Iat BMW 325i 1993 E36 Manual PDF

200-2
TRANSMISSION-GENERAL

Transmission
ID
Codes

On
both
manual
and
automatic
transmissions,
the
code
let-

ter
and
transmission
type
numbers
should
be
located
onan
ID

plate
attached
to
the
síde
of
thetransmission
.
Do
not
rely
on

numbers
cast
on
the
transmission
case
for
identification
.

In
addition,
thetransmission
lubricant
varies
between
trans-

missions
and
model
years
.
Fluid
application
information
should
be
clearly
marked
on
a
label
on
thetransmission
.

On
manual
transmissions,
either
ATF
(orange
label
reads

ATF-Oil!)
or
a
special
BMW
lubricant
(yellow
label
reads
MTF-

LT
1)
are
used
.
See
230Manual
Transmission
.

Automatic
transmissions
are
filled
with
either
Dexron
III
ATF
(black
trans
.
type
plate
reads
ATF-Oil!),
a
special
ffe-
time
oil
(green
trans
.
type
plate
reading
Life-Time
ó1)
.
See
240AutomaticTransmission
.

GENERAL

CAUTION-

lf
in
doubtas
to
the
typeof
fluid
installed
in
a
par-
ticular
transmission,
consult
and
authorized
BMW
dealer
service
department
for
the
latest
in
operat-
ing
fluids
.

Fig
.
2
.



Typical
location
of
IDpíate
on
automatic
transmission
housing
(arrow)
.
A4S
310R
(THM-R1)

210-2
CLUTCH

Clutch
hydraulic
system,

bleeding
and
flushing

If
the
clutch/brake
fluid
is
murky
or
muddy,
or
has
not
been

changed
within
the
last
two
years,
the
system
should
be

flushed
.
Flushing
the
old
fluid
from
the
clutch
lines
is
done
us-

ing
a
brake
system
pressure
bleeder
.

1
.
Remove
brake
fluíd
reservoir
cap
.
Usinga
clean
sy-

ringe,
remove
brake
fluid
from
reservoir
.
Refill
reservoir

with
clean
fluid
.

2
.
Attach
pressure
brake
bleeder
to
fluid
reservoír
.

CA
UTION-

Do
not
exceed
2
bar
(29
psi)
pressure
at
the
fluid
reservoir
when
bleeding
or
flushing
the
hydraulic
system
.

3
.
Connect
a
length
of
hose
from
clutch
slave
cylinder

bleeder
valve
lo
a
container
.
See
Fig
.
2
.

0012003
Fig
.
2
.



Clutch
slave
cylinder
bleeder
valve
on
left
side
of
transmission
(arrow)
.

4
.
Open
bleeder
valve
and
allow
brake
fluid
to
expel
until
clean
fluid
comes
out
free
of
air
bubbles
.

5
.
Close
bleeder
valve
and
disconnect
pressure
bleeding
equipment
from
fluid
reservoir
.
Hose
on
bleeder
valve
remainsconnected
.

6
.
Slowly
operate
clutch
pedal
about10
times
.
Fill
reser-
voir
with
clean
fluid
asnecessary
.

7
.
Unbolt
slavecylinder
from
transmission
.

8
.
Position
slave
cylinder
so
that
bleeder
valve
is
facing
up
(highest
point)
.

CLUTCH
HYDRAULICS

9
.
Open
bleeder
valve
and
slowly
push
slave
cylinder

pushrod
al¡
the
way
in
.
Close
bleeder
valve
and
slowly

release
pushrod
.
Repeat
procedure
until
fluid
runs
out

clear
and
without
bubbles
.

10
.
Disconnect
bleeder
hose
.
Instan
slavecylinder
lo
trans-

mission
.
Add
cleanbrake
fluid
to
reservoir
as
neces-

sary
.
Check
clutch
operation
.

Tightening
Torques

"
Clutch
slave
cylinder
to
transmission
................
..
22
Nm
(17
ft
lb)

Clutch
master
cylinder,
replacing

The
clutch
master
cylinder
is
mounted
to
the
pedal
assem-

bly,
directly
above
the
clutch
pedal
.
1
.
Disconnect
negative
(-)
cable
from
battery
.

CAUTION-

Prior
to
disconnectiog
the
battery,
read
the
battery
disconnection
cautionsgiven
at
the
front
of
this
manual
on
page
viii
.

2
.
Remove
brake
fluid
reservoir
cap
.
Usinga
clean
sy-

ringe,
remove
brake
fluid
from
reservoir
.

CA
UTION-

Brake
fluid
is
poisonous,
highly
corrosive
and
dan-gerous
to
the
environment
.
Wear
safety
glasses
and
rubbergloves
when
working
with
brake
fluid
.
Do
notsiphonbrake
fluid
with
your
mouth
.
Imme-
diately
clean
away
any
fluid
spilled
on
painted
sur-
faces
and
wash
with
water,
asbrake
fluid
will
remove
point
.

3
.
Disconnect
fluid
supply
hose
from
master
cylinder
.

Placea
pan
under
hose
to
catch
any
excess
fluid
.

4
.
Working
in
engine
compartment,
disconnect
fluid
line
fitting
frommaster
cylinder
.

5
.
Working
in
passenger
compartment,
remove
lower
in-
strument
panel
trim
above
pedal
cluster
.

6
.
Disconnect
clutch
pedal
from
clutch
master
cylinder
push
rod
by
removing
clevis
pin
locking
clip
and
slide
out
clevis
pin
.

7
.
Remove
master
cylinder
mounting
bolts
.
See
Fig
.
3
.

8
.
Installation
is
reverse
of
removal
.
Fill
fluid
reservoir
with
clean
fluid
.
Bleed
clutch
hydraulics
as
described
earlier
.

Connect
negative
cable
to
battery
last
.

210-
6
CLUTCH

9
.
Clean
and
inspectrelease
bearing
guide
sleeve
on

transmission
.
Install
release
lever
and
release
bearing
.

See
Fig
.
11
.

A

0011582

Fig
.
11
.
Clutchrelease
bearing
correctly
installed
on
guide
sleeve
(A)
.
Bearing
tabs
(B)
align
with
contact
points
(C)
on
release
lever
.

10
.
Insta¡¡
transmission
.
See230
Manual
Transmission
.

Tightening
Torques

"
Flywheel
to
crankshaft
(use
new
bolts)

M42/M44
engines
....
.
..
...
....
120
Nm
(89
ft-Ib)
All
others
..........
..
.
..
......
105
Nm
(77
ft-Ib)

"
Pressure
píate
to
flywheel

M8
8
.8
grade
......
...
.
.
........
24
Nm
(18
ft-Ib)
M8
10
.9
grade
.....
..
..
..
.......
34
Nm
(25
ft-Ib)

CLUTCH
MECHANICAL

Transmission
pilot
bearing,
replacing

1
.
Remove
clutch
as
described
earlier
.

2
.
Remove
transmission
pilot
bearing
from
end
ofcrank-

shaft
using
BMW
special
tool
no
.
11
2
340,
or
equiva-
lent
.

3
.
Press
new
bearing
finto
placeusing
BMW
Specíal
Tool

no
.
11
2
350,or
equivalent
.

11
.
Raise
transmission
and
reinstall
transmission
cross-

member
.

12
.
Install
driveshaft
using
new
nuts
.
See
260
Driveshaft
.

13
.
Check
transmission
oil
leve¡,
topping
up
asnecessary
.

Tightening
Torques

"
Transmission
crossmember
to
chassis

M8
...............
.
...
.
..
22-24
Nm
(16-17
ft-Ib)

M10
..............
.
..
...
..
.
...
42
Nm
(31
ft-Ib)

"
Transmission
outputflange
to
output
shaft



O



001202
2
Z
:Z
ZZZ~
%
_
j
Stage
I.................
..
.
..
190
Nm
(140
ft-Ib)

Stage
II
(after
loosening)
....
.
.
.
..
120
Nm
(89
ft-Ib)



Fi
g
.
9
.



Indent
at
oil
seal
housing
(1)
.
Punch
holes
in
seal
housing
at

Inputshaft
sea¡,
replacing

(transmission
removed)

Replacement
of
the
inputshaft
sea¡
requires
the
removal
of

thetransmission
from
the
vehicle
as
described
later
in
this
re-

pair
group
.

5
.
Lubricate
new
sea¡with
transmission
oil
and
drive
into

1
.
Remove
clutch
release
bearing
and
release
lever
from



placeusing
BMW
Special
Tool
no
.
23
2
430
or
equiva-

inside
bellhousing
.



lent
.

2
.
Remove
bolts
for
clutch
release-bearing
guide
sleeve,



6
.
Thoroughly
cleanguide
sleeve
mounting
bolts,
sealin

noting
bolt
lengths
.
Remove
sleeve
and
any
spacers



surfaces,
and
threads
in
case
.
Apply
sealer
(Loctite

(shims)
under
¡t
.
See
Fig
.
8
.



242
or
equivalent)
to
guide
sleeve
sealingsurface
and

bolts
.
Reinstall
guide
sleeve
and
spacer(s)
.

0011640

Fig
.
8
.



Clutch
release
bearing
guide
sleeve
bolts
.
(Getrag
transmis-

sion
shown)
.

3
.
With
transmission
on
aworkbench,
remove
input
shaft

sea¡
cover
from
inside
bel¡-housing
.

4
.
Locate
two
indents
in
seal
housing
.
Use
a
punch
or

scribe
to
punch
holes
in
housing
at
indents
.
Thread
two

sheetmetal
screws
into
holes
and
pulí
seal
out
using

screws
.
See
Fig
.
9
.

MANUAL
TRANSMISSION



230-
5

indents
anduse
sheetmetal
screw
(2)
to
pul¡
sea¡
from
trans-
mission
.

NOTE-

Use
care
not
to
scratch
or
damage
input
shaft
.
Use
a
protective
sleeve
or
tape
the
shaft
when
removing
and
installing
the
sea¡
.

Tightening
Torque

"
Guide
sleeveto
transmission

M6xl2
bolt
.......
...
.
.
.........
10
Nm
(89
in-lb)

TRANSMISSION
REMOVAL

AND
INSTALLATION

Removal
and
installation
of
the
transmission
is
best
accom-

plished
ona
lift
using
a
transmission
jack
.
The
engine
must
be

supported
from
above
using
appropriate
support
equipment
.

Thisallows
the
engine
to
pivot
on
its
mounts
to
access
theup-

perTorx-head
bolts
at
the
bellhousing
.

WARNING
-

"
Make
sure
thecar
is
stable
and
well
supported
at

all
times
.
Use
a
professional
automotive
lift
or
jack
stands
designed
for
the
purpose
.
A
floor
jack
is
not
adequate
support
.

"
The
removal
of
the
transmission
may
upset
the

balance
of
the
vehicle
ona
líft
.

TRANSMISSION
REMOVAL
AND
INSTALLATION

13
.
Remove
transmission
mounting
bolts
(Torx-head)
.

Note
length
and
location
of
bolts
.
See
Fig
.
13
.

Fig
.
13
.
Transmission
mounting
bolts
.

0611642

CA
UTION-

Atno
time
should
the
weight
of
thetransmission
be
supported
by
the
transmission
inputshaft
.

NOTE
-

Washers
should
always
be
used
with
Torx-head
bolts
.

Installing
bolts
without
washers
will
make
them
difficult

to
loosen
.

MANUAL
TRANSMISSION



230-
7

Fig
.
14
.
Bellhousing
alignment
dowels
(arrows)
.

16
.
Install
driveshaft
and
preload
center
bearing
bracket
.

Usenew
nuts
when
mounting
driveshaft
to
transmis-

síon/flex
disc
and
final
drive
.
See
260
Driveshaft
.

17
.
Refill
transmission
with
appropriate
lubricant
before

starting
or
towingthe
car
.
See
Transmission
Fluid

Service
earlier
in
this
repair
group
.

14
.
Remove
transmission
by
pulling
backward
until
the
trans-



Tightening
Torques

mission
inputshaft
clears
the
clutch
disc
splines,
then



"
Reinforcing
cross
brace

pulí
downwards
.
Lower
jack
andremove
transmission
.



to
chassis
(M10)
.
...
.............
42
Nm
(31
ft-Ib)

"
Rubber
mount
to
transmission

15
.
Installation
is
reverse
of
removal,
keeping
in
mind
the



or
bracket
nut
(M8)
.
...
.
...
.......
21
Nm
(16
ft-Ib)

following
:



"
Slave
cylinder
to
transmission
......
22
Nm
(16
ft-Ib)

"
When
installing
exchange
transmission,
transfer
parts



"
Transmission
crossmember
to
chassis

from
old
unit
to
exchange
unit



M8
...............
.
.
...
..
22-24
Nm
(16-17
ft-Ib)

"
Thoroughly
clean
inputshaft
and
clutch
disc
splines
.



M10
..............
.
..
..
.......
42
Nm
(31
ft-Ib)

Lightly
lubrícate
transmission
inputshaft
before
in-



"
Transmission
to
engine
(Torx-head)

stalling
.-



M8
..
..................
..
.
..
..
22
Nm
(16
ft-Ib)

"
Be
sure
bellhousing
dowels
are
correctly
located
.
See



M10
.
.................
...
.
..
..
43
Nm
(32
ft-Ib)

Fig
.
14
.



M12
.
..................
..
.
..
..
72
Nm
(53
ft-Ib)

"
Center
rear
of
transmission
in
driveshaft
tunnel
before



"
Transmission
drain/fill
plugs
.
..
.
..
..
50
Nm
(37
ft-Ib)

tightening
transmission
support
bracket
.

TRANSMISSION
REMOVAL
AND
INSTALLATION

240-2



AUTOMATIC
TRANSMISSION

WARNING
-

If
the
appropriate
temperature
measuring
equip-
ment
is
not
available,
ATF
leve¡
checking
shouldbe
left
to
an
authorized
BMW
dealer
The
checking
pro-
cedure
should
be
done
on
a
lift
with
the
engine
run-
ning
in
neutral
.
In
addition,
the
transmission
fluid
temperature
must
be
maintained
within
a
narrow
range
duringthe
checking
procedure
.

1
.
Place
vehicle
on
a
lift
.

WARNING
-

To
lift
the
vehicle
safely,
see
010
Fundamentals
for
the
Do-it-Yourself
Owner
.

2
.
Warm
up
drivetrain
by
running
engine
until
ATF
reach-

es
specified
temperature
.
Apply
brake
and,
while
idling
engine,
shift
through
all
gears
severa¡
times
.
Turn
en-
gine
off
.

ATF
Level
Checking

"
Fluid
temperature
..
...........
30-55°C
(86-131°F)

3
.
Remove
ATF
fill
plug
.
Place
transmission
in
neutral
and



ATF,draining
and
filling
restart
engine
.
See
Fig
.
1
or
Fig
.
2
.

Fig
.
1
.



ATF
fill
plug
(A)
on
MS
270R/A4S310R
transmissions
.

4
.
With
ATF
at
specified
temperature,
add
(luid
until
it
spilis
from
fill
hole
.

WARNING
-

HotATFcan
scald
.
Weareye
protection
and
protec-
tive
clothing
and
gloves
duringthe
check
.
If
thetransmission
was
overfilled,
hot
ATF
will
spill
from
the
filler
hole
when
the
fill
plug
is
removed
.

5
.
Reinstall
fill
plug
using
new
sealing
ring
.

TRANSMISSION
SERVICE

011743

0011742

Fig
.
2
.



ATF
drain
plug
(A)
and
fill
plug
(B)
on
A5S
310Z
transmission
.

Tightening
Torques

"
ATF
fill
plug
to
ATF
sump

MS
270R/A4S
31
OR
.............
33
Nm
(24
ft-Ib)
MS
310Z
(M30
plug)
............
100
Nm
(74
ft-Ib)

The
procedure
given
here
includes
removal
and
installation

of
the
ATF
(luid
strainer
(filter)
.

1
.
Remove
drain
plug
and
drain
fluidinto
container
.
See
Fig
.
3
or
Fig
.
2
given
earlier
.

0~
0

/\1--Z
.IZ
~
~

A



~
"o



15/

Fig
.
3
.



ATF
drain
plug
(A)
on
A4S
270R/A4S
310R
.

WARNING
-

The
ATF
must
not
be
hot
when
draining
.
Do
not
drain
the
ATF
if
the
engineandlor
transmission
Is
hot
.
Hot
ATF
can
scald
.
Wear
eye
protection,
pro-
tective
clothing
and
gloves
.

0011595

240-
4



AUTOMATIC
TRANSMISSION

TRANSMISSION
REMOVALAND

INSTALLATION

Removal
and
installation
of
thetransmission
is
best
accom-

plished
on
a
lift
using
a
transmission
jack
.
Use
caution
and

safe
workshop
practices
when
working
beneath
car
and
low-

ering
transmission
.

WARNING
-

To
lift
the
vehicle
safely,
see010
Fundamentals
for
the
Do-it-Yourself
Owner
.

CAUTION-

"
Be
sure
the
vehicle
is
properly
supported
.
The
removal
of
the
transmission
may
upset
the
bal-
ance
of
the
vehicle
on
a
lift
.

"
Tilting
the
engine
to
remove
the
transmission
can
lead
to
damage
to
various
components
due
to

lack
of
clearance
.
-On
carswith
AST
remove
throttle
body
.
-Remove
brake
fluid
reservoir
if
necessary
.

Torx-head
bolts
are
used
to
mount
thetransmission
to
the

bellhousing
.
Be
sure
to
have
appropriate
tools
on
hand
before

starting
thejob
.

2
.
Install
engine
support
across
engine
bay
.
Raise
and

safely
support
vehicle
.
See
Fig
.
6
.

WARNING
-
"
When
raising
thecar
using
a
floor
jack
or
a
hy-
draulic
lift,
carefully
position
the
jack
pad
to
pre-
vent
damaging
the
car
body
.
A
suitable
liner
(wood,
rubber,
etc
.)
should
be
placed
between
the
jack
and
the
car
to
prevent
body
damage
.

"
Watch
the
jack
closely
.
Make
sure
it
stays
stable
and
does
not
shift
or
tilt
.
As
the
car
is
raised,
the
car
may
roll
slightty
and
the
jack
may
shift
.

CAUTION-

Removal
of
transmission
will
cause
engine
to
tip
unlessengine
support
is
used
.

TRANSMISSION
REMOVAL
AND
INSTALLATION

Fig
.
6
.
Engine
support
equipment
used
to
support
engine
from
above

before
removing
transmission
.

3
.
Raise
vehicle
to
gain
access
to
underside
of
car
.

4
.
Drain
ATF
from
transmission
as
described
earlier
.

5
.
Disconnect
oxygen
sensor
harness
.
Remove
exhaust

system,
and
exhaust
heat
shield
.
See
180
Exhaust

System
.

Transmission,
removing
and
installing



6
.
Remove
driveshaft
.
See
260
Driveshaft
.

1
.
Disconnect
negative
(-)
cable
from
battery
.



7
.
With
selector
lever
in
Park,
disconnect
shift
selector
le-

ver
cable
from
lever
and
remove
cable
bracket
.
Hold

CA
UTION-



linkage
clamping
bolt
stationary
when
loosening

Prior
to
disconnectiog
the
battery,
read
the
battery



clamping
nut
.
See
Fig
.
7
.

disconnection
cautions
given
at
the
front
of
this
manual
on
page
vi¡¡
.

Fig
.
7
.



Selector
lever
cable
clamping
nut
(A)
.
Loosen
cable
clamping
nut
(B)
and
remove
cable
from
bracket
.
Always
counterholdclamping
bolt
when
loosening
nut
.

Fig
.
10
.
Align
contact
slide
(1)
with
slot
in
switch
housing
(2)
before
in-
stalling
gear
position/neutral
safety
switch
.

Fig
.
11
.
Engage
release
button
pin
to
hole
in
pull
rod
before
installing

The
automatic
shiftlock
uses
an
electríc
solenoid
to
lock
the
selector
lever
in
P
or
N
.
Depressing
the
foot
brake
withthe
ig-
nition
on
energizes
the
solenoid,
allowingthe
lever
to
be
moved
into
a
drive
gear
.
The
solenoid
is
energized
only
when

the
engine
speed
is
below
2,500
rpmand
thevehicle
speed
is

below
3
mph
.
The
solenoid
ís
mounted
in
the
right-hand
side

of
theselector
lever
housing
.
See
Fig
.
12
.

1
.
With
engine
running
and
car
stopped,
place
selector
le-
ver
in
P
or
N
.

2
.
Without
depressing
brake
pedal,
check
that
selector
le-

ver
is
locked
in
position
P
or
N
.

3
.
Depress
brakepedal
firmly
.
Solenoid
should
be
heard

to
energize
.

GEARSHIFT
LINKAGE



250-
5

Fig
.
12
.
Automatic
shiftlock
prevents
drive
gear
selection
until
the
brakepedal
is
depressed
.

4
.
Check
thatselector
lever
can
now
be
moved
out
of
P
or
N
.

NOTE
-

The
next
test
should
be
performed
in
anopen
area
with
the
parking
brake
on
and
with
extreme
caution
.

5
.
With
selector
lever
in
P
or
N
and
brake
pedal
de-

pressed,
raise
engine
above
2,500
rpm
.
Check
that
se-

lector
lever
cannotbe
moved
outof
P
or
N
.

shift
lever
handle
.



If
any
faults
are
found
check
the
electrical
operation
of
the
shiftlock
solenoid
and
check
for
wiring
faultsto
or
from
the
Automatic
shiftiock,
checking
function



transmission
control
module(TCM)
.
See610
Electrical

(automatic
transmission)



Component
Locations
and
Electrical
Wiring
Diagrams
.

NOTE
-

The
solenoid
is
controlled
viathe
TCM,
using
brakepedal
position,
engine
speed,
and
road
speed
as
con-
trolling
inputs
.

AUTOMATIC
TRANSMISSION
GEARSHIFT

Symptom



1



Probable
cause

4
.
Vibration,
audible



a
.
Front
centering
guide
worn,
or



a
.
Check
front
centering
guide
and
replace
if
necessary
.
Check
rumble
over35
mph



driveshaft
mounting
flanges
out
of



runout
of
driveshaft
mounting
flanges
.
(60
km/h)
.



round
or
damaged
.

b
.
Mounting
flange
bolts
loose
or
holes



b
.
Remove
driveshaft
and
check
transmissionoutput
flange
and
worn
.



final
drive
input
flange
.
Replace
if
necessary
.
c
.
Driveshaft
unbalanced
.



c
.
Check
driveshaft
for
loose
or
missing
balance
weights
.
Have
driveshaft
rebalanced
or
replace
if
necessary
.

DRIVESHAFT
SERVICE

Driveshaft,
aligning

d
.
Universal
joints
worn
or
seized
.



d
.
Check
universal
joint
play
and
movement
.
Replace
driveshaft
if
necessary
.

e
.
Sliding
coupling
seized
.



e
.
Remove
driveshaft
and
check
movement
of
sliding
coupling
.
1



Clean
coupling
splines
or
replace
parts
asnecessary
.

f
.



Incorrect
preload
of
center
bearing
.



f
.



Check
preload
of
center
bearing
.
Readjust
if
necessary
.
g
.
Center
bearing
faulty
.



g
.



Replace
center
bearing
.

h
.
Final
drive
rubber
mount
faulty



h
.
Inspect
final
drive
rubber
mount
and
replace
if
necessary
.i.



Driveshaft
misaligned
.



i.



Check
driveshaft
alignment
.

Repair
kits
for
the
universal
joints
are
not
available,
and
it
is
not
common
practice
to
repair
the
universal
joints
on
BMW
driveshafts
.
Worn
or
damaged
universal
joints
usually
require
replacement
of
that
section
of
the
driveshaft
.

The
driveshaft
is
balanced
to
cose
tolerances
.
Whenever
it
is
to
be
removed
or
disassembied,
the
mounting
flanges
and
driveshaft
sections
should
bemarked
with
paint
or
a
punch

before
proceeding
with
work
.
This
will
ensure
that
the
drive-
shaft
can
be
reassembled
or
installed
in
exactlythe
same
ori-
entation
.

Universal
joint
play

"
Maximum
allowable
...........
0.15
mm
(0.006
in
.)

The
alignment
of
the
driveshaft
does
not
normally
need
to
be
checked
unless
the
engine/transmission
orthe
final
drive
havebeen
removed
and
installed
.
If,
however,
all
other
parts
of
the
driveshaft
havebeen
inspected
and
found
to
be
okay,
butthere
is
still
noise
or
vibration,
driveshaft
alignment
should

be
checked
.

There
aretwo
important
driveshaft
alignment
checks
.
The
first
is
to
make
sure
that
the
driveshaft
runs
straight
from
the
transmission
to
the
final
drive
;
without
any
variation
from
side-

to-side
caused
by
misalignment
ofthe
engine/transmission
in
its
mounts
.
Make
a
basic
check
by
sighting
along
the
drive-

shaft
from
back
lo
front
.
Any
misalignmentshould
be
apparent
from
the
center
bearingforward
.
To
adjustthe
side-to-side
alignment,
loosen
the
transmission
or
engine
mounts
to
repo-

sition
them,
then
retighten
the
mounts
:
The
driveshaft
should

be
exactly
centered
in
the
driveshaft
tunnel
.
See
Fig
.
2
.

Table
a
.
Driveshaft
Troubleshooting
(continued)

DRIVESHAFT
260-3

Corrective
action

b
:izó
Fig
.
2
.



Driveshaft
side-to-side
alignment
.
Driveshaft
should
be
cen-
tered
in
driveshaft
tunnel
.

The
second
important
driveshaft
alignment
check
is
more
complicated
.
It
checks
the
amount
the
driveshaft
is
angled
vertically
at
the
joints
.
This
angle
is
known
as
driveshaft
de-
flection
.

In
general,
there
should
be
little
deflection
in
the
driveshaft
between
the
engine,
thecenter
bearing,
and
the
final
drive
.
Precise
checks
require
theuse
of
a
large
protractor
or
some
other
means
of
measuring
the
angle
of
the
engine
and
the
fi-

nal
drive
and
comparing
these
angles
to
the
angle
of
the
drive-

shaft
sections
.

To
change
the
deflection
angle,
shims
can
be
placed
between
the
center
bearing
and
the
body
or
between
the
transmission

and
íts
rear
support
.
When
using
shims
to
change
a
deflection

angle,
keep
in
mind
that
the
angle
of
adjacent
joints
will
also
change
.
Deflection
anglesshould
beas
small
as
possible
.

DRIVESHAFTSERVICE

Wheel
brake
caliper

Electronic
control
module
Fig
.
4
.



Schematic
representation
of
ABS
.

SUSPENSION,
STEERING
ANDBRAKES-GENERAL



300-3

Fig
.
3
.



Schematic
view
ofdual
circuit
brakes
with
4-channel
ABS
.

ing
adverse
conditions
.
It
automatically
adjusts
brake
system
hydraulic
pressure
at
each
wheel
to
prevent
wheel
lock-up
.

The
system's
main
components
arethe
wheel
speed
(pulse)
sensors,
the
ABS
control
module,
and
the
hydraulic

control
unit
.
See
Fig
.
4
.

Warning
lamp

u
Master

Whee

_

l
speed



I-lydraulic



cylinder

sensor



control
unit



0012135

UNI

The
wheel
speed
sensors
continuously
send
wheel
speed
signals
to
the
control
module
.
See
Fig
.
5
.
The
control
module
compares
these
signals
to
determine,
in
fractions
of
a
second,
whether
any
of
the
wheels
areabout
to
lock
.
If
any
wheel
is
nearing
a
lock-up
condition,
the
module
signals
the
hydraulic
unit
to
maintain
or
reduce
pressure
at
the
appropriatewheel(s)
.
Pressure
is
modulated
by
electrically-operated
sole-

noid
valves
in
the
hydraulic
unit
.

Fig
.
5
.



ABS
wheelspeed
sensor
.

0006563

INTEGRATED
SYSTEMS