ESP ALFA ROMEO STELVIO 2023 Owner's Guide
[x] Cancel search | Manufacturer: ALFA ROMEO, Model Year: 2023, Model line: STELVIO, Model: ALFA ROMEO STELVIO 2023Pages: 268, PDF Size: 10.36 MB
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When enabled in the radio settings, active
guidelines are overlaid on the image to illustrate
the width of the vehicle and its projected back up
path based on the steering wheel position. A
dashed center line overlay indicates the center of
the vehicle to assist in rear parking maneuvers or
trailer hitch alignment. Different colored zones
indicate the distance to the rear of the vehicle.
The following table shows the approximate
distances for each zone:
Messages On The Display
If the liftgate is opened, the camera will not detect
any obstacle behind the vehicle. The display will
show a dedicated warning message.
Make sure the liftgate is closed by pushing next to
the lock until it clicks.Important Notes
Ice, snow or mud on the surface of the camera
may reduce its sensitivity. It is important to
keep the camera surface clean, and free from
debris.
When parking, be aware of obstacles that may
be above or below the camera range.
REFUELING THE VEHICLE
Before refueling, make sure that the fuel type is
correct
Ú
page 249.
Also, stop the engine before refueling.
NOTE:
An inefficient catalytic converter leads to
harmful exhaust emissions, thus contributing to
air pollution.
REFUELING CAPACITY
To ensure that you fill the tank completely, top off
twice after the first click of the fuel nozzle.
Further top-off could cause faults in the fuel
feeding system.
AreaDistance From The
Rear Of The Vehicle
Red 0–11.8 inches
(0–30 cm)
Yellow 11.8 inches to 3.3 feet
(30 cm–1 m)
Green 3.3 feet or more
(1 m or more)
WARNING!
Drivers must be careful when backing up even
when using the Rear Back Up Camera. Always
check carefully behind your vehicle, and be
sure to check for pedestrians, animals, other
vehicles, obstructions, or blind spots before
backing up. You are responsible for the safety
of your surroundings and must continue to pay
attention while backing up. Failure to do so
can result in serious injury or death.
CAUTION!
To avoid vehicle damage, Rear Back Up
Camera should only be used as a parking aid.
The Rear Back Up Camera is unable to view
every obstacle or object in your drive path.
To avoid vehicle damage, the vehicle must
be driven slowly when using the Rear Back
Up Camera to be able to stop in time when an
obstacle is seen. It is recommended that the
driver look frequently over his/her shoulder
when using the Rear Back Up Camera.
CAUTION!
Never introduce leaded fuel to the tank,
even in small amounts in an emergency, as
this would damage the catalytic converter
beyond repair.
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(Continued)
DYNAMIC STEERING TORQUE (DST)
S
YSTEM
DST uses the integration of the Electronic
Stability Control (ESC) system with the electric
power steering to increase the safety level of the
whole vehicle.
In critical situations (e.g. braking on surfaces with
different grip conditions), the ESC system
influences the steering through the DST function
to implement an additional torque contribution
on the steering wheel in order to suggest the
most correct maneuver to the driver.
The coordinated action of the brakes and steering
increases the safety and control of the vehicle.
NOTE:
The DST feature is only meant to help the driver
realize the correct course of action through small
torques on the steering wheel, which means the
effectiveness of the DST feature is highly depen -
dent on the driver’s sensitivity and overall reac -
tion to the applied torque. It is very important to
realize that this feature will not steer the vehicle,
meaning the driver is still responsible for steering
the vehicle.
DRIVE TRAIN CONTROL (DTC) SYSTEM
Some models of this vehicle are equipped with an
All-Wheel Drive (AWD) system, which offers an
optimal drive for countless driving conditions and
road surfaces. The system reduces tire slipping to
a minimum, automatically redistributing the
torque to the front and rear wheels as needed. To maximize fuel savings, the vehicle with AWD
automatically passes to Rear-Wheel Drive (RWD)
when the road and environmental conditions are
such that they wouldn't cause the tires to slip.
When the road and environmental conditions
require better traction, the vehicle automatically
switches to AWD mode.
NOTE:
There may be a brief delay in shifting to
AWD mode after a tire slipping event occurs.
If the system failure symbol switches on, after
starting the engine or while driving, it means
that the AWD system is not working properly. If
the warning message activates frequently, it is
recommended to carry out the maintenance
operations.
ELECTRONIC STABILITY CONTROL (ESC)
S
YSTEM
The ESC system improves the directional control
and stability of the vehicle in various driving
conditions.
The ESC system corrects the vehicle’s understeer
and oversteer, distributing the brake force on the
appropriate wheels. The torque supplied by the
engine can also be reduced in order to maintain
control of the vehicle.
The ESC system uses sensors installed on the
vehicle to determine the path that the driver
intends to follow and compares it with the
vehicle’s effective path. When the real path
deviates from the desired path, the ESC system
intervenes to counter the vehicle’s oversteer or
understeer.
Oversteer occurs when the vehicle is turning
more than it should according to the angle of
the steering wheel.
Understeer occurs when the vehicle is turning
less than it should according to the angle of the
steering wheel.
System Intervention
The intervention of the system is indicated by the
flashing of the ESC Warning Light on the
instrument panel, to inform the driver that the
vehicle stability and grip are critical.
WARNING!
Electronic Stability Control (ESC) cannot
prevent the natural laws of physics from
acting on the vehicle, nor can it increase the
traction afforded by prevailing road
conditions. ESC cannot prevent accidents,
including those resulting from excessive
speed in turns, driving on very slippery
surfaces, or hydroplaning. ESC also cannot
prevent accidents resulting from loss of
vehicle control due to inappropriate driver
input for the conditions. Only a safe,
attentive, and skillful driver can prevent
accidents. The capabilities of an ESC
equipped vehicle must never be exploited in
a reckless or dangerous manner which could
jeopardize the user’s safety or the safety of
others.
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143
NOTE:
If the vehicle’s speed exceeds 6 mph (10 km/h),
but remains below 37 mph (60 km/h) and the
accelerator pedal is released, as soon as the
vehicle gets close to the set speed the HDC
system will automatically brake to keep the
vehicle at the set speed.
The driver can cancel HDC system intervention at
any time by pressing the accelerator pedal.
System Deactivation
The HDC system will be deactivated, but remain
available, if any of the following conditions are
met:
The vehicle is traveling on a downhill slope with
a gradient less than 8%, on a level surface, or
on an uphill grade.
PARK (P) mode is engaged.
Disabling The System
The system is disabled if any of the following
conditions are met:
The HDC switch is pressed.
Cruise Control/Adaptive Cruise Control is
activated.
A vehicle speed of 37 mph (60 km/h) is
exceeded.
System deactivation is shown by the icon on
the display turning off.
HILL START ASSIST (HSA) SYSTEM
HSA is an integral part of the Electronic Stability
Control (ESC) system that facilitates starting on
slopes, activating automatically in the following
cases:
Uphill: the vehicle is stationary on a road with a
gradient higher than 5%, the engine is running,
the brake is pressed, and the transmission is
in NEUTRAL (N) or a gear other than REVERSE
(R) is engaged.
Downhill: the vehicle is stationary on a road
with a gradient higher than 5%, the engine is
running, the brake is pressed, and the
transmission is in REVERSE.
When starting to move forward from a complete
stop, the ESC system control unit maintains the
braking pressure on the wheels until the engine
torque necessary for starting is reached, or in any
case for a maximum of two seconds, allowing
your right foot to be moved easily from the brake
pedal to the accelerator.
The system will automatically deactivate after two
seconds without starting, gradually releasing the
braking pressure. During this release stage, it is
possible to hear a typical mechanical brake
release noise, indicating the imminent movement
of the vehicle.
PANIC BRAKE ASSIST (PBA) SYSTEM
The PBA system is designed to improve the
vehicle’s braking capacity during emergency
braking.
The system detects emergency braking by
monitoring the speed and force with which the
brake pedal is pressed, and consequently applies
the optimal brake pressure. This can reduce the
braking distance; the PBA system therefore
complements the ABS.
Maximum assistance from the PBA system is
obtained by pressing the brake pedal very quickly.
In addition, the brake pedal should be pressed
continuously during braking, avoiding
intermittent presses, to get the most out of the
system. Do not reduce pressure on the brake
pedal until braking is no longer necessary.
WARNING!
HDC is only intended to assist the driver in
controlling vehicle speed when descending
hills. The driver must remain attentive to the
driving conditions and is responsible for
maintaining a safe vehicle speed.
WARNING!
There may be situations where the Hill Start
Assist (HSA) will not activate and slight rolling
may occur, such as on minor hills or with a
loaded vehicle, or while pulling a trailer. HSA is
not a substitute for active driving involvement.
It is always the driver’s responsibility to be
attentive to distance to other vehicles, people,
and objects, and most importantly brake
operation to ensure safe operation of the
vehicle under all road conditions. Your
complete attention is always required while
driving to maintain safe control of your vehicle.
Failure to follow these warnings can result in a
collision or serious personal injury.
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145
BSM Indicator Light
When the engine is started, the warning light
illuminates briefly to signal the driver that the
system is active.
Sensors
The sensors are activated when any forward gear
is engaged at a speed higher than approximately
6 mph (10 km/h). The sensors are temporarily deactivated when
the vehicle is stationary or the vehicle is in PARK.
The detection area of the system covers approxi -
mately one lane on both sides of the vehicle,
which is around 9 ft (3 m).
This area begins from the door mirror and
extends for approximately 19 ft (6 m) towards the
rear part of the vehicle.
When the sensors are active, the system
monitors the detection areas on both sides of the
vehicle and warns the driver about the possible
presence of vehicles in these areas. While driving, the system monitors the detection
zone in three different situations:
when you are being overtaken by a vehicle;
when you are overtaking a vehicle;
when a vehicle approaches from the side;
to check whether it is necessary to send a signal
to the driver on both sides.
NOTE:
The system does not alert the driver of the
presence of fixed objects (e.g. safety barriers,
poles, walls, etc.). However, in some circum -
stances, the system may activate in the
presence of these objects. This is normal and
does not indicate a system malfunction.
The system does not alert the driver about the
presence of vehicles coming from the opposite
direction, in the adjacent lanes.
If a trailer is hitched to the car, the system
automatically deactivates.
NOTE:
For the system to operate properly, the rear
fascia/bumper area where the radar sensors
are located must stay free from snow, ice and
dirt gathered from the road surface.
Do not cover the rear fascia/bumper area
where the radar sensors are located with any
object (e.g. adhesives, bike rack, etc.).
If you wish to install a rear tow eye after
purchasing the vehicle, you will need to
deactivate the system via the radio system.
To access the function, select the following
items in sequence on the main menu:
a. “Driver Assistance”
b. “Blind Spot Alert”
Rear View
The system detects vehicles coming from the rear
part of your vehicle on both sides and entering
the rear detection area with a difference in speed
of less than 25 mph (40 km/h) in relation to your
vehicle.
Overtaking Vehicles
If another vehicle is overtaken slowly, with a
difference in speed of less than approximately
15 mph (25 km/h) and the vehicle stays in the
blind spot for approximately 1.5 seconds, the
warning light on the door mirror of the
corresponding side illuminates.
If the difference in speed between the two
vehicles is greater than approximately 15 mph
(25 km/h), the warning light does not illuminate.
WARNING!
The Blind Spot Monitoring system is only an
aid to help detect objects in the blind spot
zones. The BSM system is not designed to
detect pedestrians, bicyclists, or animals.
Even if your vehicle is equipped with the BSM
system, always check your vehicle’s mirrors,
glance over your shoulder, and use your turn
signal before changing lanes. Failure to do so
can result in serious injury or death.
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SAFETY
146
Rear Cross Path Detection (RCP) System
The Rear Cross Path Detection (RCP) system
assists the driver during reverse maneuvers in
the case of reduced visibility.
The RCP system monitors the rear detection
areas on both sides of the vehicle to detect
objects moving toward the sides of the vehicle,
with a minimum speed between approximately
1 mph (1 km/h) and 2 mph (3 km/h) and objects
moving at a maximum speed of 21 mph
(35 km/h), in areas such as parking lots.
The system activation is signaled to the driver by
an audible warning.
NOTE:
If the sensors are covered by objects or
vehicles, the system may not work as
intended.
For the system to operate correctly, the rear
fascia/bumper area where the radar sensors
are located must stay free from snow, ice and
dirt gathered from the road surface.
Do not cover the rear fascia/bumper area
where the radar sensors are located with any
object (e.g. adhesives, bike rack, etc.).Operating Mode
The system may be activated/deactivated via the
radio system. To access the function, select the
following items on the main menu in sequence:
1. “Driving Assistance”
2. “Blind Spot Alert”
“Blind Spot Alert”, “Visual” Mode
When the system is enabled, the warning light
within the door mirror on the side of the detected
object illuminates.
The visual warning on the mirror will blink if the
driver activates the turn signals, indicating a lane
change.
The warning light will be constant if the driver
stays in the same lane. “Blind Spot Alert” Function Deactivation
When the system is deactivated (“Blind Spot
Alert” mode off), the BSM or RCP systems will
not emit an audible or a visual warning.
The BSM system will store the operating mode
that was active when the engine was stopped.
Each time the engine is started, the operating
mode stored previously will be recalled and used
Ú
page 259.
ACTIVE BLIND SPOT ASSIST (ABSA)
S
YSTEM — IF EQUIPPED
The ABSA system is to help avoid/limit lateral
collisions with cars coming from adjacent lanes
changing the vehicle’s trajectory in order to try to
keep it in the detected lane.
The system warns the driver about the presence
of other vehicles in the detection area by illumi -
nating the warning light located within the door
mirror on the side in which the other vehicle was
detected and by means of an acoustic signal
and/or vibration on the steering wheel and/or
counter-steering torque on the steering wheel
(if the respective item on the “Driver Assistance”
menu is set up and then “Safety” is selected on
the radio system).
When the engine is started, the warning light
illuminates briefly to signal the driver that the
system is active (the warning light comes on even
if the system is activated through the radio
system menu).
WARNING!
Rear Cross Path Detection (RCP) is not a back
up aid system. It is intended to be used to help
a driver detect an oncoming vehicle in a
parking lot situation. Drivers must be careful
when backing up, even when using RCP.
Always check carefully behind your vehicle,
look behind you, and be sure to check for
pedestrians, animals, other vehicles,
obstructions, and blind spots before backing
up. Failure to do so can result in serious injury
or death.
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(Continued)
ABSA Indicator Light
Sensors
The system uses radar sensors, located in the
rear fascia/bumper, to detect the presence of
vehicles (cars, trucks, motorbikes, etc.) in the
rear side blind spots of the car.
The sensors are activated when any forward gear
is engaged at a speed higher than about 6 mph
(10 km/h), or when REVERSE (R) is engaged.
The sensors are temporarily deactivated when
the car is stationary and in PARK (P).
The detection area of the system covers about a
lane on both sides of the car around 10 ft (3 m).
This area begins from the door mirror and
extends for about 20 ft (6 m) towards the rear
part of the car.
When the sensors are active the system monitors
the detection areas on both sides of the car and
warns the driver about the possible presence of
cars in these areas. Rear Sensor Location
While driving, the system monitors the detection
zone in three different situations:
when you are being overtaken by a vehicle;
when you are overtaking a vehicle;
when a vehicle approaches from the side;
to check if it is necessary to intervene in order to
keep the vehicle inside the lane on both sides.
NOTE:
The system does not signal the presence of fixed
object (e.g. safety barriers, poles, walls, etc.).
However, in some circumstances, the system
may activate in the presence of these
objects.This is normal and does not indicate a
system malfunction.
The system does not warn the driver about the
presence of cars coming from the opposite direc -
tion, in the adjacent lanes.
WARNING!
The accident risk persists despite the
application of torque to the steering wheel by
the ABSA system.
Applying a torque that corrects the steering
wheel alignment does not always prevent an
accident. It is always the driver's responsi -
bility to steer, brake or accelerate, especially
after the ABSA system warning or after the
steering wheel torque intervention. The
driver is responsible for ensuring that there
are no pedestrians, other vehicles or objects
along the direction of the vehicle. Failure to
comply with these precautions may cause
serious accidents and injuries. The driver is
fully responsible for holding a safe distance
from the vehicle ahead respecting the
highway code in force in the respective
country.
In some cases, the system could apply an
improper torque to the steering wheel. This
application can be interrupted at any time by
turning the steering wheel in the opposite
direction.
WARNING!
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149
When the system does not detect the
presence of hands on the steering wheel from
6 to 15 seconds, the following screen will be
displayed on the instrument cluster display.
A short acoustic signal will sound if hands are
not detected on the steering wheel for 6 to
12 seconds. A continuous signal will sound if
hands are not detected on the steering wheel
for 12 to 15 seconds.Hand Presence On The Steering Wheel Not Detected Display (6 To 15 Seconds)
After 15 seconds with the hands removed from
the steering wheel, the LKA system will be
deactivated and a dedicated message will be
shown on the instrument cluster display.
A short acoustic signal will sound in this case.
In any of the situations where the hands are
removed from the steering wheel for more than
6 seconds, it is necessary to reposition the hands
on the steering wheel. Changing The System Sensitivity
The system's sensitivity can be set through the
radio system. Select the “Driver Assistance”
menu and then select “Comfort”. Sensitivity
“High” or “Low” can be selected.
Rear Cross Path Detection (RCP) System
The Rear Cross Path Detection (RCP) system
assists the driver during reverse maneuvers in
the case of reduced visibility.
When the ABSA system is active, the RCP system
monitors the rear detection areas on both sides
of the vehicle to detect objects moving towards
the sides of the vehicle at a minimum speed
between 0.6 mph and 2 mph (1 km/h and
3km/h) from objects moving at a maximum
speed of 22 mph (35 km/h).
These are generally occurrences that happen in
parking areas.
The system activation is signaled to the driver by
means of a visual and audible warning.
NOTE:
If the sensors are covered by objects or vehicles,
the system may not work as intended.
Changing The System Sensitivity
To change the sensitivity and the strength of the
torque intervention on the steering wheel, refer to
“Settings” of the radio system
Ú
page 259.
DRIVER ATTENTION ASSIST (DAA)
S
YSTEM — IF EQUIPPED
The Driver Attention Assist (DAA) system detects
when the driver is feeling fatigued and warns the
driver to pull over and take a break.
To Activate/Deactivate
The DAA system can be activated and deactivated
through the radio system by selecting the
following in order:
1. “Driver Assistance”
2. “Driver Attention Assist”
WARNING!
The DAA system is an aid for driving and does
not relieve the driver of the responsibility of
driving the vehicle. Always drive alert and get
plenty of rest before driving. If you experience
fatigue while driving, do not wait for the DAA to
intervene with a warning. Choose a safe and
secure location where you can pull over safely
for a break. Only return to the road when you
are in the right physical and mental condition
to prevent endangering yourself and others.
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SAFETY
150
System Intervention
Using information from the front camera, the
system implements two operating logics:
The first operating logic takes the driving style
into account, observing the road and detecting
to what extent the driver can continue driving
with few lane crossing events.
The second operating logic measures the time
spent behind the wheel with the vehicle speed
above 40 mph (60 km/h) and below 110 mph
(180 km/h). If the “Standard” option is
selected, in these conditions, the “Dozy Driver”
message may appear after three hours of
driving. If the “Early” option is selected and
these conditions occur, the “Dozy Driver”
message will be displayed after two hours
of driving.
NOTE:
If the conditions described previously are not
detected continuously during the entire driving
period, the “Dozy Driver” message may be
displayed later than two or three hours. If the
driving style indicates that the driver is unable to
follow the road trajectory and respect the hori-
zontal lane markings, the red symbol will appear
on the instrument cluster display to suggest that
the driver should stop for a break. An audible
signal will also sound.If the driver
accepts the suggestion provided by
the system by pushing the MENU button on the
multifunction lever, the message will disappear
from the display and the symbol will be displayed
in the dedicated area of the instrument cluster
display until the next engine shutdown.
If the driver ignores the warning provided by the
system and does not stop, the message will
continue to remain on the display, along with the
symbol.
NOTE:
In the event of a DAA system failure, an amber
symbol will appear in the instrument cluster
display along with a dedicated message.
If the ABS system activates, “ABS ACTIVE” will
display in place of the DAA symbol and will
remain active until the ABS system
deactivates.
DAA Warning Message DAA Warning Icon
Changing The System Sensitivity
The DAA system intervention sensitivity can be
adjusted through the radio system within the
“Driver Assistance” menu.
NOTE:
If “Race” mode (if equipped) is activated, the
DAA system will be automatically deactivated.
The system sensitivity cannot be changed in
the event of a camera system failure.
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151
FORWARD COLLISION WARNING PLUS
(FCW+) S
YSTEM — IF EQUIPPED
This is a driving assistance system composed of a
radar located behind the front fascia/bumper
and a camera located in the center of the
windshield.
Front Fascia/Bumper Radar Location
Windshield Camera Location In the event of an imminent collision, the system
intervenes by automatically applying the vehicle’s
brakes to prevent a collision or reduce its effects.
The system provides the driver with audible and
visual signals through specific messages on the
instrument cluster display.
Vehicle Brake Screen
Pedestrian Brake Screen
The audible and visual signals warn the driver
before the system activates, depending on the
vehicle speed.
NOTE:
No warning signals are generated at speeds
below 20 mph (30 km/h). The system may lightly brake to warn the driver if
a possible frontal accident is detected (limited
braking). Signals and limited braking are
intended to allow the driver to react promptly, in
order to prevent or reduce the effects of a
potential accident.
In situations with the risk of collision, if the
system detects no intervention by the driver, it
provides automatic braking to help slow the
vehicle and mitigate the potential frontal collision
(automatic braking). If intervention by the driver
on the brake pedal is detected, but not deemed
sufficient, the system may intervene in order to
improve the reaction of the braking system,
therefore reducing vehicle speed further
(additional assistance in braking stage).
The system will intervene automatically in case of
imminent collision or impact against a pedestrian
crossing the road (speed under 31 mph (50 km/h)).
NOTE:
For safety reasons, when the vehicle has
stopped, the brake calipers may remain blocked
for about two seconds. Make sure to press the
brake pedal if the vehicle moves slightly forward.
WARNING!
Forward Collision Warning (FCW) is not
intended to avoid a collision on its own, nor
can FCW detect every type of potential
collision. The driver has the responsibility to
avoid a collision by controlling the vehicle via
braking and steering. Failure to follow this
warning could lead to serious injury or death.
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157
Driving on a significantly underinflated tire will
cause the tire to overheat, and can lead to tire
failure. Underinflation also reduces fuel
efficiency and tire tread life, and may affect the
vehicle’s handling and stopping ability.
The TPMS is not a substitute for proper tire
maintenance, and it is the driver’s responsi-
bility to maintain correct tire pressure using an
accurate tire pressure gauge, even if underin -
flation has not reached the level to trigger
illumination of the TPMS Warning Light.
Seasonal temperature changes will affect tire
pressure, and the TPMS will monitor the actual
tire pressure in the tire
Ú
page 259.
OCCUPANT RESTRAINT
SYSTEMS
Some of the most important safety features in
your vehicle are the restraint systems:
OCCUPANT RESTRAINT SYSTEMS
F
EATURES
Seat Belt Systems
Supplemental Restraint Systems (SRS)
Air Bags
Child Restraints
Some of the safety features described in this
section may be standard equipment on some
models, or may be optional equipment on others.
If you are not sure, ask an authorized dealer.
IMPORTANT SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Please pay close attention to the information in
this section. It tells you how to use your restraint
system properly, to keep you and your
passengers as safe as possible.
Here are some simple steps you can take to
minimize the risk of harm from a deploying
air bag:
1. Children 12 years old and under should always ride buckled up in the rear seat of a
vehicle with a rear seat.
2. A child who is not big enough to wear the vehicle seat belt properly must be secured in
the appropriate child restraint or belt-posi -
tioning booster seat in a rear seating position
Ú
page 170.
3. If a child from 2 to 12 years old (not in a rear-facing child restraint) must ride in the
front passenger seat, move the seat as far
back as possible and use the proper child
restraint
Ú
page 170.
4. Never allow children to slide the shoulder belt behind them or under their arm.
5. You should read the instructions provided with your child restraint to make sure that you
are using it properly.
6. All occupants should always wear their lap and shoulder belts properly. 7. The driver and front passenger seats should
be moved back as far as practical to allow the
front air bags room to inflate.
8. Do not lean against the door or window. If your vehicle has side air bags, and deploy -
ment occurs, the side air bags will inflate
forcefully into the space between occupants
and the door and occupants could be injured.
9. If the air bag system in this vehicle needs to be modified to accommodate a disabled
person, see
Ú
page 255 for customer
service contact information.
WARNING!
Never place a rear-facing child restraint in
front of an air bag. A deploying passenger
front air bag can cause death or serious
injury to a child 12 years or younger,
including a child in a rear-facing child
restraint.
Never install a rear-facing child restraint in
the front seat of a vehicle. Only use a
rear-facing child restraint in the rear seat.
If the vehicle does not have a rear seat, do
not transport a rear-facing child restraint in
that vehicle.
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