Com VOLKSWAGEN JETTA 2008 Owners Manual

Booklet 3.1 Controls and Equipment
WARNING (continued)
• Never transport objects larger than those
fitting completely into the luggage area be­
cause the rear
cannot be fully closed.
• If you absolu te ly must drive with the rear
lid open, observe the following notes to reduce
the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning:
Close all windows ,
Close the power roof,
Open all outlets in the in strument
panel,
Swi tch off the air recirculation,
Set the fresh air fan to the highest speed.
• Never leave yo ur veh icle unattended or let
ch ildr en play around your vehicle , esp ecially
with th e rear lid left open. A child could craw l
into the vehicle through the luggage com part-
Closing the rear lid
Place you r hand into one of the hand le
rece sses in the in sid e trim of th e re ar lid
and pull the rea r Lid do wn.
If the vehicl e is loc ke d (anti-theft alarm syste m
act ivate d ) and the r em ote co ntrol k ey is use d t o
o p en
rea r lid onl y, th e rea r li d is loc ke d im ­
m ediat ely w hen it is cl ose d. A ll turn sig n als flas h
bri efl y as co nfirmati on.
A di spl ay ap p ea rs in the in strum en t clu ster if th e
r e ar lid i s not properl y close d.
WARNING
Always close the rear lid properl y to help avoid
ser iou s personal injury.
• Never let anyone
in the way of the of the rear lid or its hin ges when the rear lid is
closing.
• Always make sure that the rear lid closes
properly when you close it so that
it cannot
open s udden ly while the vehicle is moving.
38 Opening and closing Keys
WARNING (cont inued)
ment and pull the lid shut becoming trapped
and unable to get out. Being trapped in ave­
hicle can l ead to ser iou s persona l injury.
• Heat build-up in the passenger compart­
ment and luggage compar tmen t or a parked
vehicle can result in temperature s in the ve­
hicle that are much high er than the outside
temperatures, particularly in summer. Tem­
pera tures can quickly reach leve ls that can
cau se unconsciou sn ess and death, particu­
larly to sma ll ch ildr en.
Tips
At t emp era tur es below O • th e re ar lid will not
o pe n aut om atic all y a ll th e w ay afte r unl ockig it.
I t wil l b e necess ary to lift it by hand
WARNING (continued )
• Never leave your vehicle unattended or let
ch ildr en p lay around your vehicle, especially
w ith the r ear
op en. A child could craw l
into th e vehicle through the luggage compart ­
ment and pull the lid shut becom ing tra pped
and unable to get out. Being trapped in ave­
hicl e can lead to serio us per sona l injury, esp e­
cially when it is very hot or co ld.
• Nev er le ave c hildren, disabled per son s or
anyone who ca nnot help themsel ve s in the ve­
hicle . The doors ca n be locked using the re­
mot e co ntrol key or the central lo cki ng button.
Th is cou ld result in peop le being trapped in
the veh icle.
• Hea t b uil d-up in the passenger compart­
ment and luggage compartm ent of a parked
vehicle ca n result in temperatures in the ve­
hicle that are much higher than the outside
t e mperat ures , particularly in summer. Tem­
peratures can quick ly reac h leve ls that can
cau se unconsciousness and death, particu­
larl y to small children

Booklet 3.1 Controls and Equipment
The Homelink ® Universal Tran smill cr is ca­
pab le of opera tin g up thr ee se para te ly co n­
tro lled dev ices.
Th e HomeLink ® op era tes off
vehicl es bat­
t e ry and ch arg ing system and has non volat ile
m em ory . If th e batt ery dies or i s di sco nnecte d ,
l-lom eLink ® will re tain all programmin g.
Trai ning a Garage Door Equipped with Rolling
Cod e
I f a
d oor opene r has bee n progra mmed
b u t doe s not activa te w ith H ome Link®, proc eed
the fo llowin g section: "Training Ga rag e
D oo r Eq uipp ed with Rolling
• and pre ss and r eleas e train ing (o r bu li on on garage door op en er
m otor h ead unit. (Exa ct loca tion and colo r of th e
bu tto n ma y vary by garage door opener bran d.)
I f th ere is difficulty locat ing th e tra in ing bull on,
refe re n ce th e garage doo r opene r O wn er's
manu al o r ca ll toll free:
1-8 00-355-35 15.
• th e veh icle and a nd r elease progra mmed H am el.ink ® ch an nel. Pr ess
a nd release the l-lomeLink ® ch ann el second
t im e comp le te t he prog ram ming pro cess.
(So me ga rage doo r op en ers m ay re quir e you to
d o thi s pro ced ure
third tim e.)
T he garage door ope ner shou ld n ow recog nize
the l-lom eLink ® Univer sal
You may
u se eith er th e ha nd -h eld tran smitt er or the
Homel.ink ® Uni versa l Tran smit te r
to ac tivate ga rag e door.
Acc essor ies
A ccesso ries fo r th e Hom eLi nk ® Un ive rsal Tran s­
mill er are ava ilab le thr ough variou s sources.
If yo u wou ld like additi ona l inf orm ati on on
Hom el.ink ®. wh ere to purcha se th e Hom e Lin k®
co mpa tibl e prod ucts, or wo uld like
to p ur cha se
th e 1-lome Link® Hom e Lightin g Packa ge. ple as e
ca ll to ll-free : l-000-355-3515. Certification
Th e re mote contro l d evice complie s w ith
•
model s: Pan 15 of the FCC Rules
• Canad a model s: HS S-2 10 of Indu str y Ca nada.
Opera tion is subj ect
the fo llow ing co nd itions:
• Thi s de vice ma y not ca use an y harm ful int er­
f ere nce, and
• Thi s dev ice mu st a ccep t any in te rfe re n ce
tha t ma y be rece ive d includ in g int erfe re n ce
ma y ca use und esire d op erat ion.
• The tra nsmitt er has been tes te d and co m­
pli es with FCC and DOC/MDC ru les. C hanges or
m odifi catio ns no t ex pres sly appro ved by th e
res ponsib le for comp lian ce could void the
user 's authori ty to operate the dev ice.
WARNING
Imp roper use of HomeLink ® Univer sal Tr ans­
mitter can cause serious person al in jur y.
• Garage doors o perate with enough force to
ca use ser ious perso nal inj ury.
• Neve r le t anyo ne get in th e way of a garage
door when o penin g or closing it.
• Never use th e Ham el.ink® Uni vers al
Tran sm itt er w ith any garage door opener that
do es have not t he sa fety stop and reverse fea­
t ure as required by fe d eral safety standards.
T hi s includ es any garage door opener model
manufactur ed befo re Ap ril
I, 1982.
• A garage door o pener wh ic h ca nn ot detec t
a n obj ec t, sig nalin g the door to stop and re­
verse docs no t me et c urr ent federa l sa fe ty
standards. Usin g a garage door opener
wit hout the se feat ures inc reases risk of se­
rious injury or d ea th.
Tips
F o r m ore informati on, call to ll-free : I (000 ) 355-
35 15 .
Op ening and closing Keys 45

Booklet 3.1 Controls and Equipm ent
Lights and a clear view
Light s
Switching the lights on and off
Fig. 24 Sectio n of i nstrument panel : Switch for the
headligh ts, automatic headlight contr o l and fron t
fog ligh ts
S w itching on the h eadl ights
T o sw itch on the head lig hts turn the
lig ht sw it c h to
24 fD
Switching on low and high b eam
T urn the lig ht sw itch tofD. Informati on
on hig h bea m and head light flas her
49 . Th e low beam will only wor k
with the ignition on. When you are startin g
th e engine, the hea dlights go ofT and only
the park in g lights will be on.
Switchin g of th e he adli ght s
Turn the ligh t sw itc h to posit ion 0.
S witchin g on th e fo g light s
Pull the switch ou t of po sit ion fD.
Optional equipm ent
Optiona l e quipment
46 Li ght s a nd a cl ea r vi ew Automatic headlight cont
rol
To turn the au tomatic headl ig ht control
o n tu rn th e lig ht sw itch to posit ion
AUTO
o r =)fig . 24 .
Da ytim e runni ng l ig hts
• L eave the light swi1ch in posit ion 0. The day­
t im e ru nning ligh ts come on automa tica lly
when you switch o n the ignilion.
When 1he ignition is sw i1che parking brake is 110 1 pull ed up, 1he hea dli gh ts
( low beam with r edu ced bri gh 111e ss) will au 10-
111a 1ica lly come on. No
lighls on the o ut­
s ide of your vehicle will be on and 1h e in s1ru­
men1 ligh ts will also be off.
Automatic hea dli g ht co ntrol
lfau10ma1ic headligh 1 co n1r ol is swi1c hed on,
th e low beam are auloma tica lly sw ilched on by
light sens it ive senso r if you drive in to tunne l,
for exam ple.
T he expre ssway func1io n swi 1c h es o n 1h e lo w
beam if 1he vehicle is dri ven al
mph (140 km /h ) for lon ger 1han IO seco nds. T he low beam
i s swi1ched off if 1he vehicle is dri ven 40 mph (65 km /h ) for lo n ge r th an 150 seco nds.
Th e rain fu nction switch es on the hea dlig ht s if
1h e
wipe function is swi tc h ed on for
long er 1h an 5 sec ond s. The low beam i s switched
o ff if th e co n1inuou s wipe o r 1he in1ermitt ent
w ip e funct ions are sw i1ch ecl
for lo nge r 1han seco nds 53.
Fog lig ht s
If a u1omatic hea dli gh 1 con ! rol is sw i1c hed on,
yo u canno t sw i1c h on 1h e fog ligh1 s.

Booklet 3.1 Controls and Equipment @
WARNING
Cras hes a nd oth er acci dcn t s ca n hap pen w hen
yo u cann ot sec the road a head a nd when yo u
ca nn ot b e see n by other m otor is ts.
• Never use day time runn ing ligh ts to sec
w here yo u are goi ng. Th ey a rc no t b right
eno ugh an d w ill n ot let y ou sec fa r eno ugh
a h ea d for safety especia lly a l dusk or w hen it i s
dark. Always sw itch on the low bea m at du sk
or w hen it is dark .
•
t a il li ght s do not ligh t u p w hen da y­
tim e runnin g lig ht s arc o n. A ve hicle w ithout
r ear ta il li gh ts turne d on ca nn ot b e see n by
ot hers in b ad wea the r at dusk o r w hen it s d ark .
Applies to ve hicles: with Highline instrument clus ter
WARN ING (continued)
• If aut oma tic head light cont rol is sw itch ed
o n, th e low bea m and w ill n ot be
switc hed on in fog or heavy You have to
sw itc h on t he low bea m using t he light sw itch .
• J\lways tu rn on th e he adli ght s befo re d usk
a n d in ra in or fo g so th at yo u ca n see a head
and so that oth ers can see your vehicl e from
t h e bac k.
Tip s
I f yo u re m ove the key from t he ig n ition lock w ith
t he ligh ls s till on, a b uzze r w iU sou nd when you
o pen
dri ver's door re mi nd yo u turn light s off .
• Always observe loca l o rdin an ces a nd traffi c
regu la tion s w hen using yo ur lights. •
Coming /leaving home function (orientation lighting)
T he comi ng hom e/ leav ing home functio n is ro lled by ligh t sensor.
Coming h om e function
If th e hea dlight s sw itc h
46, is in th e
"Au to ma tic headligh t co ntrol" (AUTO or po­
sition whe n the ig n it ion is sw itc hed off an d th e
driver's door is opened and closed,
co ming
h o m e fun ction (sw itc h-off delay) switch es on
th e orientat ion ligh ti n g. The le ngth of
sw itch-o ff delay ca n be adju sted, o r sw itch ed off
co mple te ly, in Lights a nd vis io n 17.
L e a vi ng h om e fu ncl ion
th e ve hicl e is un locked, the leav ing hom e
func tion switch es on orie nt atio n li gh tin g. The lig
htin g is switched off as soo n as t he ign i­
t ion is s witched on.
Tips
I f th e co min g home or le aving hom e fu nct ion is
sw itched on, the head ligh ts, s ide mar ke r ligh t,
t ai lli g h t a nd lice nse pla te ligh ts w ill come on.
• If yo u r em ove t he ignitio n key and open t he
dr iver door while the vehicle ligh ts are on , you
w ill not h ear an acoust ic warning if the comi ng
home funct io n is sw itched on.
• You can set th e com ing hom e fu ncti on
s wit ch off delay in th e Lights and vis io n
menu , provid ed yo ur ve hicl e has th is m en u in t he
di spla y.•
Lights and a clear view 47

Booklet 3.1 Controls and Equipment
em erg ency flasher also works when th e ign ition
i s sw itched off .
L'.D, WARNING
A vehicle stalled or stopped on or bes ide a
highway can be st ruck by ot her vehicl es and
increase the risk of se rious per sonal injury.
• Whenever s tall ed or stopp ed fo r repair ,
move th e ve hicl e a safe distan ce off the road,
s top the engine, and turn of the emergency
WARNING (continued)
flash er and use a warning tria ngle or similar
d ev ice to warn approa ching
• Never park the vehicle in areas w here the
h ot cata ly tic con verter and exhaust system
ca n come in contac t w ith dry grass, brush, fu el
s pill or oth er mater ia l that can ca use fire.
Tips
Yo u can disc harge the ve hicle batt ery if yo u le ave
t h e eme rgency flash er on for a Jo ng time
Turn and high beam lever
The tum signal and high beam lever also operates the headli ght flashe,:
F ig. 27 Turn signal and high beam lever
The turn sig nal a nd high b eam lever has
rhe follo win g fun ctions:
Using the turn signals
-Mo ve the leve r a ll th e way up 27
to indicate a right turn, and all th e way
down
t o in di cat e a left turn .
Changing lane s
-Push the lever up or down to the point
w here yo u ca n start to feel res is tan ce. The
t u rn sig nal fla sh es as lon g as yo u hold the
l ever in thi s po sit ion.
Switching the h igh beam on and off
- Turn the light sw itch to
- Press th e lever fo rwa rd to po sit io n to
sw itch on the high beam s.
- Pull th e le ver back toward you to swit ch
th e hig h b eam off again.
Headlight flasher
- Pull th e lev er tow ard t he s tee rin g w hee l
to operate the
L'.D, WARNING
I mp roper use of the hea dlight fla sh er or the
hi gh b eams ca n di strac t oth er dri vers ca usin g
a cras h and serio us personal injury.
• Never use the head light flash er and high
bea ms w hen the y w ill bl ind or di stra ct ot her
m otor is ts .
• Always use the turn sig nals when chan gin g
l a n es to al ert ot her motori sts.
Tips
• The signa ls o nl y work w hen the ign ition
i s swi tched on. The co rrespo nding warnin g light
fla sh es in th e in strum ent clust er.
• The
then
co me s on in th e in strum ent clust er.
• The
flasher co mes on for as lon g as
yo u pu ll th e leve r- eve n if no oth er light s are
s w itch ed on. The warning lig ht
th en comes
o n in the instrum ent cluste r.
Light s and a clear view 49

Booklet 3.1 Controls and Equipment
• If 1h e sig nal l eve r is le ft on, a buzzer
so und s when 1 he drive r doo r is op en ed, eve n if
1h e key is lef l in !h e ig ni tio n l ock, and !he r espec-
Interior lights
Inte rio r light in the front
.
Fig . 28 Section of roof: fr ont inter ior lig ht
U se lhe ro cke r sw itch !h e fo l­
l ow ing pos itio ns:
Co urtesy light positi on
C oun esy w ill on w hen yo u u nlock ve hicl e and will go off ap prox ima te ly 30 sec­
on ds af ter yo u close 1he doors w hen sw itch i s
in 1h e ce nter posi tion. T he in te ri or go off
w he neve r yo u loc k 1h e ve hicle o r w hen you
on 1h e ig n iti on.
50 Lights and a clear view
li ve head light and 1 aill igh1 w ill be illum in a1e d re du ced bri gh tn ess. These a re re mind ers 10 o ff !h e
Interior light switch ed on
Press 1 he sy mbol "li':' on 1h e roc ker sw itch 1 0 on a fro nl or rea r The w ill on .
Int erio r li ght sw itch ed off 0
Press 1he sy mbol O o n the ro cke r to off a or re ar lig h1.
Glo ve comportm ent li ght
T he co mes o n au 1o m a1ica lly w hen !h e is opened a nd off w hen
yo u cl ose 1he co mpanm en l.
Lu ggage comportmen t lighting
T he co mes on a utoma tica lly w hen yo ur
o pen !h e rea r lid and go es off w hen yo u cl ose
Tips
If yo u sh ould l eave o ne of 1h e ve hicle doors
o pen, 1h e i nteri or l ig h ts w ill swi tc h off ap ­
prox . 10 mi nut es, prov id ed yo u h ave taken your
key yo u and 1h a1 lig ht in co unesy pos it io n. T hi s preve nts th e balt ery
f ro m

Booklet 3.1 Control s and Equipment
to vehicles: w, th foldoble front seat backrest
Folding the front passenger seat backrest forward
Folding the front passenger seat backrest the way forward
Fig . 4 2 Folding th e front passenger seal backrest
forward
Folding the front pa ssenger seat
backrest all the way for ward
Press and hold th e leve r in the direc tion
of the arrow
42 to re lea se the
backre st of the
pas seng er sea t.
Fold the backre st of th e fro nt pas senger
sea t to the hori zontal
in th e
rection of the arrow. Make sure that the
front pa ssenger seal backrest latches
curely into pla ce.
Folding the fr ont pas senger seat
backrest back
To fold back, release the backr est of the
front passeng er seat again with lever
Fold the front passeng er seat backrest
back until it latch es secure ly into pl ace.
Make sur e that nothin g is on th e front seat when
the back rest is fo lded The AIRBAG OFF light must always be on when the
backrest is folded forward 2.1 "'Safety
F irst".
P lease be s ure
74.
L'.D, WARNING
Im pr operl y store d lu ggage o r o th er it em s ca n
fl y thr ou gh th e vehicle ca using ser io us pe r­
so nal i nj ury in th e even t of hard bra kin g or a n
ac cide nt To help red uce the risk of serious per­
sona l inju ry.
• Be ca ref ul n ot lo p ut your hand in th e bac k
of the sea t wh ile press ing t he passe nge r scat
backrest re lease le ve r. O thenvise it co uld get
ca ugh t b y th e seal mech ani sm.
• Always put ob jects, for example, luggage or
o th er h eavy items in the luggage compar t­
m ent.
• Always sec ure o bjec ts pro per ly wi th suit ­
a b le straps so th at they ca nno t m ove into the
area of t he s ide air bag or t he fron t a irbag
d u ring bra kin g or in a sud de n m an eu ver. O b­
j ec ts nea r the air b ags ca n beco me pro ject iles
and cause injury when an a irbag inflates.
• Always make sure that no thin g on t he fro nt
passe nge r seal w hen th e backres t is fo lded for­
war d. Eve n light ob jects co uld be push ed i nto
th e sea l c u shi on an d ca use the we ight- sens ing
mat in the seat to reg is te r en ough we ig ht to
t u rn th e airbag on.
• Always make su re that t he PAS SENG ER AJ R
BAG OFF ligh t is on and stays on whenever t he
b ac krest of the front passe nger sea t is fold ed
fo nva rd .
Se ats and storage 61

Booklet 3.1 Controls and Equipment
App lies to vehic les: with front armrest
Front center armrest
The front center armrest can be adju sted up and down orforwa rd and backward.
Fig. 48 Front center armrest
Rear seat bench
Adjust ing the height of the armrest
-th e armr est in the directio n of th e
arro w
48 gradua lly unti l it latche s
i n to the desi red pos ition .
- T o lowe r the armr est, you must
it all the wa y up. Then you will b e able to
l ow er it do wn.
Adjusting the armrest for ward or
backward
- Pull the armr est forward © fu lly unti l it
e ngage s or pus h it
Folding backrest forward and backward
The rear seat backrest can be folded forward to expand th e luggage compartment.
Fig. 49 Rea r seal backrest : un lock ing
66 Seats and storage
The rear sea tback i s split for folding. Both
sec tions can b e fold ed for ward individu ­
all y.
Folding the rear seatback forward
- Fir st mo ve th e dri ver's se at and front
pa sse nge r's se at as
for ward a s po ssible .
- Unlock th e ba ckrest u sing the mast er
ke y int o th e lock
49 tu rni ng the
lo ck
th e hori zontal po sit io n to the
v erti cal po sition.
- Pu ll the backre st re lea se lever in the di­
rec tio n of the arro w.
-
th e bac kres t all t he w ay

Booklet 3.1 Controls and Equipment
Raising the backrest into place
Fig. 5 0 Rear seat backrest marking
-Fold the backrest back up firmly until it
engages. The red marking must not be vis­
ibl e
50. Make sure that the saf ety
bel ts do not get trapped.
- Lock the backrest using the master key
into lock
66, fig. 49 by turning
th e lock from the vertical position to the
horizonta l po sition.
WARNING
Improperl y positioned safety belts can ca use
serio us personal injury in an accident.
• Safety belts olTeroptimum protection only
w hen the scat back is upright and belts arc
correc tly positioned on the body.
• Always make sure that the rear scat back­
rest to which the center rear safety belt is at­
t ached is secure ly lat ch ed whenever the rear
center safe ty belt is being use d. If the backre st
is not secure ly lat ch ed, the passenger
will move forward with the backrest during
WARNING (continued)
sudde n braking, in a sudden maneuver and
es pecia lly in a cras h.
• Never attach the safety belt to the buckle
for another seat. Attac hing the belt to the
wrong buckle
will reduce safety belt effective­
n ess and can cause serious persona l injury.
• A passen ger who is not correc tly re strain ed
can be ser ious ly injured by the safety belt itself
when it move s from the stronger parts of the
bod y into sensitiv e areas like th e abdomen.
• Never le t the safety belts become trapped
between the scat and the side of the ve hicle
when raising the scat back s. A trapped safety
belt can be damag ed so that it can not help to
r ed uce the risk of injury in a cras h.
• Alway s mak e sure that rear seal safe ty belts
arc in their proper positio n and able lo be used
after the rear scat backr ests have been se­
c ur ely lat che d in the up right position.
• Neve r let passengers ride on the rear load
surface in the luggage compartment area or sit
on the folded clown backrests. Passengers who
are not properly wearing their safety belts risk
ser ious injuri es and even dea th in a co llisio n.
• Alwa ys make sure that the rear seat back­
r es ts are securely latched after moving them
back to the upright positio n. to properly latch
it back. Loose items in the
compart­
ment can fl y through th e passenger compart­
ment in a crash and cause ser ious injury.
• A red mark on the backre st latch show that
the back rest is not secur ely engaged. When
th e marker i s not visible th e backrest is prop ­
erly and securely latched. Always make sur e
the mark i s not visi bl e after raising the back ­
re sts to the upri ght
Seats and storage 67

Booklet 3.1 Controls and Equipment
Applies lo vehicles: with an opening in the rear backrest lo transport long objects
Transporting long items
Your vehicle has an opening in the center of the rear back rest, which ena bles y ou
to t ra n spor t long ob jects, which do not fi t in th e luggage c om partme nt.
Fig. 51 Opening from the inside
Opening from inside the vehicle
-Fold d own t he rear arm rest comp le te ly.
- Unl ock t he re lease han dle ::::)f1 g. 51
loca te d in th e plas tic cover be hind th e rear
a rmre st by turn ing the master key to th e
pos itio n.
- Gras p the hand le a nd lowe r the cove r
in to t he
The p last ic cover is in ­
tegra te d t o t he ce nte r rea r arm rest.
Opening from the luggage compart­
ment
- Ope n the rea r li d.
- Press d ow n th e re lease button in th e di-
r ec tion o f th e a rrow
an d fold th e
cove r towa rd th e int erior of th e ve hicle.
W hen th e cove r is unlo cked a red mark ing
w ill be vis ib le on t he re lease button .
Loading the long objects inside the ve­
hicle
- Place t he lo ng o bjec ts th roug h the
cente r open ing ca re full y and sec ure them
w ith an app ropriate strap .
68 Seats and storage
Fig. 52 Opening from the luggage c ompar tme nt
- Close th e rear lid .
Closing from the inside
- R em ove a ll objects.
- Fo ld the plast ic cover upward and press
u ntil you h ear it click into place.
- Lock t he co ver by tu rn ing the m aste r
key to the
- Fold t he rea r arm res t back into p lace .
WARNING
Loose luggage or oth er obj ect s in th e vehicle
ca n ca use se rious pers on al inju ry.
• Durin g sudd en braking mano euv res or ac­
cident s, loo se obje cts in th e passe nge r com­
partm ent can
for ward, injurin g vehicle
occ upant s.
• Sec ure heavy objects w ith suit abl e s trap s
s o that th ey cannot mo ve around while you
arc driving.
• When you tr an sport heavy o bjec ts, a lways
k ee p in mind that a chan ge in th e ce nter of
g rav ity ca n als o cau se chan ges in vehicle han-
dlin g.