suspension CHEVROLET CAMARO 1967 1.G Chassis User Guide
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Page 167 of 659
FRONT SUSPENSION 3-3
by means of a lower control arm inner pivot cam; on the
Chevelle, Camaro and Corvette by means of upper control
arm inner support shaft shims.
Caster angle is adjusted, on the Chevrolet and Chevy n
by means of a strut rod which runs from the lower con-
trol arm forward to a frame brace; on the Chevelle,
Camaro and Corvette by means of upper control arm
inner support shaft shims.
A stabilizer bar is used on all Chevelle and Corvette
models. Chevrolet Impalas, station wagons and V-8
engine equipped models are fitted with the stabilizer bar.
UPPER CONTROL ARM
STABILIZER
SPRING
LOWER CONTROL ARM
STEERING KNUCKLE
Fig.
3 - Front Suspension - Corvette
MAINTENANCE AND ADJUSTMENTS
Maintenance intervals recommended for lubrication of
front suspension components have been fully covered in
Section 0 of this manual. Only actual adjustment proce-
dures will be covered here.
NOTE:
Unless otherwise indicated all proce-
dures will apply to all five vehicles covered in
this manual.
FRONT WHEEL BEARING ADJUSTMENT
Proper front wheel bearing adjustment has a definite
bearing on the safe operation of a vehicle. Improperly
adjusted front wheel bearings will result in a lack of
steering stability causing wheel wander, shimmy and ex-
cessive tire wear. Very accurate adjustment is possible
because the spindles are drilled both vertically and hori-
zontally and the adjusting nuts are slotted in all six sides.
NOTE:
Wheel bearings should not
be.
repacked
or adjusted as a part of "New Car Conditioning".
1.
With wheel raised, remove hub cap and dust cap and
then remove the cotter pin from the end of the
spindle.
2.
While rotating wheel, tighten spindle nut to 12 lbs. ft
torque.
3.
Back off adjusting nut one flat and insert cotter pin.
If slot and pin hole do not line up, back off the adjust-
ing nut an additional 1/2 flat or less as required to
insert cotter pin.
4.
Spin the wheel to check that it rolls freely and then
lock the cotter pin by spreading the end and bending
it around.
NOTE:
Bearings should have zero preload and
.001"
to .008" end movement when properly ad-
justed on Chevrolet, Chevelle, Camaro and Cor-
vette; .000" to .004" on Chevy H.
5.
Install dust cap, hub cap or wheel disc and lower
wheel.
6. Perform the same operation on each front wheel.
CHEVROLET CHASSIS SERVICE MANUAL
Page 168 of 659
FRONT SUSPENSION 3-4
SHOCK ABSORBER
5PRING
UPPER
CONTROL
ARM
LOWER
CONTROL
ARM
STRUT ROD
STEERING KNUCKLE
Fig.
4 - Front Suspension - Chevy
STEERING AXIS
VERTICAL
CASTER ANGLE
CASTER
WHEEL PLANE
VERTICAL PLANE
-CAMBER ANGLE
STEERING AXIS
INCLINATION
CAMBER
Fig.
5 - Caster and Camber
CHEVROLET CHASSIS SERVICE MANUAL
Page 169 of 659
FRONT SUSPENSION 3-5
FRONT END ALIGNMENT
Front end alignment, that is alignment of the inter-
related steering components of the front suspension sys-
tem, must be correctly maintained to assure ease and
stability of steering and satisfactory tire life.
Alignment Preliminary Steps
Several different types of machines are available for
checking all the factors of front end alignment. The in-
structions furnished with each particular machine should
be followed. In all cases, however, checks should be
made with the vehicle level and at curb weight.
Since steering complaints are not always the result of
improper alignment a check should be made to see if any
of the following conditions exist. Any such conditions
should be corrected before proceeding further.
1.
Steering gear loose or improperly adjusted.
2.
Steering gear housing loose at frame.
3.
Excessive wear or play in spherical joints or steer-
ing shaft coupling.
4.
Tie rod or steering connections loose.
5.
Improper front spring heights.
6. Unbalanced or underinflated tires.
7.
Improperly adjusted wheel bearings.
8. Shock absorbers not operating properly.
Wheel alignment should always be made with the vehi-
cle rolled forward taking out any slack in the same man-
ner as when the vehicle is traveling forward.
Caster and Camber Adjustment
NOTE: Before adjusting caster and camber
angles, the front bumper should be raised and
quickly released to allow car to return to its
normal height.
Chevelle, Camaro and Corvette
Caster and camber adjustments are made by means of
shims inserted between the upper control arm inner sup-
port shaft and the support bracket attached to the frame
(fig. 6). Shims may be added, subtracted or transferred
to change the readings as follows:
Fig.
6 - Caster and Camber Adjustment - Chevelle
Typical of Corvette and Camaro
Caster - change shims at either the front or rear of
the shaft.
The addition of shims at the front bolt or removal
of shims at the rear bolt will decrease positive
caster. One shim (1/3 2") will change caster (ap-
prox.) 1/4°.
Camber - change shims at both the front and rear of
the shaft.
Adding an equal number of shims at both front and
rear of the support shaft will decrease positive cam-
ber. One shim (1/32") at each location will move
camber (approx.) 1/5° (Chevelle and Camaro); 1/6°
(Corvette).
TIGHTEN TO LOCK
ADJUSTMENT
Fig.
7 - Caster and Camber Adjustment Points - Chevrolet
CHEVROLET CHASSIS SERVICE MANUAL
Page 170 of 659
FRONT SUSPENSION 3-6
Fig.
8 - Caster and Camber Adjustments - Chevy
To adjust for caster and camber, loosen the upper sup-
port shaft to crossmember nuts, add or subtract shims as
required and retighten nuts.
NOTE:
Caster and camber can be adjusted in
one operation.
Caster and camber specifications will be found in the
last section of this book.
Chevrolet and Chevy II
The caster angle is adjusted by turning the two niits at
the front of the lower control arm strut rod (figs. 7 and
8).
Shortening this rod will increase caster. Lengthen-
ing will decrease caster.
Camber angle is adjusted by loosening the lower con-
trol arm pivot bolt and rotating the cam located on this
pivot. This eccentric cam action will move lower control
arm in or out, thereby varying camber.
Steering Axis Inclination Adjustment
"Camber" is the outward tilt of the wheel and "steering
axis inclination" is the inward tilt of the knuckle. Cam-
ber cannot be changed without changing steering axis
inclination. Correct specifications willbe found at the
end of this section. If, with the camber correctly ad-
justed, the steering axis inclination does not fall within
the specified limits the knuckle is bent and should be
replaced.
If a new knuckle is installed, caster, camber and toe-in
must be readjusted.
Toe-In Adjustment
Toe-in, the inward pointing of both front wheels, is
checked with the wheels in the straight ahead position. It
is the difference of the distance measured between the
extreme front and the distance measured between the ex-
treme rear of both front wheels. Correct toe-in specifi-
cations will be found at the end of this section.
NOTE:
Toe-in must be adjusted after caster
and camber adjustment.
A. If the equipment being used measures the toe-in of
each wheel individually:
1.
Set the steering gear on the high point, mark 12
o'clock position on the steering shaft and position
the steering wheel for straight ahead driving.
2.
Loosen the clamp bolt at each end of each tie rod
and adjust to the total toe-in as given in the speci-
fications at the end of this book.
B.
If a tram gauge is being used, proceed as follows:
1.
Set the front wheels in the straight ahead position.
2.
Loosen the clamp bolts on one tie rod and adjust
for the proper toe-in as given in the specifications
at the end of this book.
3.
Loosen the clamp bolts on the other tie rod. Turn
both rods the same amount and in the same direc-
tion to place the steering gear on its high point and
position the steering wheel in its straight ahead
position.
C.
After the adjustment has been made:
1.
a. Chevrolet—Position inner tie rod clamp bosses
forward to 90° down to avoid stabilizer link bolt
interference.
b.
Chevelle—Position the tie rod clamp bosses
down to 45?° forward to avoid interference.
c. Chevy II--Position the outer tie rod clamp
bosses forward and not more than 45° up or
down from horizontal to avoid interference.
Inner clamps forward and vertical.
d. Corvette--Position inner tie rod clamps with
bolt horizontal and down. Position outer clamps
with bolt vertical and to the rear.
e. Camaro—Position inner tie rod clamps with
open end of clamp and slot in line. Position
relative to ground unimportant. Position outer
clamps with bolt top and 30° either side of ver-
tical. Position relative to slot unimportant.
RIDING HEIGHT AND COIL SPRING SAG
The following check will quickly determine whether or
CHEVROLET CHASSIS SERVICE MANUAL
Page 171 of 659
FRONT SUSPENSION 3-7
CAMARO
CHEVROLET
AND
CORVETTE
LOWER
CONTROL
ARM
CHEVELLE
CHEVY
II
Fig.
9- Checking Riding Height
not the vehicle riding height is correct.
1.
Place the vehicle on a smooth, level floor and bounce
and rock the front end several times. Raise vehicle,
then allow it to settle to a normal height.
2.
Measure the following two distances (fig. 9):
a. From the floor to the center of the inner pivot of
the lower control arm. (On the Chevrolet and
Camaro, this measurement must be made at the
rear end of the pivot.)
b.
Chevrolet--Measure the distance from the floor
to the lower face of the lower steering knuckle
boss for the spherical joint on the same side of
the vehicle.
Chevelle—From the floor to the outer pivot
which is located 1/8" (.12) inboard from the ball
stud boss at the lower surface of the arm.
Chevy II--Measure the distance from the floor
to the lower ball joint seat.
Corvette—Measure the distance from the floor
to the lower face of the lower steering knuckle
boss for the spherical joint on the same side of
the vehicle.
Camaro—From the floor to the lower inboard
edge of ball seat.
3.
The difference between these two measurements
should be as outlined in the Specifications given at
the end of the book with the vehicle at curb weight
(full tank of gas, spare tire and jack in trunk, no
passengers).
4.
Measure the opposite side of the vehicle in the same
manner. The measurements for both sides should
differ no more than 1/2".
5. To correct the height, springs must be replaced.
These springs do not have flat ends and shims should
not be used.
CHEVROLET CHASSIS SERVICE MANUAL
Page 172 of 659
FRONT SUSPENSION 3-8
REPAIR PROCEDURES
Unless otherwise indicated all repair procedures will
apply to all five vehicles covered in this manual.
CAUTION: During any operations which in-
clude breaking the ball stud loose from the
knuckle boss extreme care must be used to as-
sure that the ball stud seal is not damaged or
cut. A recommended way to loosen the stud is to
place a flat bar stock against the knuckle boss
and strike the bar rather than the knuckle.
FRONT BRAKE DRUM-CHEVROLET, CAMARO,
CHEVELLE, CHEVY It
Removal
1.
Remove hub caps, partially loosen wheel nuts and
raise vehicle from floor. Remove wheel nuts and
wheel.
2.
Remove brake drum. In some cases it may be nec-
essary to back off brake adjustment because of
scored drum or unevenly worn brake linings.
3.
Check brake drum for concentricity, damaged pilot
diameter or scored braking surface. Lightly sand
braking surface and wipe clean.
Installation
1.
Install drum over hub bolts making sure alignment
dowel on drum web indexes with hole in wheel hub.
This will assure proper drum alignment with hub
bolts and hub pilot diameter.
2.
Install wheel and partially tighten wheel nuts.
3.
Re-adjust brake shoes to original setting. It may be
necessary to re-adjust brake shoes on both front
and/or rear wheels to assure balanced brake adjust-
ment. See Section 5 for brake adjustment procedure.
4.
Lower vehicle to floor, tighten hub wheel nuts and in-
stall hub cap.
FRONT WHEEL HUB
Replacement
1.
Remove hub caps, break loose the wheel stud nuts
VM" DIA. PIPE OR ARBOR
>l
INNER CUP
OUTER CUP
JL
RADIUS
e^
Fig.
10 - Pressing Front Hub Bolts (Typical)
Fig.
11 - Front Wheel Bearing Cop Removers
and raise vehicle. Remove wheel nuts, wheel and
tire and brake drum or (on Corvette) brake caliper
and brake disc.
NOTE:
On the Corvette, the hub and brake disc
are serviced as a complete assembly.
2.
Pry out hub grease cap, cotter pin, spindle nut and
washer,
and
remove hub. Do not drop wheel bearings.
3.
Reverse this procedure to install.
Replacement of Wheel Hub Bolts
It may be necessary to replace damaged wheel hub
bolts.
In this case, service the hub in the following
manner.
1.
Remove the hub bolts with a press or hammer.
These bolts are not peened into the hub. Do not
damage wheel mounting surface on hub flange.
2.
Install new serrated bolt into hole in
hub.
Tap lightly
with a hammer to start bolt serrations in hole, mak-
ing sure that bolt is square with hub flange.
3.
Press bolt into flange until head is fully seated
against hub flange (fig. 10).
FRONT WHEEL BEARINGS
Removal '
1.
Remove wheel hub as described above.
NOTE: Discard cotter pin. Install new cotter
pin when assembling.
2.
Remove outer roller bearing assembly from hub with
fingers. The inner bearing assembly will remain in
the hub and may be removed after prying out the
inner bearing lip seal assembly. Discard seal.
3.
Wash all parts thoroughly in cleaning solvent and
blow dry.
CHEVROLET CHASSIS SERVICE MANUAL
Page 173 of 659
FRONT SUSPENSION 3-9
Inspection
1.
Check bearings for cracked separators or worn or
pitted rollers and races.
2.
Check brake drum for
out-of-
round or scoring.
3.
Check fit of bearing outer cups in hub.
Repairs
Replacement of Bearing Cups
1.
Using steel bar stock, make press-out tools shown in
Figure 11.
2.
Insert removers through hub, indexing ends into slots
in hub shoulder behind bearing cup.
3.
Using a suitable extension pipe or rod, press bearing
cups from hub.
4.
Install new bearing cup in hub using Tool J-8849 on
the outer and Tool J-8850 on the inner cup (fig. 12).
Use Driver Handle J-8092 with the installers. Make
sure that the bearing cups are not cocked and are
fully seated against shoulder in hub.
Installation
1.
Pack both inner and. outer bearings using a high
melting point wheel bearing lubricant.
2.
Place inner bearing in hub, then install a new inner
bearing lip seal assembly. Seal flange should face
bearing cup.
3.
Carefully install wheel hub over steering spindle.
4.
Install outer bearing, pressing it firmly into the hub
by hand.
5.
Install spindle washer and adjusting nut. Draw up
tight and adjust wheel bearings as outlined under
"Front Wheel Bearing Adjustment".
STEERING KNUCKLE
Chevrolet, Chevelle, Camaro and Corvette—It is rec-
ommended that vehicle be raised and supported on a
twin-post hoist so that the front coil spring remains com-
pressed, yet the wheel and steering knuckle assembly re-
main accessible. If a frame hoist is used, support lower
control arm with an adjustable jackstand to safely retain
spring in its curb height position.
Chevy n— While vehicle weight is still on front wheels,
position support between upper control arm and frame
side rail (fig. 13), then raise vehicle and position adjust-
able jackstand under lower control arm.
Removal
1.
Raise vehicle and support lower control arm as noted
above.
2.
Remove hub cap, wheel hub dust cover, cotter pin,
adjusting nut and washer. Withdraw wheel and tire,
brake drum, (or, on Corvette--brake caliper and disc
and hub assembly, See Section 5) and wheel hub and
bearing assembly from steering knuckle spindle.
3.
Remove brake shoes from backing plate (except
Corvette, See Section 5) and clamp wheel cylinder.
CAUTION: Keep brake shoes clean and dry.
4.
Remove brake anchor pin and two bolts securing
brake backing plate and steering arm to steering
knuckle.
5.
Withdraw steering arm and brake backing plate from
steering knuckle. Wire backing plate to frame (fig.
13).
Do not disconnect brake line.
NOTE: Refer to Section 9 - Steering Linkage -
Tie Rod, for further steering arm service
operations.
6. Remove upper and lower ball stud cotter pins and re-
move ball stud nuts. Free steering knuckle from
ball studs by rapping steering knuckle bosses. With-
draw steering knuckle.
Installation
1.
Place steering knuckle in position and insert upper
and lower ball studs into knuckle bosses.
2.
Install ball stud nuts and tighten nut as shown in the
specifications at the end of this section.
Fig.
12 - Installing Front Hub Inner Bearing
Fig.
13 - Backing Plate Removed - Chevy II
CHEVROLET CHASSIS SERVICE MANUAL
Page 174 of 659
FRONT SUSPENSION 3-10
CHEVROLET, CHEVELLE, CAMARO AND CORVETTE (TYPICAL)
CHEVY H
Fig.
14- Shock Absorber
NOTE:
If necessary, tighten one more notch to
insert cotter pins.
3.
Place brake backing plate and wheel cylinder in posi*-
tion on steering knuckle and insert anchor pin.
4.
Place steering arm in position on back of steering
knuckle and insert two bolts through backing plate,
steering knuckle and steering arm. Install locknuts
and tighten. (See Specifications.)
5. Torque brake anchor pin (See Specifications).
6. Install brake shoes, except Corvette. (See Section 5.)
7. Install wheel hub, brake drum (or, on Corvette--
brake caliper and disc and hub assembly), wheel and
tire assembly over spindle.
8. Insert outer wheel bearing race and roller assembly,
washer and nut. Adjust front wheel bearing as shown
under Maintenance and Adjustments in this section.
Install new cotter pin, dust cap and hub cap.
9. Lower vehicle, recheck and readjust wheel alignment
where necessary.
SHOCK ABSORBER
Chevrolet, Chevelle, Comoro and Corvette (Fig. 14)
Removal
1.
With an open end wrench hold the shock absorber
upper stem from turning, and then remove the upper
stem retaining nut, retainer and rubber grommet.
2.
Remove the two bolts retaining the lower shock ab-
sorber pivot to the lower control arm and pull the
shock absorber assembly out from the bottom.
Installation
1.
With the retainer and rubber grommet in place over
the upper stem, install the shock abosrber (fully ex-
tended) up through the lower control arm and spring
so that the upper stem passes through the mounting
hole in the upper support arm.
2.
Install the rubber grommet, retainer' and attaching
nut over the shock absorber upper stem.
3.
With an open end wrench, hold the upper stem
from turning and tighten the retaining nut. (See
Specifications.)
4.
Install the two bolts attaching the shock abosrber
lower pivot to the lower control arm and tighten.
(See Specifications.)
Fig.
15 - Upper Control Arm Support Installed - Chevy II
CHEVROLET CHASSIS SERVICE MANUAL
Page 175 of 659
FRONT SUSPENSION 3-11
Chevy II (Fig. 14)
Removal
1.
While vehicle weight is still on front wheels, position
support between upper control arm and frame side
rail (fig. 15).
NOTE: Bight side control arm support bracket
is illustrated in Figure 15. For left side, angled
support should be welded to reverse side of
plate.
2.
Raise vehicle and remove wheel and tire.
3.
Disconnect lower shock absorber mounting nuts, lock
washers and rubber washers from lower spring seat.
4.
Remove shock absorber upper mounting bracket
bolts.
Lift bracket and shock absorber assembly
from vehicle (fig. 16).
5.
Remove shock absorber from upper mounting bracket
and remove rubber bushings and washers.
Installation
1.
Assemble upper washer and rubber bushing to shock
absorber rod (refer to Figure 14).
2.
Assemble upper mounting bracket, bushing, washer
and nut to rod. Torque according to Specifications at
the end of this book.
3.
Install rubber washers to shock absorber lower seat
studs and insert shock absorber and upper bracket
assembly into shock absorber access hole, and posi-
tion to the lower spring seat. Install washers, nuts
and torque according to Specifications at the end of
this book.
NOTE: Shock absorber seat upper washers
must correctly pilot into spring seat.
4.
Install upper mounting bracket to spring tower and
torque nuts according to Specifications at the end of
this book.
STABILIZER BAR (FIG. 17)
Removal
1.
Raise vehicle and support both front wheels.
2.
Disconnect stabilizer bar from lower control arm.
Remove stabilizer bar brackets from the frame
(Chevrolet, Chevelle, Camaro and Corvette) or from
the front crossmember (Chevy n) and remove
stabilizer.
Fig.
16 - Removing Shock Absorber and Bracket - Chevy II
3.
Disconnect stabilizer link bolts, spacers and rubber
bushings from lower control arms.
4.
Inspect rubber stabilizer link bushings and Stabilizer
insulator bushings for aging. Replace if necessary.
Installation
1.
If new insulators
are necessary, coat stabilizer with
recommended rubber lubricant and slide frame bush-
ings into position.
2.
Insert stabilizer brackets over bushings and connect
to frame. Do not torque at this point. Connect sta-
bilizer ends to link bolts on lower control arms.
Torque bracket bolts and link nuts as shown in the
Specifications.
NOTE: Never get lubricant on outside of frame
stabilizer bar bushings or they may slip out of
brackets.
STRUT ROD (FIG. 18)
Chevrolet and Chevy II
Removal
1.
Raise vehicle to
clearance.
provide sufficient working
TYPICAL OF
CHEVROLET, CHEVELLE AND CAMARO
BRACKET LINK BOLT
CORVETTE
CHEVY H
Fig.
17- Stabilizer Bar
CHEVROLET CHASSIS SERVICE MANUAL
Page 176 of 659
FRONT SUSPENSION 3-12
2.
Remove forward nut, retainer and rubber bushing
from front end of strut rod.
3.
Remove two nuts from strut rod to lower control arm
bolts and remove bolts and washers.
4.
Withdraw strut rod from bracket.
5. Remove remaining rubber bushing, retainer, sleeve
and nut from strut rod.
6. Inspect rubber bushings for aging and replace if
necessary. *•
Installation
1.
Screw rear nu$ on forward end of rod and position it
approximately 3/4" from end of threads. Install
rear retainer, sleeve and bushing on rod so raised
pilot diameter faces forward.
2.
Insert strut rod in bracket so pilot diameter on bush-
ing pilots in hole in bracket. Install forward bushing
on sleeve so raised pilot diameter faces rear to
enter hole in bracket, then install forward retainer
and nut on rod.
3.
Attach strut rod to top of lower control arm with two
bolts,
washers and nuts.
4.
Lower vehicle to floor, check caster and camber
angles and adjust where necessary. Torque nuts as
shown in Specifications.
FRONT SPRING
Chevrolet
Removal
1.
With an open end wrench hold the shock absorber
upper stem from turning, and then remove the upper
stem retaining nut, retainer and rubber grommet.
I IVi" rVi"i
\>. j ii
>
I
5'4
s
WOOD
BLOCK
USED
WITH
CHEVROLET
ONLY
Fig.
19
- Spring Removal Tools - Chevrolet, Chevelle and Comoro
2.
With the car supported by the frame so that the con-
trol arms hang free, remove the wheel and tire as-
sembly (replace one wheel nut to retain the brake
drum),
shock absorber, stabilizer bar to lower con-
trol arm link, strut rod to lower control arm attach-
ing, nuts, bolts and lock washers and tie rod end.
3.
Scribe the position of the inner pivot camber adjust-
ing cam bolt and then remove the nut, lock washer
and outer cam.
4.
Install a steel bar (fabricated as shown in Figure 19)
through the shock abosrber mounting hole in the
lower control arm so that the notch seats over the
bottom spring coil and the bar extends inboard and
under the inner bushing. Fit a 5" wood block (See
Figure 19) between the bar and the bushing as shown
in Figure 20.
5.
With suitable jack or hoist, lift up slightly on the end
of the bar to remove the tension from the inner pivot
cam bolt, which can then be removed.
Fig.
18-Strut Rod
Pig. 20 - Front Spring Removal - Chevrolet
CHEVROLET CHASSIS SERVICE MANUAL