towing CHEVROLET SILVERADO 2500 2023 Owners Manual

Chevrolet Silverado 2500 HD/3500 HD Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.
S./Canada/Mexico-15546003) - 2022 - CRC - 5/12/21
Introduction 5
1. Tow/Haul Mode (On Some Models). SeeDriver Mode Control 0249.
Automatic Transfer Case Control (If
Equipped). See Four-Wheel Drive 0240.
Driver Mode Control 0249 (If Equipped).
2. Air Vents 0207.
3. Turn Signal Lever. See Turn and
Lane-Change Signals 0143.
Windshield Wiper/Washer 0102.
4. Head-Up Display (HUD) 0127 (If
Equipped).
5. Instrument Cluster 0107.
6. Shift Lever. See Automatic Transmission
0 235.
Range Selection Mode. See Manual Mode
0 238.
7. Light Sensor. See Automatic Headlamp
System 0141.
8. Infotainment Controls. See Overview
0 149.
9. Climate Control Systems 0202 (If
Equipped).
Dual Automatic Climate Control System
0 204 (If Equipped).
10. Heated and Ventilated Front Seats 053
(If Equipped). 11.XPark Assist Switch (If Equipped). See
Assistance Systems for Parking or Backing
0 253.
gTraction Control/Electronic Stability
Control 0247.
|Hazard Warning Flashers 0142.
@Lane Departure Warning (LDW) 0268
(If Equipped).
5Hill Descent Control Switch (If
Equipped). See Hill Descent Control (HDC)
0 248.
jPower Assist Steps 031 (If
Equipped).
5Power Release Tailgate (If
Equipped). See Tailgate023.
ADC/AC Switch. See Power Outlets
0 103.
LExpress Window Down Button (If
Equipped). See Power Windows 042.
Tow/Haul Mode 0240 (On Some
Models).
Exhaust Brake (If Equipped). See Duramax
Diesel Supplement.
Power Take-Off (PTO) (If Equipped). See
Duramax Diesel Supplement. 12. Power Outlet (Alternating Current) (If
Equipped). See Power Outlets0103.
13. Power Outlets 0103.
14. USB Port 0158.
15. Wireless Charging 0104 (If Equipped).
16. Trailer Brake Control Panel (If Equipped). See“Integrated Trailer Brake Control
System” underTowing Equipment 0281.
17. ENGINE START/STOP. See Ignition
Positions (Keyless Access) 0229 or
Ignition Positions (Key Access) 0227.
18. Steering Wheel Controls 0101 (If
Equipped).
Driver Information Center (DIC) Controls.
See Driver Information Center (DIC) (Base
Level) 0124 or
Driver Information Center (DIC) (Midlevel
and Uplevel) 0125.
19. Horn 0102.
20. Hood Release. See Hood0308.
21. Steering Wheel Adjustment 0101 (Out
of View).
22. Cruise Control 0250.
Forward Collision Alert (FCA) System
0 263 (If Equipped).
Heated Steering Wheel 0101 (If
Equipped).

Chevrolet Silverado 2500 HD/3500 HD Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.
S./Canada/Mexico-15546003) - 2022 - CRC - 5/12/21
34 Keys, Doors, and Windows
Transmitters to the Vehicle" underRemote
Keyless Entry (RKE) System Operation (Key
Access) 010 or
Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) System
Operation (Keyless Access) 013
Do not leave the transmitter or device that
disarms or deactivates the vehicle theft
system in the vehicle.
When equipped with a key, if the engine
still does not start, and the key appears to
be undamaged, try another ignition key.
It may be necessary to check the fuse. See
Fuses and Circuit Breakers 0336. If the
engine still does not start with the other
key, the vehicle needs service. If the vehicle
does start, the first key may be faulty. See
your dealer. It is possible for the
immobilizer system to learn new or
replacement keys. Up to eight keys can be
programmed for the vehicle. To program
additional keys, see Keys (Key Access)07or
Keys (Keyless Access) 09. Do not leave the
key or device that disarms or deactivates
the vehicle theft system in the vehicle.
See your dealer to get a new key blank cut
exactly as the ignition key that operates the
system.Exterior Mirrors
Convex Mirrors
{Warning
A convex mirror can make things, like
other vehicles, look farther away than
they really are. If you cut too sharply
into the right lane, you could hit a
vehicle on the right. Check the inside
mirror or glance over your shoulder
before changing lanes.
Standard Mirrors
The passenger side mirror is convex shaped.
A convex mirror's surface is curved so more
can be seen from the driver seat.
Trailer-Tow Mirrors
The upper portion of both the driver and
passenger mirrors is flat.
The lower portion of both the driver and
passenger mirrors is convex. A convex
mirror’s surface is curved so more can be
seen from the driver seat. The lower portion
is adjusted manually.
Manual Mirrors
If equipped, adjust manual mirrors by
moving the mirror up and down or left to
right to see a little of the side of the vehicle
and to have a clear view behind the vehicle.
Using hood-mounted air deflectors and
add-on convex mirror attachments could
decrease mirror performance.
Trailer-Tow Mirrors
Extending Mirrors
Trailer tow mirrors can extend out for better
visibility when towing a trailer.

Chevrolet Silverado 2500 HD/3500 HD Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.
S./Canada/Mexico-15546003) - 2022 - CRC - 5/5/21
Seats and Restraints 71
approved by GM for your specific vehicle.
SeeAdding Equipment to the
Airbag-Equipped Vehicle 071 for more
information about modifications that can
affect how the system operates.
The ON indicator may be lit if an object,
such as a briefcase, handbag, grocery bag,
laptop, or other electronic device, is put on
an unoccupied seat. If this is not desired,
remove the object from the seat.
{Warning
Stowing articles under the passenger seat
or between the passenger seat cushion
and seatback may interfere with the
proper operation of the passenger
sensing system.
Servicing the Airbag-Equipped
Vehicle
Airbags affect how the vehicle should be
serviced. There are parts of the airbag
system in several places around the vehicle.
Your dealer and the service manual have
information about servicing the vehicle and
the airbag system. To purchase a service
manual, see Publication Ordering
Information 0416.
{Warning
For up to 10 seconds after the vehicle is
turned off and the battery is
disconnected, an airbag can still inflate
during improper service. You can be
injured if you are close to an airbag
when it inflates. Avoid yellow connectors.
They are probably part of the airbag
system. Be sure to follow proper service
procedures, and make sure the person
performing work for you is qualified to
do so.
Adding Equipment to the
Airbag-Equipped Vehicle
Adding accessories that change the vehicle's
frame, bumper system, height, front end,
or side sheet metal, may keep the airbag
system from working properly.
The operation of the airbag system can also
be affected by changing, including
improperly repairing or replacing, any parts
of the following:
.Airbag system, including airbag modules,
front or side impact sensors, sensing and
diagnostic module, or airbag wiring
.Front seats, including stitching, seams,
or zippers
.Seat belts
.Steering wheel, instrument panel,
overhead console, ceiling trim, or pillar
garnish trim
.Inner door seals, including speakers
Your dealer and the service manual have
information about the location of the airbag
modules and sensors, sensing and diagnostic
module, and airbag wiring along with the
proper replacement procedures.
In addition, the vehicle has a passenger
sensing system for the front outboard
passenger position, which includes sensors
that are part of the passenger seat. The
passenger sensing system may not operate
properly if the original seat trim is replaced
with non-GM covers, upholstery, or trim; or
with GM covers, upholstery, or trim
designed for a different vehicle. Any object,
such as an aftermarket seat heater or a
comfort-enhancing pad or device, installed
under or on top of the seat fabric, could
also interfere with the operation of the
passenger sensing system. This could either
prevent proper deployment of the passenger
airbag(s) or prevent the passenger sensing

Chevrolet Silverado 2500 HD/3500 HD Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.
S./Canada/Mexico-15546003) - 2022 - CRC - 5/12/21
Instruments and Controls 117
To help prevent damage, reduce vehicle
speed and avoid hard accelerations and
uphill grades. If towing a trailer, reduce the
amount of cargo being hauled as soon as
possible.
If the light continues to flash, find a safe
place to park. Turn the vehicle off and wait
at least 10 seconds before restarting the
engine. If the light is still flashing, follow
the previous guidelines and see your dealer
for service as soon as possible.
If the light is on steady :A malfunction has
been detected. Diagnosis and service may be
required.
Check the following:
.If fuel has been added to the vehicle
using the capless funnel adapter, make
sure that it has been removed. See
“Filling the Tank with a Portable Gas Can”
under Filling the Tank (Chassis Cab and
Box Delete Models) 0272 or
Filling the Tank (Pickup Models) 0271. The
diagnostic system can detect if the
adapter has been left installed in the
vehicle, allowing fuel to evaporate into
the atmosphere. A few driving trips with
the adapter removed may turn off the
light.
.Poor fuel quality can cause inefficient
engine operation and poor driveability,
which may go away once the engine is
warmed up. If this occurs, change the fuel
brand. It may require at least one full
tank of the proper fuel to turn the light
off. See Recommended Fuel 0269.
If the light remains on, see your dealer.
Emissions Inspection and Maintenance
Programs
If the vehicle requires an Emissions
Inspection/Maintenance test, the test
equipment will likely connect to the
vehicle's Data Link Connector (DLC).
The DLC is under the instrument panel to
the left of the steering wheel. Connecting
devices that are not used to perform an
Emissions Inspection/Maintenance test or to
service the vehicle may affect vehicle operation. See
Add-On Electrical Equipment
0 303. See your dealer if assistance is
needed.
The vehicle may not pass inspection if:
.The light is on when the engine is
running.
.The light does not come on when the
ignition is on while the engine is off.
.Critical emission control systems have not
been completely diagnosed. If this
happens, the vehicle would not be ready
for inspection and might require
several days of routine driving before the
system is ready for inspection. This can
happen if the 12-volt battery has recently
been replaced or run down, or if the
vehicle has been recently serviced.
See your dealer if the vehicle will not pass
or cannot be made ready for the test.
Brake System Warning Light
MetricEnglish

Chevrolet Silverado 2500 HD/3500 HD Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.
S./Canada/Mexico-15546003) - 2022 - CRC - 5/12/21
118 Instruments and Controls
This light should come on briefly when the
vehicle is turned on. If it does not come on
then, have it fixed so it will be ready to
warn you if there is a problem.
If the light comes on and stays on at start
up, there is a brake problem. Have the brake
system inspected right away.
If the light comes on while driving, pull off
the road and stop carefully. The brake pedal
might be harder to push, or the brake pedal
may go closer to the floor. It could take
longer to stop. If the light is still on, have
the vehicle towed for service. SeeTowing
the Vehicle 0377.
{Warning
The brake system might not be working
properly if the brake system warning
light is on. Driving with the brake system
warning light on can lead to a crash.
If the light is still on after the vehicle has
been pulled off the road and carefully
stopped, have the vehicle towed for
service.
Electric Parking Brake Light
MetricEnglish
This light comes on when the parking brake
is applied. If the light continues flashing
after the parking brake is released, or while
driving, there is a problem with the Electric
Parking Brake system. A message may also
display in the Driver Information
Center (DIC).
If the light does not come on, or remains
flashing, see your dealer.
Service Electric Parking Brake
Light
This light should come on briefly when the
vehicle is turned on. If it does not come on,
have it fixed so it will be ready to warn if
there is a problem.
If this light stays on or comes on while
driving, there is a problem with the Electric
Parking Brake (EPB). Take the vehicle to a
dealer as soon as possible. In addition to the
parking brake, other safety functions that
utilize the EPB may also be degraded.
A message may also display in the Driver
Information Center (DIC). See Electric Parking
Brake 0245.
Antilock Brake System (ABS)
Warning Light
This warning light should come on briefly
when the vehicle is turned on. If the light
does not come on, have it fixed so it will be
ready to warn if there is a problem.

Chevrolet Silverado 2500 HD/3500 HD Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.
S./Canada/Mexico-15546003) - 2022 - CRC - 5/5/21
Driving and Operating 209
Driving and Operating
Driving Information
Driving for Better Fuel Economy . . . . . . . 210
Distracted Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Defensive Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Impaired Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Control of a Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Braking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Off-Road Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Loss of Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Off-Road Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Driving on Wet Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Hill and Mountain Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Winter Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
If the Vehicle Is Stuck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Vehicle Load Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Truck-Camper Loading Information . . . . . 225
Starting and Operating
New Vehicle Break-In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Ignition Positions (Key Access) . . . . . . . . . 227
Ignition Positions (Keyless Access) . . . . . 229
Starting the Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Engine Heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Retained Accessory Power (RAP) . . . . . . . 232
Shifting Into Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Shifting out of Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Parking over Things That Burn . . . . . . . . 234Extended Parking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Engine Exhaust
Engine Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Running the Vehicle While Parked . . . . . 235
Automatic Transmission
Automatic Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Manual Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Tow/Haul Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Drive Systems
Four-Wheel Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Brakes
Antilock Brake System (ABS) . . . . . . . . . . 244
Electric Parking Brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Brake Assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Hill Start Assist (HSA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Ride Control Systems
Traction Control/Electronic Stability
Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Hill Descent Control (HDC) . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Driver Mode Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Locking Rear Axle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Cruise Control
Cruise Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Driver Assistance Systems
Driver Assistance Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 Assistance Systems for Parking or
Backing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Rear Vision Camera (RVC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Surround Vision System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Park Assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Rear Cross Traffic Alert (RCTA) System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Assistance Systems for Driving . . . . . . . . 263
Forward Collision Alert (FCA) System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Side Blind Zone Alert (SBZA) . . . . . . . . . . 266
Lane Change Alert (LCA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Lane Departure Warning (LDW) . . . . . . . 268
Fuel
Top Tier Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Recommended Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Prohibited Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Fuels in Foreign Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Fuel Additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
E85 or FlexFuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Filling the Tank (Pickup Models) . . . . . . . 271
Filling the Tank (Chassis Cab and Box Delete Models) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Filling a Portable Fuel Container . . . . . . . 273
Trailer Towing
General Towing Information . . . . . . . . . . . 273

Chevrolet Silverado 2500 HD/3500 HD Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.
S./Canada/Mexico-15546003) - 2022 - CRC - 5/5/21
210 Driving and Operating
Driving Characteristics andTowing Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Trailer Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Towing Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Trailer Sway Control (TSC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Trailering App . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
Conversions and Add-Ons
Add-On Electrical Equipment . . . . . . . . . . 303
Adding a Snow Plow or Similar Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Pickup Conversion to Chassis Cab . . . . . 305
Driving Information
Driving for Better Fuel Economy
Driving habits can affect fuel mileage. Here
are some driving tips to get the best fuel
economy possible:
.Set the climate controls to the desired
temperature after the engine is started,
or turn them off when not required.
.Avoid fast starts and accelerate smoothly.
.Brake gradually and avoid abrupt stops.
.Avoid idling the engine for long periods
of time.
.When road and weather conditions are
appropriate, use cruise control.
.Always follow posted speed limits or
drive more slowly when conditions
require.
.Keep vehicle tires properly inflated.
.Combine several trips into a single trip.
.Replace the vehicle's tires with the same
TPC Spec number molded into the tire's
sidewall near the size.
.Follow recommended scheduled
maintenance.
Distracted Driving
Distraction comes in many forms and can
take your focus from the task of driving.
Exercise good judgment and do not let other
activities divert your attention away from
the road. Many local governments have
enacted laws regarding driver distraction.
Become familiar with the local laws in
your area.
To avoid distracted driving, keep your eyes
on the road, keep your hands on the
steering wheel, and focus your attention on
driving.
.Do not use a phone in demanding driving
situations. Use a hands-free method to
place or receive necessary phone calls.
.Watch the road. Do not read, take notes,
or look up information on phones or
other electronic devices.
.Designate a front seat passenger to
handle potential distractions.
.Become familiar with vehicle features
before driving, such as programming
favorite radio stations and adjusting
climate control and seat settings. Program
all trip information into any navigation
device prior to driving.

Chevrolet Silverado 2500 HD/3500 HD Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.
S./Canada/Mexico-15546003) - 2022 - CRC - 5/5/21
220 Driving and Operating
Rocking the Vehicle to Get It OutCaution
Do not hold the steering wheel at full
rotation for more than 15 seconds and/or
at an elevated RPM. Damage may occur
to the power steering system and there
may be loss of power steering assist.
Turn the steering wheel left and right to
clear the area around the front wheels. Then
make sure the wheels are pointed straight
ahead. For four-wheel-drive vehicles, shift
into Four-Wheel Drive High. Turn the TCS
off. Shift back and forth between R (Reverse)
and a forward gear, spinning the wheels as
little as possible. To prevent transmission
wear, wait until the wheels stop spinning
before shifting gears. Slowly spinning the
wheels in the forward and reverse directions
causes a rocking motion that could free the
vehicle. If that does not get the vehicle out
after a few tries, it might need to be towed
out. See Towing the Vehicle 0377. Recovery
hooks can be used, if the vehicle has them.
Recovery Hooks
{Warning
Never pull on recovery hooks from the
side. The hooks could break and you and
others could be injured. When using
recovery hooks, always pull the vehicle
from the front.
Caution
Never use recovery hooks to tow the
vehicle. The vehicle could be damaged,
and the repairs would not be covered by
the vehicle warranty. If equipped, there are recovery hooks at the
front of the vehicle. Use them if the vehicle
is stuck off-road and needs to be pulled
some place to continue driving.
Vehicle Load Limits
It is very important to know how much
weight the vehicle can carry. This
weight is called the vehicle capacity
weight and includes the weight of all
occupants, cargo, and all
nonfactory-installed options. Two labels
on the vehicle may show how much
weight it was designed to carry: the
Tire and Loading Information label and
the Certification/Tire label.
{Warning
Do not load the vehicle any heavier
than the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating
(GVWR), or either the maximum
front or rear Gross Axle Weight
Rating (GAWR). This can cause
systems to break and change the
way the vehicle handles. This could
cause loss of control and a crash.
(Continued)

Chevrolet Silverado 2500 HD/3500 HD Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.
S./Canada/Mexico-15546003) - 2022 - CRC - 5/5/21
Driving and Operating 221
Warning (Continued)
Overloading can also reduce stopping
performance, damage the tires, and
shorten the life of the vehicle.
Tire and Loading Information Label
Label Example
A vehicle-specific Tire and Loading
Information label is attached to the
center pillar (B-pillar). The Tire and
Loading Information label shows the
number of occupant seating positions (1), and the maximum vehicle
capacity weight (2) in kilograms and
pounds.
The Tire and Loading Information label
also shows the size of the original
equipment tires (3) and the
recommended cold tire inflation
pressures (4). For more information on
tires and inflation see
Tires0344 and
Tire Pressure 0349.
There is also important loading
information on the vehicle Certification/
Tire label. It may show the Gross
Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) and the
Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) for
the front and rear axles. See
“Certification/Tire Label” later in this
section.“Steps for Determining Correct Load Limit–
1.
Locate the statement "The combined
weight of occupants and cargo
should never exceed XXX kg or
XXX lbs." on your vehicle’s placard.
2.Determine the combined weight of
the driver and passengers that will
be riding in your vehicle.
3.Subtract the combined weight of the
driver and passengers from XXX kg
or XXX lbs.
4.The resulting figure equals the
available amount of cargo and
luggage load capacity. For example,
if the "XXX" amount equals 1400 lbs.
and there will be five 150 lb
passengers in your vehicle, the
amount of available cargo and
luggage load capacity is 650 lbs.
(1400-750 (5 x 150) = 650 lbs.)
5.Determine the combined weight of
luggage and cargo being loaded on
the vehicle. That weight may not
safely exceed the available cargo and
luggage load capacity calculated in
Step 4.
6.If your vehicle will be towing a
trailer, load from your trailer will be
transferred to your vehicle. Consult
this manual to determine how this
reduces the available cargo and
luggage load capacity of your
vehicle.”

Chevrolet Silverado 2500 HD/3500 HD Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.
S./Canada/Mexico-15546003) - 2022 - CRC - 5/5/21
222 Driving and Operating
SeeTrailer Towing 0278 for important
information on towing a trailer, towing
safety rules, and trailering tips.
Example 1
1. Vehicle Capacity Weight for Example 1
= (453 kg) (1,000 lb)
2. Subtract Occupant Weight @ 68 kg (150 lb) × 2 = 136 kg (300 lb)
3. Available Occupant and Cargo Weight = 317 kg (700 lb)
Example 2
1. Vehicle Capacity Weight for Example 2= 453 kg (1,000 lb)
2. Subtract Occupant Weight @ 68 kg (150 lb) × 5 = 340 kg (750 lb)
3. Available Cargo Weight = 113 kg (250 lb)
Example 3
1. Vehicle Capacity Weight for Example 3= 453 kg (1,000 lb)
2. Subtract Occupant Weight @ 91 kg (200 lb) × 5 = 453 kg (1,000 lb)
3. Available Cargo Weight = 0 kg (0 lb)
Refer to the Tire and Loading
Information label for specific
information about the vehicle's capacity
weight and seating positions. The
combined weight of the driver,
passengers, and cargo should never
exceed the vehicle's capacity weight.