IS EQUIPPED WITH MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
For vehicles with mobile communication systems such as two-way radios and cellular telephones, observe
the following precautions.
(1) Install the antenna as far as possible away from the ECU and sensors of the vehicle's electronic
system.
(2) Install the antenna feeder at least 20 cm (7.87 in.) away from the ECU and sensors of the ve-
hicle's electronic systems. For details about ECU and sensors locations, refer to the section on
the applicable component.
(3) Do not wind the antenna feeder together with the other wiring as much as possible, also avoid
running the antenna feeder parallel with other wire harnesses.
(4) Check that the antenna and feeder are correctly adjusted.
(5) Do not install powerful mobile communications system.
8. FOR USING OBD II SCAN TOOL OR TOYOTA HAND-HELD TESTER
CAUTION:
Observe the following items for safety reasons:
Before using the OBD II scan tool or TOYOTA hand-held tester, the OBD II scan tool's instruc-
tion book or TOYOTA hand-held tester's operator manual should be read thoroughly.
Be sure to route all cables securely when driving with the OBD II scan tool or TOYOTA hand-
held tester connected to the vehicle. (i.e. Keep cables away from feet, pedals, steering wheel
and shift lever.)
Two persons are required when test driving with the OBD II scan tool or TOYOTA hand-held
tester, one person to drive the vehicle and the other person to operate the OBD II scan tool or
TOYOTA hand-held tester.
Page 2417 of 3115
IN04S-46
- INTRODUCTIONHOW TO TROUBLESHOOT ECU CONTROLLED
SYSTEMSIN-25
25 Author: Date:
2004 LAND CRUISER (RM1071U)
HOW TO TROUBLESHOOT ECU CONTROLLED SYSTEMS
GENERAL INFORMATION
A large number of ECU controlled systems are used in the LAND CRUISER. In general, the ECU controlled
system is considered to be a very intricate system requiring a high level of technical knowledge and expert
skill to troubleshoot. However, the fact is that if you proceed to inspect the circuits one by one, troubleshoot-
ing of these systems is not complex. If you have adequate understanding of the system and a basic knowl-
edge of electricity, accurate diagnosis and necessary repair can be performed to locate and fix the problem.
This manual is designed through emphasis of the above standpoint to help service technicians perform ac-
curate and effective troubleshooting, and is compiled for the following major ECU controlled systems:
The troubleshooting procedure and how to make use of it are described on the following pages.
SystemPage
1. EngineDI-1
2. Automatic TransmissionDI-358
3. ABS & Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) & Brake Assist (BA) SystemDI-502
4. Power Tilt and Power Telescopic Steering ColumnDI-656
5. Supplemental Restraint SystemDI-690
6. Wireless Door Lock Control SystemDI-936
7. Theft Deterrent SystemDI-953
8. Cruise Control SystemDI-979
9. Engine Immobiliser SystemDI-1002
10.Body Control SystemDI-1038
11. Driver Door Control SystemDI-1089
12.Multiplex Communication SystemDI-1 127
13.Navigation SystemDI-1 151
14.Rear View Monitor SystemDI-1268
15.Air Conditioning SystemDI-1300
FOR USING OBD II SCAN TOOL OR TOYOTA HAND-HELD TESTER
Before using the scan tool or tester, the scan tool's instruction book or tester's operator manual should
be read thoroughly.
If the scan tool or tester cannot communicate with ECU controlled systems when you have connected
the cable of the scan tool or tester to DLC3, turned the ignition switch ON and operated the scan tool,
there is a problem on the vehicle side or tool side.
(1) If communication is normal when the tool is connected to another vehicle, inspect the diagnosis
data link line (Busline) or ECU power circuit of the vehicle.
(2) If communication is still not possible when the tool is connected to another vehicle, the problem
is probably in the tool itself, so perform the Self Test procedures outline in the Tester Operator's
Manual.
Page 2418 of 3115
IN04T-23
Vehicle Brought to Workshop
Customer Problem
Analysis
Symptom Confirmation
and Diagnostic Trouble
Code Check
Symptom Simulation
Diagnostic Trouble
Code Chart
Problem Symptoms Table
Circuit Inspection or Parts
Inspection
Repair
Confirmation Test
End 1
2
43
5
6
7
8Ask the customer about the conditions and the
environment when the problem occurred.1
Confirm the symptoms and the problem conditions,
and check the diagnostic trouble codes.
(When the problem symptoms do not appear
during confirmation, use the symptom simulation
method described later on.)2, 3
Check the results obtained in Step 2, then confirm
the inspection procedure for the system or the part
which should be checked using the diagnostic
trouble code chart or the problem symptoms table.4, 5, 6
Check and repair the affected system or part in
accordance with the instructions in Step 6. 7
After completing repairs, confirm that the problem
has been eliminated.
(If the problem is not reproduced, perform the
confirmation test under the same conditions and
in the same environment as when it occurred for
the first time.)8
IN-26- INTRODUCTIONHOW TO TROUBLESHOOT ECU CONTROLLED
SYSTEMS
26 Author: Date:
2004 LAND CRUISER (RM1071U)
HOW TO PROCEED WITH TROUBLESHOOTING
Carry out troubleshooting in accordance with the procedure on the following page. Here, only the basic pro-
cedure is shown. Details are provided in Diagnostics section, showing the most effective methods for each
circuit. Confirm the troubleshooting procedures first for the relevant circuit before beginning troubleshooting
of that circuit.
Page 2419 of 3115
Important Points in the Customer Problem Analysis
What ----- Vehicle model, system name
When ----- Date, time, occurrence frequency
Where ----- Road conditions
Under what conditions? ----- Running conditions, driving conditions, weather conditions
How did it happen? ----- Problem symptoms
(Sample) Engine control system check sheet.
ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM Check Sheet
Customer's Name
Driver's Name
Data Vehicle
Brought in
License No.
Model and Model
Year
Frame No.
Engine Model
Odometer Reading
km
miles
Problem Symptoms
Engine does
not Start
Difficult to
Start
Poor Idling
Poor
Drive ability
Engine Stall
Others
Engine does not crankNo initial combustionNo complete combustion
Engine cranks slowly
Other
Incorrect first idleIdling rpm is abnormalHigh ( rpm)Low ( rpm)
Rough idling
Other
HesitationBack fireMuffler explosion (after-fire)Surging
Knocking
Other
Soon after startingAfter accelerator pedal depressed
After accelerator pedal released
During A/C operation
Shifting from N to D
Other
Data Problem
ConstantSometimes ( times per day/month)
Inspector's
Name
CUSTOMER PROBLEM ANALYSIS CHECK
- INTRODUCTIONHOW TO TROUBLESHOOT ECU CONTROLLED
SYSTEMSIN-27
27 Author: Date:
2004 LAND CRUISER (RM1071U)
1. CUSTOMER PROBLEM ANALYSIS
In troubleshooting, the problem symptoms must be confirmed accurately and all preconceptions must be
cleared away in order to give an accurate judgment. To ascertain just what the problem symptoms are, it is
extremely important to ask the customer about the problem and the conditions at the time it occurred.
Important Point in the Problem Analysis:
The following 5 items are important points in the problem analysis. Past problems which are thought to be
unrelated and the repair history, etc. may also help in some cases, so as much information as possible should
be gathered and its relationship with the problem symptoms should be correctly ascertained for reference
in troubleshooting. A customer problem analysis table is provided in Diagnostics section for each system
for your use.
Page 2420 of 3115
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE CHECK PROCEDURE
Diagnostic Trouble
Code Check (Make a
note of and then clear)Confirmation
of SymptomsDiagnostic Trouble
Code CheckProblem Condition
Diagnostic Trouble
Code DisplayProblem symptoms
existSame diagnostic
trouble code is
displayedProblem is still occurring in the diagnostic
circuit
Normal code is
displayedThe problem is still occurring in a place
other than in the diagnostic circuit
(The diagnostic trouble code displayed
first is either for a past problem or it is a
secondary problem)
No problem
symptoms existThe problem occurred in the diagnostic
circuit in the past
Normal Code DisplayProblem symptoms
existNormal code is
displayedThe problem is still occurring in a place
other than in the diagnostic circuit
No problem
symptoms existNormal code is
displayedThe problem occurred in a place other
than in the diagnostic circuit in the past
IN-28- INTRODUCTIONHOW TO TROUBLESHOOT ECU CONTROLLED
SYSTEMS
28 Author: Date:
2004 LAND CRUISER (RM1071U)
2. SYMPTOM CONFIRMATION AND DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE CHECK
The diagnostic system in the LAND CRUISER fulfills various functions. The first function is the Diagnostic
Trouble Code Check in which a malfunction in the signal circuits to the ECU is stored in code in the ECU
memory at the time of occurrence, to be output by the technician during troubleshooting. Another function
is the Input Signal Check which checks if the signals from various switches are sent to the ECU correctly.
By using these check functions, the problem areas can be narrowed down quickly and troubleshooting can
be performed effectively. Diagnostic functions are incorporated in the following systems in the LAND CRUIS-
ER.
SystemDiagnostic Trouble
Code CheckInput Signal Check
(Sensor Check)Other Diagnosis
Function
Engine
Automatic Transmission
ABS & Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) & Brake Assist (BA) System
Power Tilt and Power Telescopic Steering Column
Supplemental Restraint System
Theft Deterrent System
Cruise Control System
Engine Immobiliser System
Driver Door Control System
Navigation System
Air Conditioning System(with Test Mode)
(with Test Mode)
Cancel Signal
Check
In diagnostic trouble code check, it is very important to determine whether the problem indicated by the diag-
nostic trouble code is still occurring or occurred in the past but returned to normal at present. In addition,
it must be checked in the problem symptom check whether the malfunction indicated by the diagnostic
trouble code is directly related to the problem symptom or not. For this reason, the diagnostic trouble codes
should be checked before and after the symptom confirmation to determine the current conditions, as shown
in the table below. If this is not done, it may, depending on the case, result in unnecessary troubleshooting
for normally operating systems, thus making it more difficult to locate the problem, or in repairs not pertinent
to the problem. Therefore, always follow the procedure in correct order and perform the diagnostic trouble
code check.