engine AUDI R8 SPYDER 2011 Service Manual

152 Intelligent te chn olog y
deactivat ed, or they are activated auto­
matically in the deactivated state .
- If a malfunction occurs in the E DS, this is
signaled by an indicator light, see
~ page 18.
- Some tracks (e.g . steeply banked turns)
may affect ESP response.
Rear spoiler
T h e rear spoil er improv es vehicle handling
and enhances driver control .
Fig . 134 Sw it ch for re ar s po ile r
The rear spoi ler deploys and retracts . Spo iler
operat ion can be set fo r automatic or manual
operation.
Automatic mode (no rmal operation )
-Extending automa tically : This oc curs when
driv ing faster than approximately 62 mph
(100 km/h) or at a certain eng ine compart­
ment tempe rature
1>.
- Retracting automatically : This occurs when
dr iv ing slower than approximately 22 mph
(35 km/h) or at a certain engine compart­
ment temperature
1> .
M anual mode
- Extending manually : Press the switch
~ fig . 134 briefly to extend the rear spoiler
completely .
- Retracting manually : When dr iv ing at
speeds below approximately 12 mph (20 km/h), press and hold the switch to retract
the rear spo iler. When driving at speeds be­
tween 12 mph and 62 mph (20 km/h and
l) The rear s po iler o nly e xten ds or ret racts a bove ac er­
ta in eng in e te mp erat ure in some m odels.
100 km/h), press the switch briefly to re­
tract the rea r spoiler comp lete ly. You cannot
retract the rear spoi ler if it extended due to
the engine compartment temperature .
Indicator light
When the indicato r light f.-j appears, there is
a system malfunction . The rear spoiler may
not be able to extend . This cou ld change the
veh icle's d riving characterist ics at h igh
s peeds. Do not exceed 87 mph (140 km/h) .
Drive to your au thorized Audi dealer immedi­
ately to have the malfunction corrected .
A WARNING
Driving at higher speeds without the rear
spoiler deployed ca n impair handling char­
acteristics, making the ve hicle ha rder to
control.
- I mp rope r operation of the rear spoiler
can cau se crushing injuries. Always ma ke
sure tha t nobody, especia lly children, is
i n the way when the rear spoi ler is de­
p loyed or retracted.
- Always obey speed limits and other traf­
fic laws .
- H ot air from the eng ine compartmen t
can escape thro ugh the rear spo iler when
it is open and it could burn you .
(D Note
-Never push the vehicle or apply force to
t he rear spoiler -it could be damaged.
- Ope rate the rear spoiler manually on ly
when the eng ine compartmen t lid is
closed, otherwise there is a ris k of dam­
age .
(D Tips
Clean the spoiler comp artment eve ry 2 to
3 months. The spoiler compa rtment m ust
always be free of ice, snow, leaves or other
debr is.

Braking
New brake pads
During the firs t 250 miles (4 00 km), new
b rake pads do not possess their f ull braking
effect, they have to be "broken in" first. The
d istance can be ten times longer in ve hicles
with ceramic brakes *. Yo u can compensate f or
this slightly reduced b rak ing power by push­
in g harder on the b rake pedal. Avoid heavy
br ak ing loads during the b reak -in period.
Operating conditions and driving habits
The brakes on today's automob iles are st ill
subject to wear, depending largely on operat­
ing conditi ons and dr iv ing habits
c:> & . On ve­
hi cles that are either driven mostly in stop­
a n d-go ci ty traffic o r are d riven ha rd, the
b rake pads should be checked by you r auth or­
iz ed A udi dealer more o ften than specifie d in
the
Warranty & Maintenan ce booklet . Fail ure
to have your b rake pads inspected can res ult
i n re duced b rake performance.
O n steep slo pes, you shou ld use the b ra kin g
effec t of the eng ine. Th is w ay, yo u prevent un­
n ecessa ry wea r on the bra ke system . If you
must use yo ur brakes, do not ho ld the bra kes
down continuously. P ump the brakes at inte r­
va ls.
Moisture or road salt
A t speed s above 70 mph ( 110 k m/h) and wit h
the windshield wipe rs swi tched
on (at le ast in ­
terval stage 4), the bra ke pads are br iefly a p­
p lied against the bra ke discs. T his occ urs at
regu lar intervals witho ut the driver noticing
and prov ides for better brake response time
u nder wet condit io ns.
Unde r ce rtain conditions, for examp le, w hen
driving thr ough water or ve ry heavy rain, or
even after was hing yo ur vehicle, the brak ing
effect ca n be red uced d ue to moisture (or in
freezing conditions ice) on the brake pads. A
few ca utious brake applicat ions should d ry off
t he bra ke pads o r rem ove any ice coa tings.
The effective ness of the brakes can be reduced
when the vehicle is dr iven o n a salt-covered
Intelligent technology 153
road and the b ra kes are no t used . Li kewise,
yo u clean off accu mulated salt coatin g from
brake d iscs and pads with a few cautio us ap ­
plications of t he brake
c:> & .
Corrosion
The re may be a tendency for di rt to build up
on the brake pads and cor ros ion to form on
the discs if t he car is not driven regu la rly or
on ly for short trips w ith litt le use of the
brakes.
If the brakes are not use d frequently, o r if cor­
r os ion has formed on the discs, it is adv isa ble
to clean off the pads and d iscs by braking
firmly a few times from a moderately high
speed
c:> & .
Faults in the brake system
If you shou ld not ice a sudden in crease i n
brake pedal trave l, t hen one of the two brake
c ir cuits may have fa iled. Dr ive immediately to
the nearest qualified wor kshop to have the
damage repaired . Dr ive at reduced speed on
the way there and ant ici pate longer stopping
dis tances and high er pedal p ress ure c:> & .
Low brake fluid level
Malfunctions can occ ur in the brake system if
the brake fluid level is too low. The brake flu id
level is monitored elect ro nica lly.
Brake power assist unit
T he bra ke power assist unit increases the
pressure that you generate w ith the brake
pedal. It work s only when the engine is run­
ning.
Brake lining wear status
B ra ke lining wear may be che cke d by visual in ­
s p ection of t he condition of the bra ke pads
th ro ugh the open ings in the wheel. If neces ­
sary, the w hee l may be removed fo r thi s i n­
spect ion
c:> page 216 .
A WARNING
- You should perform braking mane uvers
f o r th e purpos e of cleaning the brake
s ys tem only if roa d condit ions permit.
•
•

154 Intelligent technology
Other road users must not be put at risk -
you may cause an accident!
- Before descending a steep grade, reduce
speed and shift transmission into a lower
gear or lower driving position . Do not
ride the brakes or hold the pedal down
too long or too often. This could cause
the brakes to get hot and diminish brak­ ing efficiency .
- Do not "ride the brakes" by resting your
foot on the pedal when you do not intend
to brake . This may cause the brakes to
overheat, premature wear and increased
stopping distance.
- Under certain climatic and operating
conditions such as passing through wa­
ter, driving in heavy rain or after washing
the vehicle, the effectiveness of the
brakes can be reduced. In winter, ice can
accumulate on the brake pads, linings,
discs and drums. Cautiously apply brakes
for a test . Brakes will dry and ice coat­
ings will be cleaned off after a few cau­
tious brake applications .
- Driving for an extended period of time on
salt-covered roads without using your
brakes can also affect braking efficiency .
Clean off accumulated salt coating from
brake discs and pads with a few cautious
brake applications.
- If you damage the front spoiler, or if you
install a different spoiler, be sure the air
flow to the front brakes is not obstruct­
ed. Otherwise the brake system could
overheat reducing the effectiveness of
the entire brake system.
- Failure of one brake circuit will impair
braking capability, resulting in increased
stopping distance. Avoid driving the vehi­
cle and have it towed to the nearest au­
thorized Audi dealer or qualified work­
shop.
- Never let the vehicle roll to a stop with
the engine shut off .
- If the brake booster is not working, for
example when towing your vehicle, or because the brake booster has somehow
been damaged, the brake pedal must be pressed considerably harder to make up
for the lack of booster assistance.
Power steering
When the engine is running , power steering
makes i t easier for the driver to steer.
Power steering helps the driver steer the vehi­
cle with little physical effort.
If the engine is not running, the power steer­
ing system is also not working . In this case ,
you will find it extremely difficult to turn the
steering wheel.
If you turn the steering fully to the left or
right when the vehicle is stationary, you place
a very heavy load on the power steering sys­
tem. Turning the steering wheel fully to the left or right will cause noise in the system. It
also reduces engine idle speed.
(D Note
Do not hold the steering turned fully to
the left or right for more than 10 seconds
when the engine is running . There is a risk
of damage to the power steering system .
(D Tips
-In the event of a power steering system
failure, or if the engine is not running
(while being towed), you will still be able
to steer the vehicle. However, you will re­
quire more effort to do so .
- If the power steering system has a leak
or is defective, you should immediately
contact a qualified workshop .
- The power steering system requires a
special hydraulic fluid. The power steer­
ing fluid reservoir is located in the en­
gine compartment. The correct hydraulic
fluid level is important for proper opera­
tion of the power steering system. The
power steering fluid level is checked ac­
cording to the Audi maintenance service
schedule.

Driving with your
quattro ®
With all-wheel drive, all four wheels are driv­
en .
General information
With all-wheel drive, power is distributed to
all four wheels . This happens automatically
depending on your driving style and the road
conditions at the time. See also
t::;> page 150.
Winter tires
When driving in the winter, your vehicle with
all-wheel drive has an advantage, even with regular tires. In winter road conditions it may
be advisable to mount winter tires (or all -sea­
son t ires) for improved driveability and brak­
ing: these tires must be mounted on
all four
wheels.
Snow chains
Where snow chains are mandatory on certain
roads, th is normally also applies to vehicles
with all-wheel drive
Q page 204 , Snow
chains.
Replacing wheels/tires
Only the wheel/tire sizes specified by the
manufacturer may be used on vehicles with
all-wheel drive
<=> page 199.
A WARNING
-Always adjust your driving to road and
traffic conditions. Do not let the extra
safety afforded by all-wheel drive tempt
you into taking extra risks.
- Although a ll-wheel drive is very effect ive,
always remember that braking capacity
is limited by tire traction. You should
therefore not drive at excessive speeds
on icy or slippery road surfaces.
- On wet road surfaces, be careful not to
drive too fast because the front wheels
cou ld beg in to slide on top of the water
(aquaplaning). If this should occur, you
will have no warning from a sudden in­
crease in engine speed as with a front-
-
Intelligent technology 155
wheel drive vehicle. Always drive at
speeds which are su ited to the road con­
ditions. -risk of crash.
Energy management
Starting ability is optimized
Energy management controls the distribution
of electrical energy and thus optimizes the
availability of electrical energy for starting the engine.
If a vehicle with a conventional energy system
is not driven for a long per iod of time, the bat­
tery is discharged by idling current consumers
(e .g. immobi lizer). In certain circumstances it
can resu lt in the re being insufficient energy
available to start the engine.
Intelligent energy management in your vehi­
cle handles the distribution of e lectr ical ener­
gy. Starting ability is markedly improved and
the life of the battery is extended .
Basically, energy management consists of
battery diagnosis , idling current manage­
ment
and dynamic energy management .
Battery diagnosis
Battery diagnosis continuously determines
the state of the battery. Sensors determine
battery voltage, battery current and battery
temperature . This determines the current
state of charge and the power of the battery.
Idling current management
Idling current management reduces energy
consumption while the vehicle is standing.
With the ign ition switched off, it controls the
energy supply to the various electrical compo­
nents. Data from battery diagnosis is consid­
ered.
Depending on the battery's state of charge,
individual cons umers are gradually turned off
to prevent excessive discharge of the battery
and thus maintain starting capability. .,..
•
•

156 Intelligent technology
Dynamic energy management
While the veh icle is be ing driven , dynamic en­
e rgy management distributes the energy gen­
erated according to the needs of the individu­
a l components . It regu lates consumption, so
that more electrical energy is not being used
than is being generated and ensures an opti­ mal state of charge for the battery .
(D Tips
- But even energy management cannot
negate the limits of physics. Consider
that the power and life of a battery are li mited .
- If starting ab ility is threatened, you are
i nformed by a warn ing
<=> page 156,
Driver notification in the instrument
cluster display .
What you should know
The highest priority is given to maintaining
starting capability.
The battery is severely taxed in short-distance
driving, in city traffic and during the cold time
of year. Abu ndant electr ical energy is re­
qu ired, but only a little is generated . It is also
cr itical if the engine is not running and elect ri­
cal components are turned on. In th is in­
stance energy is being consumed but none is
being generated .
It is in precisely these situations that you w ill
notice energy management actively regulat­
ing the distrib ution of energy .
Vehicle stands for an extended period
If you do not drive your vehicle over a period
of severa l days or weeks, elect rical compo­
nents are gradually cut back o r switched off .
This reduces energy consumption and main­
tains starting capabi lity over a longer period.
Take into considerat ion that when you un lock
your vehi cle, some convenience functions,
such as the remote key or power seat adjust­
ment, may not be available. The convenience
functions will be available again when you
turn on the ignition and start the engine. With the
engine turned off
If you listen to the radio, for examp le, w ith
the engine turned off, the battery is being dis­
charged.
If starting capability is jeopardized due to en­
ergy consumption , a message appea rs in the
driver information display.
You have to start the engine to charge the batte ry.
With the engine running
Although electrical energy is generated when
the vehicle is being driven, the battery can be­
come discharged. This happens mostly when
little energy is being gene rated and a great
deal consumed and the battery's state of
charge is not optimal.
To bring the energy balance back into equili­
brium , consume rs which requ ire espec ially
large amounts of energy are temporar ily cut
back or sw itched off. Heating systems in par­
ticu lar require a great deal of energy. If you
notice, for example, that the heated seats or
the heated rear window are not heating, they
have been temporarily cut back or switched
off . These systems will be available again as
soon as the ene rgy balance has been restored.
You wi ll also notice that engine id le speed has
been increased slightly . Th is is normal and not
a cause for concern. By increasing engine idle
speed the additional energy required is gene r­
ated and the battery is charged .
Driver notification in the instrument
cluster display
If battery power drops into the range where it
can limit the ability of the engine to start, this
is shown in the instrument cluster display
with the following driver message:
(•i Low battery charge: battery will be
charged while driving
T h is not ificat io n r eminds you that the start ing
capability of the engine may be lim ited. As
soon as you start driving again, the battery .,..

will be recharged and the notification will go
out.
Driver notification appears and goes out
again
If this driver notification appears after the ig­
nition is turned on or while driv ing and it goes
out again after a wh ile, the battery has been
adequately recharged.
Driver notification appears and does not
go out again
If this driver notification appears after the ig­
nition is turned on or while driv ing and does
not go out again, the battery's state of charge
is not in the optimal range. Starting ability is
restricted. Have the battery checked as soon
as poss ible by an author ized Audi dealer or
qualified workshop.
Dry sump lubrication
H igh lateral and long itud inal forces affect the
engine and the vehicle during sporty driving.
Dr y sump l ubr ica tion ensures that your engine
i s supplied w ith oil and properly lub ricated
even under these conditions.
I n a "normal" veh icle the o il pump sends the
oil from the oil pan to the lubrication points in
the engine. The oil then returns to the oil pan .
I n extreme situations, the oil pump may draw
in air, which results in insufficient oil pressure.
With dry sump lubrication, the oil is not in the
oil pan (it is "d ry"), but in a separate oi l tank.
While one pump supplies the engine with oi l,
a second pump suctions the oi l out of the en­
g ine and returns it to the oil tank . Because the
oil tank is ta ll and narrow, o il pressure is con­
stant even under extreme conditions.
In addition, the oil pan in vehicles with dry
sump lubrication is noticeably sha llower. Th is
allows the engine to be installed lower in the
vehicle, bringing down the center of gravity .
This improves your vehicle's handling .
Intelligent technology 157
•
•

158 Driving and en vi ro nm ent
Driving and
environment
Break-in period
A new vehicle must be broken in, and the break-in per iod should be 1,500 miles (2,500
km) . Do not use full acceleration for the first
600 miles (1,000 km) and do not exceed the
maximum eng ine speed of 6,000 rpm You
must also not use fu ll acce lerat ion between
600 and 1,200 mi les (1,000 to 2,000 km).
F rom 1,200 to 1,500 mi les (2,000 to 2,500
km), you can gradua lly increase maxim um en­
gine speed to 8,250 rpm for brief periods.
During the first ho urs of operation, there is
g reater friction in the engine and the trans­
mission than later when a ll the moving parts
have broken in.
The way yo u drive duri ng the first 1,500 miles
(2,500 km) affects engine quality. If you drive
at moderate engine speeds thereafter, partic ­
u lar ly when the engine is cold, yo u reduce en ­
g ine wear and increase the potential mileage
of the engine.
Do not drive at RPMs that are too low. Shift
down when the engine is no longer running
"smoothly". Extreme ly high RPMs are gov­
erned automatically.
Driving through water
on roads
Note the following to avoid vehicle damage
when dr iving through water, for example on
flooded roads:
- The water must not be any higher than the
bottom of the vehicle body .
- Do not drive faster than wa lking speed.
.&_ WARNING
After driving through water, mud, slush,
etc., the brakes may be slow to take effect
because of wet b rake roto rs and pads. Dry
t he brakes fi rst by bra king carefully to re­
sto re the full braking effect.
-
(D Note
Vehicle components such as the eng ine,
transmission, suspension or e lectrical sys­
tem can be severe ly damaged by dr iv ing
through water.
@ Tips
- Check the depth of the water before d riv­
ing through it.
- Do not stop the vehicle, drive in reverse
or switch the engine off when driving
through water.
- Keep in mind that oncoming vehicles
may create waves that raise the water
level and make it too deep for your vehi­
cle to drive through safely .
- Avo id driving through salt water because
it can cause corros ion.
Catalytic converter
You must use lead-free gasoline in your veh i­
cle, otherwise you will destroy the catalyt ic
converter.
Never run the fuel tank completely dry; their­
regular fuel supply could cause misfires . This
allows unburned fuel into the exhaust system,
poss ibly resulting in overheating and damage
to the catalytic converter .
.&_ WARNING ,-
-Do not park or operate the vehicle in
areas where the hot exha ust system may
come in co nta ct with dry g rass, brush,
fue l spills or o ther material which can
cause a fire.
- Do not app ly addition al under coating or
r u stproofing on or nea r the exhaust
manifold, exhaust pipes, catalytic con­
verter or heat shields . Dur ing driving, the
substance used for undercoating could
overheat and cause a fire.
(D Note
To ensure efficient o peration of the Emis­
s ion Control System:

-Have you r vehicle maintained properly
and in accordance with the service rec­
ommendat ions in your Warranty
& Main­
tenance booklet.
- Lack of proper maintenance as well as
improper use of the vehicle will impair
the function of the Emission Control Sys­
tem and could lead to damage.
Sporty driving
Warming up and cooling down
By carefully warming up and cooling down
your vehicle, you can he lp ensure that it is not
overstressed unnecessarily during sporty driv ­
ing.
When warming up, the vehicle is driven at a maximum engine speed of
6000 RPM
(Vl0 engine) or 7000 RPM (V8 engine) in or­
der to raise the engine oil temperature to a minimum of
140 °F (60 °(). The tires also on­
ly reach their full road holding capability once
they have warmed up .
The cooling fan can continue to run in your ve­ h icle after the engine is switched
off. H owev­
er, driving the vehicle to cool it down is part ic ­
ularly important. During sporty driving, the
engine and brakes, the exhaust system, and
the t ransm ission all become ex treme ly hot.
Before you park the vehicle, you shou ld d rive
it for a few mi les/kilometers at light load in
the low rpm range to allow it to coo l down .
Driving on a track
Before you take your vehicle out on a track,
ensure that it is in perfect condition. For ex­
ample, you should check the tire tread and the brake pads . It is best to increase t ire pressure
by about 0 .3 bar .
When driving on a track, oil consumption may be somewhat higher than in "normal" opera­
tion ¢page
180.
You shou ld definitely inspect your vehicle af­
ter subjecting it to severe condit ions. Are the
brake pads OK? Is there anything unusual
Dri vin g and en vironm ent 159
about the ti res, including the inner and outer
sidewa lls (e.g . tread, blistering)? Are the air
intakes free of leaves and tire dust? Is the o il
l evel OK?
Your authorized Audi dea ler or qua lified work­
shop will be happy to undertake an inspection
before and after use on the race track.
(D Tips
- Some race tracks (e.g . steeply banked
t u rns) may affect the response of the
ESP .
- When driven on a race track, all vehicle
parts are severe ly stressed. This can re ­
sult in increased wear.
Operation and maintenance
Fuel economy, env ironme nta l impact, and
wear on your eng ine, brakes and tires largely
depend on three factors:
- your personal driving style
- operating conditions
- technical limitations
By having your ve hicle reg ularly se rv iced by an
authorized Aud i dea ler helps to ens ure that i t
r uns properly and econom ica lly. The condition
of your veh icle not only affects its safety and
ability to ho ld its va lue, it a lso affects
f u el
con sumptio n.
The amount o f oi l used is re lated to engine
load and speed .
It is normal fo r the oil consump tion of a new
engine to reac h its lowest value after a certa in
mileage has been d riven.
You must drive your veh icle about 3,000 mi les
(5,000 kilometers) before you can p rope rly
assess oil consumpt ion.
This also app lies to fue l cons umption and en­
gine output.
(D Note
- Have your veh icle ma inta ined properly
and in accordance with the service
•
•

~ For cleaning, use a mild soap and water sol­
u tion . Let be lts dry thoroughly and away
from direct sunlight.
~ Do not allow inertia reel safety be lts to re­
tract before they are completely dry.
~ Check the condition of your safety belts reg­
ularly .
A WARNING
Damaged safety belts can break in a crash.
- Anything that might damage your safety
belts could mean that you and your pas­
sengers would not be adequately pro­
tected in an accident.
- Safety belt performance depends on cor­
rect installation. Never remove belts
from the vehicle to clean them.
- Do not use chemical cleaning agents,
bleach or dyes. They have corrosive prop­
erties which weaken the webbing.
- When cleaning your safety belts, inspect
them for damage . If you discover dam­
age, see your authorized Audi dealer.
- Always read and heed all WARNINGS and
the information
<=? page 161.
Engine compartment
Be especially careful when cleaning the en­
gine compartment.
Corrosion protection
The engine compartment and transmission
have been corrosion -protected at the factory .
Good anti-corrosion treatment is very impor­
tant, particularly in the winter. If the vehicle
is frequently driven on salt treated roads, the
entire engine compartment and plenum panel
should be thoroughly cleaned at the end of
winter and retreated to prevent salt damage. At the same time, the underside of the vehicle
should be washed as well.
If the engine compartment is cleaned at any
time with grease removing solutions
1>, or if
l) Use only the correc t cleaning sol utio ns. Never use gas­
oline or diesel fuel.
Cleaning and protection 169
you have the engine washed, the anti-corro­
sion treatment is almost always removed as
well. It is therefore essential to have a long­
lasting corrosion protection reapplied to all
surfaces, seams, joints and components in the
engine compartment.
A WARNING
Be aware: The engine compartment of any
motor vehicle is a potentially hazardous
area.
- Before working in the engine compart­
ment, be sure to read the information
<=? page 175.
-Before reaching into the front plenum
panel, always remove the ignition key.
Otherwise, the windshield wiper system
could unintentionally be switched on,
possibly causing persona l injury from the
moving wiper linkage.
- Never reach into the area around or
touch the radiator fan. The auxiliary fan is temperature controlled and can switch
on suddenly -even when the ignition is
off.
- Do not wash, wax or dry the engine with
the engine running. Moving or hot parts
could injure you.
- Do not clean the underside of the chas­
sis, fenders, wheel covers, or other hard
to reach parts without protecting your
hands and arms . You may cut yourself on
sharp-edged metal parts.
- Always read and heed all WARNINGS and
other information
<=?page 161.
•
•

170 Fuel supply and filli ng your fuel tank
Fuel supply and filling
your fuel tank
Gasoline
Fuel supply
Using the right fuel helps keep the environ­
ment clean and prevents engine damage .
Fuel re co mm endation
The fuel recommended for your vehicle is un ­
lead ed pr emium
grade gasoline . See also
¢ page 228, Data . Audi recommends using
TOP TIER Detergent Gasol ine with a minimum
octane rating of 91 AK I (95 RON). For more
information on TOP TI ER Detergent Gasoline,
p lease go to the officia l website (www.toptier­
gas.com).
The recommended gasoline octane rating for
your engine can a lso be found on a label locat­
ed on the inside of the fuel filler flap . This rat­
ing may be specified as AKI or RON.
Your veh icle may also be operated using un­
leaded regular gasoline with a minimum oc­
tane rating of 87 AKI/91 RON . However, using
87 AKI/91 RON octane fuel wi ll slightly re ­
duce engine performance.
U se unl ead ed gasolin e onl y. Unleaded gaso­
line is available throughout the USA, Canada ,
and in most European countries . We recom­
mend that you do not take your vehicle to
areas or countries where unleaded gasoline may not be available.
F or more informat ion on refue ling your vehi­
cle, see
¢ page 171.
Octane rat ing
Octane rating ind icates a gasoline's ability to
resist engine damaging "knock" caused by
premature ign ition and detonation. Therefore,
buying the correct grade of gasoline is very
important to help prevent possible engine
damage and a loss of engine performance.
Gasoline most commonly used in the United
States and Canada has the following octane ratings that can usually be found on the fi
ller
pump:
- Premium Grade: 91 -96 AKI
- Regular Grade: 87 - 90 AKI Explanation of the abbreviations:
AKI = Anti Knock Index = (R+M)/2 = (RON
+ MON)/2
RON= Research Octane Number
MON = Motor Octane Number .
(D Note
-Do not use any fuel w ith octane rat ings
lower than 87 AKI or 91 RON otherwise
expensive engine damage w ill occur.
- Do
not use leaded gasoline! The use of
leaded gasoline w ill severely damage
your vehicle's catalytic converter and its
ability to control exhaust emissions .
Blended gasoline
Use of gaso line co ntainin g alc ohol or
MTBE (m ethyl tertia ry butyl eth er)
You may use unleaded gasoline blended with
alcohol or MTBE (commonly referred to as
oxygenates) if the blended mixture meets the
fo llowing criteria:
Blend of gaso line m ethanol (wood alc ohol or
methyl alcohol )
-Anti -knoc k index must be 87 A KI or h igher.
- Blend must contain no more than 3% meth-
anol.
- Blend must contain more than 2% co-sol-
vents .
Blend of g asoline and etha nol (gra in alcohol
or eth yl alcohol )
-Anti -knock index must be 87 AKI or higher .
- Blend must not contain more than 10% ethanol.
Blend of g asoline a nd MTBE
-Anti-knock index must be 87 AKI or h igher . ll-