brake sensor AUDI A5 CABRIOLET 2010 Owners Manual

Driver information display
When a yellow warning symbol appears, one warning tone sounds. A
dr iver message appears as well to explain the ma lfunction in more
detail. The driver warning goes out after about 5 seconds, but it can
be brought up at any time by pressing the !SET] button again.
Check the function displayed as soon as possible. The yellow symbol
will not go out again until the reason for the malfunction has been
corrected.
If several priority 2 malfunctions are present, the symbols appear in
succession and remain for about 2 seconds .
Dynamic steer ing*
=:>page 32
'O' I I , Worn brake pads =:>page33
Battery vo ltage => page34
Defective light bulb* =>page34
Check engine oil level => page 35 or
=>page 35
Engine oil sensor malfunction =:>page35
--
Low fuel leve l =>page34
Windshield washer fluid =>page34
level low
Convenience key*
=>page 33
Key not in vehicle
Light/rain sensor defective
=:>page33
--
Dynamic headlight range => page 35
control defective
[{] Tips
Battery in remote control key
Electromechanical
parking brake
Engine speed limitation*
adaptive light defective
Ignition lock malfunction
Adaptive dampers*
Windshield wiper defective
T ire pressure monitoring sys­
tem*
Loss of tire pressure
Tire pressure monitoring sys­
tem* System not available
=>page 38
-
=> page 112
-
=>page 35
=> page 35
=> page 35
=>page 35
=>page 36
-
=> page 315
=> page 315
The speed warnings warning threshold 1 and warning threshold 2
are also yellow symbols in some models. The warning is a lways
shown as a small symbol in the uppe r area of the display
=>page 25. •
Appli es to vehicles : wit h Au di dr iv e se lec t
Dynamic steering r
Dynamic steering: System malfunction

This driver message and the symbol,;;:;,. appear when a system
malfunction occurs during travel. You can continue to drive carefully
at a reduced speed to a qualified workshop. Steering can be more
difficult or sensitive than usual. The steering whee l can also be at an
angle when driving straight .
Dynamic steering: initialization
If this driver message appears and the indicator lightl, is flash ing on
the instrument panel, dynamic steering is being reinitialized . Once
you start the engine after this is finished, the steering wheel wi ll be
easy to move. Re -initializat ion might be necessary if the steering
wheel was moved hard to the left and right while the vehicle was not
moving. The display goes out as soon as initial izat io n is complete.
& WARNING
Have the dynamic steering system malfunction repaired as soon
as possible by an authorized Audi dealer or any qualified workshop
- risk of accident!
[I) Tips
The dynamic steer ing stability systems are not ava ilab le in the event
of a system ma lfunct ion .•
Ap plies to ve hicles : w it h c onven ien ce key
Key not in vehicle
Key not in vehicle
This reminder appears along with the symbol if the master key is
removed from the vehicle with the engine running. It is int ended to
remind you (e.g. when chang ing drivers) not to continue the journey
without the master key.
If the master key is no longer in the veh icle, you cannot sw itch off the
ignition after stopping the engine and you a lso cannot start the
engine again. You also cannot lock the veh icle from the outs ide .•
Controls and equip ­
ment Safety first
Driver information display
Light/rain sensor defective
·)
Automatic headlights/automatic wipers defective
If the symbol ill um inates , the light sensor has failed. For safety
reasons the low beams are turned o n permanently with the switch in
AUTO . However, you can continue to turn the lights on and off using
the light switch . In the case of a defect in the ra in sensor, the wind ­
shield wiper lever functions are still avai lable . Have the light/rain
sensor checked as soon as possib le by an autho rized Audi dealer. •
Worn brake pads ~
Brake pads!
If the warning light illuminates, immediately contact your authorized
Audi dealer or qualified workshop to have all brake pads inspected .
On USA mode ls the warning light comes on together with the
war ning light BRAKE . Both sets of b rake pads on an axle must always
be replaced at the same time.
& WARNING
Driving with bad brakes can cause a collision and serious personal
injury .
• If the warning light and the warning light
BRAKE1> with the
message Brake pads! comes on in the instrument cluster display,
immediately contact your authorized Audi dealer or qualified
workshop to have all brake pads checked or replaced if necessary. •
ll BRAKE : USA mode ls on ly
Vehicle care Technical data

ffl Adaptive cruise control .._ __ :,..._ ____ _,;__,;_...;.____ ________________________________ _
Adaptive cruise control
Speed and distance control system
Applies to veh icl es : w it h adaptive c ruise contro l
Description
The adaptive cruise control driver assistan ce program is a
combined speed and distance control system .
Fig. 113 Front
bum per : Po sitio n of
ra dar sen sor
Any speed betwee n about 20 mph (30 km/h) and about 95 mph
( 1 50 km/ h) can be set and held with the adaptive cruise control. The
system also regu lates a pre-set distance from the vehicle ahead
w ith in the limits of the system described.
Driv ing c an be more relaxed, particularly o n long tr ips on inter states
or on other highways that a re generally straig ht.
How does it work?
Yo u ca n operate the adaptive c ruise contro l using the leve r o n the
steer ing wheel column:::,
page 119, "H ow is the speed sto red? " and
=:> pag e 121, "How is the distance (time interval) set?".
Driver information
Important info rmation is brought up in the speedometer and in the
instrumen t cluster dis play as the ve hicl e is be ing driven :::,
page 122,
"Driver in format ion ".
What is important for you to know
The adaptive cru ise cont rol is set with system-specified lim its, that is,
a s a driver, yo u will h ave to adju st the speed and dist an ce to the
vehicle ahead in some instances :::,
page 126, "Driver inte rvention
promp t" and =>
page 127, "Sy stem limi ta tions ".
& WARNING
Improper u se of the adaptive cruise control can cause colli sion s,
othe r accidents and serious personal injury.
• Never drive at speeds that are too high for traffic, road and
weather condition s.
• Never follow the vehicle in front so closely that you cannot stop
your vehicle safel y. The adaptive cruise control cannot brake the
vehicle safely when you follow another vehicle too closely . Alway s
remember that the adapti ve cruise control has a braking power
that i s only about 25% of the vehicle 's maximum br aking ability,
the automatic b rak ing function cannot bring the vehicle to a stop.
• Never use adaptive cruise control on roads where you cannot
drive safely at a steady speed , including city , stop-and-go or heavy
traffi c, on winding road s or when road cond ition s are poor (for
e x ample , on ice, gravel, in fog, heavy rain or on wet roads that
in crea se the risk of hydroplaning).
• The rada r sensor' s
vis io n can be reduced by rain, snow and
heavy spray . This can re sult in vehicle s driving ahead being inade­
qu ately detected or, in some circumstances , not detected at all. If
necessary, t ake action yourself! ..,

____________________________________________ A_ d_ a.._p _t_ i_ v _e_ c_r_u _ i_ s _e_ c_o_ n_ t_r _o _l __ ffl'II
& WARNING (co ntinued )
• Always turn off adaptive crui se control when entering turn
lanes, highway ex it lanes and con struction zones or similar situa­
tions because the vehicle will automatically accele rate to the
stored speed .
• Never rest your foot on the accelerator pedal, especially when
the adaptive cruise control is being u sed because doing so will
override the braking function and prevent the brakes from being
applied by the system when it detect s a situation when the brake s
must be applied.
• Alway s remember that the adaptive cruise control has limits -
it does not react when you drive towards an obstacle or something
else on or near the road that is not moving, such as vehicles
stopped in a traffic jam , a stalled or disabled vehicle .
• Always remember that the adaptive cruise control cannot
detect a veh icle th at i s driving towards you in your traffic lane and
that it cannot detect narrow vehicles such as motorcycles and bicy­
cles .
[ i] Tips
• For safety reasons, the stored speed is deleted when the ignition
is turned off.
• The Electronic Stabilization Program (ESP) and the Ant i-Slip Regu ­
la tio n (A SR) c anno t be de activated when the adaptive cruise cont rol
is sw itched on .
If the ESP and the Anti -S lip Regulation (ASR) has been
de activ at ed an d yo u the n switch on the ad apt ive cruise cont rol, the
ESP fu nction w ill also be activated automatically.
• Dam age cau sed by accide nts (e.g. if the vehicle is dam age d whe n
park ing) can affect the rada r sensor settings. This can cause t he
sys tem to malfunc tion or switch off comple tely.
• The radar sensor cover is heated. In w inter conditions, you should
st ill ch eck befor e dr iv in g to make s ure i t is free of ice and s now. If
necessary, clean the area nea r the rada r sensor carefully=>
page 116,
fig. 113 .
Controls and equip ­
ment Safety first
•
To ensure that the radar sensor is not blocked , fore ign objects
(e .g. st ickers, add -on par ts) m ust no t cover the are a ne ar th e radar
sensor=>
page 116, fig . 113 . The area near t he radar sensor must not
be painted, either .
• For Declaration of Compliance to United States FCC and Industry
C an ada regula tions =>
page 34 6. •
App lies to ve hicle s: with adap tiv e crui se contro l
How does adaptive cruise control work?
Vehicles traveling ahead are de tec ted w ith the aid of a
ra dar sens or.
I;= =;. =============== --~
~
l8
Fig. 114 Radar sen sor
mea sureme nt r an ge
A radar sensor is buil t into the front of the vehicle=> fig. 114, which
is subject to ce rtain system limits =>
page 12 7 . Stationary o bjects are
not taken into cons iderat ion. The system is intended to measure the
distance to reflective s urfaces. The system responds after the
dis tance measuremen t has taken place. If a meas urement is not
poss ible, the system does not respond.
Open road
When the road is clear, the adaptive c ruise contro l works like cr uise
cont rol. It ma inta ins a constant target speed specified by the drive r.
~
Vehicle care Technical data

____________________________________________ A_ d_ a.:.p _t_ i_ v _e_ c_r_u _ i_ s _e_ c_o_ n_ t_r _o _l __ _
Appli es to ve hicl es: wi th a daptive cruise cont rol
System status indicator
The text messages and symbols shown in this area of the
display are not displayed permanently .
Time intervals (such as e::::, ____ e::::,)
Fig. 12 3 System
status indicator
The different symbols for the time intervals appear if you change the
sett ings => fig. 123 .
Th e text message ... (three white dots) appears if a setting cannot be
implemented with the operating lever. The following are possible
reasons:
• If you pull the control lever towa rds you to resume speed but no
requested speed was set .
• If you push the lever up to increase (or down to reduce) speed
when no speed has been set previously.
• If you push the lever up to increase (or down to reduce) speed and
this speed is outside the range from 20 to 95 mph (Canada mode ls:
30 to 150 km/h) .
ACC functionality Limited
The text message ACC functionality limited appears when the ACC
system does not detect any objects over an extended time period. For
the time being, the d istance to veh icles up ahead is not being
Controls and equip ­
ment Safety first
controlled
. The ACC system is not switched off, so increased alertness
is required. The following may be reasons for the text message ACC
Functionally limited:
• The ACC sensor is dirty. The ACC system is not reacting, or is not
reacting correctly, to vehicles traveling ahead.
• It is possible that you are driving on a road with very light traffic
without anything at the s ide of the road (e .g . guard rails, traff ic s igns,
trees). As soon as a vehicle is detected by the system again, it returns
t o its contro l range and the text message disappears.
The ACC sensor is located in the r ig ht front trim grille
=> page 116,
fig. 113. If there is a loss of operation due to heavy contamination,
this area should cleaned to restore proper operat ion .
ACC not available
The text message ACC not available appears, for examp le, if the
t empe rature of the brakes is excessive. Adaptive cruise control is
temporarily not available. A warning tone sounds as a rem inder .
ACC not available!
The text message ACC not available! appears in the event of a
ma lf unct ion. Adaptive cruise control is turned off. A warn ing tone
sounds as a reminder . Have the system inspected by a qualified deal­
ersh ip.
ACC sensor blocked !
The text message ACC sensor blocked ! appears when the ACC System
can no longer guarantee safe detection of objects. Adaptive cruise
control is turned off. A warning tone sounds as a reminder.
To decide whether it is necessary to switch off the ACC (ACC sensor
blocked
!) or if it is only a temporary condition (ACC Functionally
limited), the system w ill also takes into consideration the outside
temperature and/or the windshield wiper operation .
Th e ACC sensor is d irty or blocked (e.g. leaves, snow).
The sensor should be cleaned to restore prope r sensor funct ion
=> pagell6,fig.113.
Vehicle care Technical data

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[I) Tips
• If the adaptive cruise control initiates brak ing, the hydraulic brake
system is under pressure. Therefore, the brake pedal distance is
shorter and the peda l "feels" harder.
• Adaptive cruise control is switched off after pressing the foot­
brake. The speed saved up this poi nt can be resumed.
• To resume the saved speed, release the brake pedal and press the
control lever:::::,
page 120, "Turning adaptive cruise control off
temporari ly".
• If you use the accelerator to go faster than the speed of the object
ahead of you, the
driver intervention prompt will not be accompa­
nied by a warn ing s ignal.
• If the speed you prev iously set is exceeded, the indicator light in
the speedometer will switch off .•
A pplie s to vehicles: w ith adapt iv e cru is e control
MMI settings
Individual settings for adaptive cruise control can be
selected in the
fV/fVII.
Settings for the driving program can be adjusted individually
to the particular user and saved in the MMI.
- Press the [CAR]function button .
- Select
Adaptive Cruise Control. The Adaptive Cruise
Control
menu appears.
- Select
driving program .
-Select the desired driving program .
Controls and equip ­
ment Safety first
Setting the driving program
In
the driving program menu you can adjust the character istics of
adaptive cru ise control to what you want using
dynamic , standard or
comfort.
Saving settings
Your individual settings are automatica lly saved and assigned to the
remote control key being used (remote key storage) . If the key is
given to another person, the saved settings remain as they are. •
System limitations
Applies to vehicles : with adaptive cruise cont rol
General information
Some driving situations which affect the function of the
radar sensor are described below.
When driving, the adaptive cru ise contro l is governed by physical and
system-specified limits. Also, under certain circumstances, the ACC
system may react unexpectedly or late from the driver's point of view.
Therefore, a lways be attentive and intervene, if necessary:
• when driving around curves:::::,
page 128
• when vehicles in front are not in line with your vehicle:::::, page 128
• whe n other ve hicles are changing lanes:::::, page 128
• when other vehicles are difficult to detect:::::, page 129.
& WARNING
The radar sensor's vision can be reduced by rain, snow and heavy
spray . This can result in vehicles driving ahead being inadequately
detected or, in some circumstances , not detected at all. If neces­
sary, take action yourself!•
Vehicle care Technical data

1111..__A_ d_a_ p ::...... t_iv _ e_ c_r _u _i_ s _e _ c_o _n_ t_ r _o_ l ___________________________________________ _
Applie s to vehicles : w ith a daptiv e cr uise co ntrol
When driving around curves
~ ~;:;;;;;;:;;;:;;:;;;======== =;~
~
.J
Entering a curve
Fig. 125 Vehicle
entering a curve
Fig. 126 Vehicle
leaving a curve
When entering a curve, the adaptive cruise control may react to a
vehicle in the next lane and apply the brakes in your vehicle
=> fig. 125. The braking action can be overridden by depressing the
accelerator pedal.
Leaving a curve
At the exit from very long curves the predictive lane reading can cause
the adap tive cruise control to react to another vehicle in the next lane
and apply the brakes in your vehicle => fig. 126. The braking action
can be overridden by depressing the accelerator pedal.•
Appli es to v eh icles : wi th adaptive cru is e co ntro l
Vehicles offset to one side
Fig. 127 Vehicle trav­
eling ahead outside
the detection range of
the radar sensor
Vehicles traveling ahead and to one s ide cannot be detected by the
adaptive cruise control until they are within the detection range of
the sensor. •
Appli es to veh icle s: wit h ad aptiv e cruise co ntro l
Lane changes by other vehicles
Fig. 128 A vehicle
changes lanes
Vehicles wh ich move into your lane a short distance ahead cannot be
identified by the adaptive c ruise control until they are in the radar
sensor's detec tion range. •

IIII.___A_ d_ a,.:.p _ t_ i _v _ e_ c_ r _u _ is_ e_ c_o _n_ t_r _o _l _____________________________________________ _
The Audi braking guard is active from a speed of approx. 20 mph
(30 km/h) and works within the system limits=>
page 12 7 even when
the adaptive cruise control is deactivated.
A radar sensor is built into the front of the vehicle=>
page 116,
fig. 113. The system is intended to measure the distance to reflective
surfaces. If a measurement is not possible, the system does not
respond.
When the measurement has taken place, the system can assess a
hazardous situation, when a vehicle ahead suddenly brakes or when
your own vehicle is dr iving at high speed towards a much slower
vehicle ahead. As soon as the system assumes that a possible colli­
sion w ith the vehicle ahead can only be avoided by immediate all-out
braking or by an avoiding maneuver, a warning appears .
Th e system has a pre-set response time to be able to warn in good
time. This system response time is automatically reduced if you accel­
erate actively, for example to join a highway. Braking, transverse
acceleration and the steering angle can lead to a reduced system
response time. The warning is deactivated if you begin to overtake
with full accelerat ion.
The system draws your attention to two different hazardous situa ­
tions:
Distance
Th e distance wa rning is issued in the event of inadequate distance to
the vehicle ahead a period of more than S seconds. If the distance is
less than 30 feet (9 meters) at SO mph (80 km/h), for example, an
optical display is faded in on the instrument cluster=>
page 129,
fig. 132.
If the vehicle ahead brakes sharply, a collision cannot be avoided,
even in the case of an immediate response. In this case, increase the
distance to the vehicle ahead.
Speed
If there is a much slower vehicle ahead in your lane, or if the vehicle
ahead brakes sha rply, the Audi braking guard calculates the point from which a collision can only be avoided by all-out braking or by an
avoiding maneuver. If a warning does sound, a possible collision with
the vehicle in front can be avoided through an evasive maneuver or by
braking.
Th e warn ing is given in two stages:
• Pre-warning: An optical display appears in the instrument cluster
and a warning tone sounds.
• Acute warning: If you do not respond to the pre-warning, the
second stage, the acute warning, is issued. A brake jolt reminds you
to concentrate on the road again.
Under heavy breaking, brake assist =>
page 245 also helps you obtain
maximum braking effic ien cy.
& WARNING
Always pay attention to traffic, even when the Audi braking guard
is switched on. You are always resp onsible for
your speed and the
distance between your vehicle and other vehicles.
• Always keep the legally stipulated safety distance between
your vehicle and the vehicle ahead -danger of accident!
• The Audi braking guard does not respond outside the system
limits, for example if you approach a stationary obstacle (end of a
traffic jam or breakdown vehicle).
• Please observe that the Audi braking guard is subject to restric­
tions in narrow bends due to the field of vision of the radar sensor.
This may possibly lead to obstacles not being detected.
• The radar sensor's
vision can be reduced by rain, snow and
heavy spray . This can result in vehicles driving ahead being inade­
quately detected or, in some circumstances, not detected at all.
Always watch where you are driving.
• Reflecting objects such as e.g. crash barriers or the entrance to
a tunnel may impair the function of the radar sensor.•

Intelligent technology
--------------------------------------------------' "---.L==--
The system operates across the entire speed range in combination
with the ABS system. If the Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) malfunc­
tions, the ESP will also shut down.
How the system works
The Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS), Electronic Differential Lock (EDL)
and the Anti-Slip Regulation System (ASR) are integ rated in the elec­
tronic stabilization program . In addition to the data provided by
these functions, the ESP control unit requires additional measure­
ment data provided by high performance sensors . The rotational
speed of the vehicle about its vertical axis, vehicle acceleration in the
fore-and-aft and lateral directions, the brake pressure, and the
steering angle are all measured .
Th e direction in which the driver wishes to travel is determined with
the aid of the steering angle and vehicle speed and is con tinually
compared with the actual behavior of the vehicle. If the two do not
match, for example, when the vehicle starts hydroplaning on a wet
road, ESP will automatically brake the appropriate whee l to correct
the problem.
The vehicle is then stabilized by the forces acting on the whee l during
brak ing.
If the vehicle is oversteering (the vehicle turns too sharply
and the rear wheels slide toward the outside of a curve), the brakes
are mainly applied on the wheel that is on the outside of the curve. In
the case of a vehicle that is
understeering (the vehicle does not turn
sharply enough and pushes out of a curve), the brakes are applied as
needed on the wheel that is on the inside of the curve or additionally
on the other wheels. An acoustic signal indicates when ESP brake
application cuts in=> &.
The system operates across the entire speed range in combination
with the ABS system =>
page 245. If the Anti- Lock Brake System
(ABS) malfunctions, the ESP will be out of action as well.
Activating
When you turn on the engine, ESP will automatically be activated and
w ill perform a self-test. As soon as the test is comp leted, the system
is in normal operating mode.
Controls and equip­
ment Safety first Vehicle operation
You can activate a
deactivated ESP or deactivated ESP/ ASR if required
by pressing the =>
page 240, fig. 214 => page 240, fig. 213 button.
When they are activated, the message
ESP/ ASR on appears briefly
in the display.
Deactivating
The ESP should normally be activated all the time. If necessary, you
can deactivate Anti-Slip Regulation (ASR) or the Electron ic Stabiliza ­
tion Program (ESP) by press ing the button =>
page 240, fig. 214 .
• Deactivating ASR: Tap the button . In certain exceptional s itua­
t ions (e.g. driving with tire chains), the Anti-Slip Regu lation (ASR) can
be deact ivated =>
page 242. The message ASR off appears in the
display as we ll.
• Deactivating ESP/ASR Press the button for more than 3 seconds .
With the ESP/ASR deactivated, the ESP check light comes on, see
=>
page 14. The message ESP switched off appea rs in the display as
well.
& WARNING
The Electronic Stabilization Program is nevertheless subject to the
laws of physics. It is particularly important to pay attention to
this fact on wet and slippery roads. It is therefore important that
you always adapt your driving to the condition of the road and
traffic conditions . Do not allow the increased safety provided by
the Electronic Stabilization Program system to lull you into
accepting additional safety risks.
u
Vehicle care Do-it-yourself service Technical data

Intelligent t echnology
---------------------------------------
Electronic differential lock (EDL)
The elec tronic differen tial lock monitors the rotational
speed of the drive wheels.
G en era l not es
The electronic differentia l lock (EDL) helps the ca r to sta rt moving,
accelerate and climb a gradient on surfaces provid ing poor or almost
no grip . W ithout ED L, this would be d iff icu lt, if not impossible.
How the sy stem works
The EDL operates automatically. It mo nitors the rota tional speed of
wheels with the help of the ABS sensors=>
page 245. If a not iceab le
slip is detected at the wheels (e.g. on slippery g round on one side),
the spinn ing wheels are braked and power is transferred to the other
wheels . This is done up to a speed of about 60 mph (100 km/h).
No ises from the brake system signal that wheel sp in is being
controlled.
Driv ing off
When d riving off, always be s ure to keep road conditions in mind as
you accelerate. If one drive wheel spins because it is on a surface with
less grip, apply
plenty of throttle until the car starts to move.
O verheating of bra kes
To prevent the disc b rake of the bra ked wheel from ove rhea ting if
subjected to excessive loads on this wheel, the EDL cuts out tempo­
ra rily. The vehicle remains operat io nal and be haves in the same way
as a veh icle without EDL.
As soon as the brake has coo led down, EDL switches on again auto ­
matically.
Electronic limited slip differential
In vehicles w ith front wheel drive *, an e lectron ic lim ited slip d ifferen­
tial engages when driving on curves . The brakes are applied spec ifi­
cally to the front wheel that is on the inside of the curve. T his m ini­
m izes sliding on the front wheels and enables precise and neutral dr
iv ing t hrouge curves. The electronic lim ited slip differentia l does
no t engage whe n driving in we t cond it io ns or snow.
& WARNING
• Wh en acc elerating on slipp ery s urface s, such a s on ice or snow,
always be careful when depre ssing the accele rator pedal. Even
with the EDL and the electroni c limited slip differential working,
the dr ive wh eels can spin and reduce you r ability to control your
c ar . -Ri sk of cra sh!
• The increased safet y afforded b y EDL and the electronic l imited
slip differ ential d oes not mean th at you can take safety risks .
Alw ay s adapt your d riving st yle to the road c onditions and traffi c
si tuation.
[ i ] Tips
If a fa ult occurs in the ABS, the EDL is also not funct ioning. This is
ind icated by the ABS warn ing light=>
page 16 . •
Anti-Slip Regulation System (ASR)
The Anti-Slip Regulation System prevents the driven
wheels from spinning when the car is a ccelerating.
General notes
T he Anti-Slip Regu lation System (ASR) is in tegrated in the electronic
stabilization program (ESP) . When the veh icle starts up and acceler­
a tes, the wheels are preven ted from sp inning by adjust ing the engine
power to match the amount of grip ava ilable from the road surface.
How the system works
ASR performs automatica lly, i.e. without the driver's intervent ion.
With the a id o f the ABS sensors=>
page 245, ASR moni tors the speed
of the driven wheels. If the wheels start to spin, engine torque is
reduced automatically unti l the tires find enough grip to lock onto
the road s urface. The system is active across the entire speed range . .,