compressor CHRYSLER VOYAGER 2002 Workshop Manual

(11) Repeat procedure for each cylinder requiring
valve spring removal.
INSPECTION
Whenever valves have been removed for inspection,
reconditioning or replacement, valve springs should
be tested (Fig. 39).As an example;the compression
length of a spring to be tested is 38.00 mm (1.496
in.). Turn the table of Tool C-647 until surface is in
line with the 38.00 mm (1.496 in.) mark on the
threaded stud and the zero mark on the front. Placespring over stud on the table and lift compressing
lever to set tone device. Pull on torque wrench until
ping is heard. Take reading on torque wrench at this
instant. Multiply this reading by two. This will give
the spring load at test length. Fractional measure-
ments are indicated on the table for finer adjust-
ments. Refer to Engine Specifications to obtain
specified height and allowable tensions (Refer to 9 -
ENGINE - SPECIFICATIONS). Replace any springs
that do not meet specifications.
INSTALLATION
INSTALLATION - CYLINDER HEAD OFF
(1) If removed, install a new valve stem seal (Refer
to 9 - ENGINE/CYLINDER HEAD/VALVE STEM
SEALS - INSTALLATION).
(2) Position valve spring and retainer on spring
seat.
(3) Using Special Tool C-3422-D with 8464 Adapter
(Fig. 37), compress the spring only enough to install
the valve retainer locks. Install valve retainer locks.
(4) Slowly release the spring tension. Ensure the
retainer locks are seated properly.
INSTALLATION - CYLINDER HEAD ON
(1) The intake valve stem seals should be pushed
firmly and squarely over the valve guide using the
valve stem as guide.Do Not Forceseal against top
of guide. When installing the valve retainer locks,
compress the springonly enoughto install the
locks.
CAUTION: Do not pinch seal between retainer and
top of valve guide.
Fig. 37 VALVE SPRING - REMOVE/INSTALL
1 - SPECIAL TOOL C-3422-D SPRING COMPRESSOR
2 - SPECIAL TOOL 8464 ADAPTER
Fig. 38 VALVE SPRING - REMOVE/INSTALL (HEAD
ON)
1 - SPECIAL TOOL 8453
2 - BOLTS - SPECIAL TOOL ATTACHING
3 - AIR SUPPLY HOSE ADAPTER
Fig. 39 TESTING VALVE SPRING
1 - SPECIAL TOOL C-647
RSENGINE 3.3/3.8L9 - 109
VALVE SPRINGS (Continued)
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(5) Inspect connecting rods and connecting rod
caps for cylinder identification. Identify them, if nec-
essary (Fig. 78).
(6) Remove connecting rod cap. Install connecting
rod bolt protectors on connecting rod bolts (Fig. 79).
(7) Remove each piston and connecting rod assem-
bly out of the cylinder bore.
NOTE: Be careful not to nick crankshaft journals.
(8) After removal, install bearing cap on the mat-
ing rod.
INSTALLATION
(1) Before installing pistons and connecting rod
assemblies into the bore, ensure that compression
ring gaps are staggered so that neither is in line with
oil ring rail gap (Fig. 80).(2) Before installing the ring compressor, ensure
the oil ring expander ends are butted and the rail
gaps located as shown in (Fig. 80).
(3) Lubricate the piston and rings with clean
engine oil. Position a ring compressor over the piston
and rings, and tighten the compressor (Fig. 81).Be
sure position of rings does not change during
this operation.
(4) Position upper bearing onto connecting rod.
Lubricate bearing with oil.
(5) Install connecting rod bolt protectors (rubber
hose or equivalent) on the connecting rod bolts (Fig.
81).
Fig. 77 Checking Cylinder Bore Size
Fig. 78 Identify Connecting Rod to Cylinder
1 - CYLINDER NUMBER
Fig. 79 Connecting Rod Protectors
1 - COVER ROD BOLTS WITH A SUITABLE COVERING WHEN
REMOVING OR INSTALLING PISTON ASSEMBLY
Fig. 80 Piston Ring End Gap Position
1 - SIDE RAIL UPPER
2 - NO. 1 RING GAP
3 - PISTON PIN
4 - SIDE RAIL LOWER
5 - NO. 2 RING GAP AND SPACER EXPANDER GAP
9 - 128 ENGINE 3.3/3.8LRS
PISTON & CONNECTING ROD (Continued)
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(6) The pistons are marked with a ªFº located near
the piston pin. Install piston with this mark posi-
tioned to front of engine on both cylinder banks. The
connecting rod oil squirt hole faces the major thrust
(right) side of the engine block (Fig. 82).
(7) Rotate crankshaft until the connecting rod
journal is located in the center of the cylinder bore.
Insert connecting rod and piston into cylinder bore.
Carefully guide connecting rod over the crankshaft
journal (Fig. 81).(8) Tap the piston down in cylinder bore, using a
hammer handle. At the same time, guide connecting
rod into position on connecting rod journal.
(9) Install lower bearing shell and connecting rod
cap (Fig. 81). Install nuts on cleaned and oiled rod
bolts and tighten to 54 N´m (40 ft. lbs.) PLUS
1¤4
turn.
(10) Repeat procedure for each piston and connect-
ing rod installation.
Fig. 81 PISTON AND CONNECTING ROD INSTALLATION
1 - RING - OIL CONTROL 7 - CAP - CONNECTING ROD
2 - RING - NO. 2 COMPRESSION 8 - BEARING - CONNECTING ROD LOWER
3 - RING - NO. 1 COMPRESSION 9 - CRANKSHAFT JOURNAL PROTECTOR (RUBBER HOSE)
4 - RING - SIDE RAIL UPPER & LOWER 10 - BEARING - CONNECTING ROD UPPER
5 - PISTON RING COMPRESSOR 11 - PISTON AND CONNECTING ROD ASSEMBLY
6 - NUT - CONNECTING ROD 12 - PISTON LOCATION MARK (F = FRONT)
RSENGINE 3.3/3.8L9 - 129
PISTON & CONNECTING ROD (Continued)
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(3) Position heat shield on manifold (Fig. 136).
(4) Install the remaining manifold attaching bolts.
Tighten all bolts to 23 N´m (200 in. lbs.).
(5) Install and tighten heat shield attaching nut to
12 N´m (105 in. lbs.) (Fig. 136).
(6) Connect battery negative cable.
VALVE TIMING
STANDARD PROCEDURE
STANDARD PROCEDURE - VALVE TIMING
VERIFICATION
(1) Remove front cylinder head cover and all 6
spark plugs.
(2) Rotate engine until the #2 piston is at TDC of
the compression stroke.
(3) Install a degree wheel on the crankshaft pulley.
(4) With proper adaptor, install a dial indicator
into #2 spark plug hole. Using the indicator find TDC
on the compression stroke.
(5) Position the degree wheel to zero.
(6) Remove dial indicator from spark plug hole.
(7) Place a 5.08 mm (0.200 in.) spacer between the
valve stem tip of #2 intake valve and rocker arm pad.
Allow tappet to bleed down to give a solid tappet
effect.
(8) Install a dial indicator so plunger contacts the
#2 intake valve spring retainer as nearly perpendic-
ular as possible. Zero the indicator.
(9) Rotate the engine clockwise until the intake
valve has lifted .254 mm (0.010 in.).
CAUTION: Do not turn crankshaft any further clock-
wise as intake valve might bottom and result in
serious damage.
(10) Degree wheel should read 6 degrees BTDC to
6 degrees ATDC.
STANDARD PROCEDURE - MEASURING
TIMING CHAIN WEAR
NOTE: This procedure must be performed with the
timing chain cover removed (Refer to 9 - ENGINE/
VALVE TIMING/TIMING CHAIN COVER - REMOVAL).
(1) Position a scale next to timing chain so that
any movement of chain may be measured (Fig. 138).
(2) Position a torque wrench and socket on the
camshaft sprocket attaching bolt. Apply force in the
direction of crankshaft rotation to take up slack to
the following torque:
²41 N´m (30 ft. lb.) with cylinder heads installed
²20 N´m (15 ft. lb.) with cylinder heads removedNOTE: With torque applied to the camshaft
sprocket bolt, crankshaft should not be permitted to
move. It may be necessary to block crankshaft to
prevent rotation.
(3) Holding a measuring scale along edge of chain
links (Fig. 138).
(4) Apply force in the reverse direction to the fol-
lowing torque:
²41 N´m (30 ft. lb.) with cylinder heads installed
²20 N´m (15 ft. lb.) with cylinder heads removed
(5) Measure amount of sprocket/chain movement.
(6) Install a new timing chain and sprockets if
movement exceeds 3.175 mm (1/8 in.).
TIMING CHAIN COVER
REMOVAL
(1) Disconnect negative cable from battery.
(2) Drain cooling system. (Refer to 7 - COOLING -
STANDARD PROCEDURE)
(3) Raise vehicle on hoist.
(4) Drain engine oil.
(5) Remove right wheel and inner splash shield.
(6) Remove oil pan. (Refer to 9 - ENGINE/LUBRI-
CATION/OIL PAN - REMOVAL)
(7) Remove oil pick-up tube (Fig. 139).
(8) Remove accessory drive belt. (Refer to 7 -
COOLING/ACCESSORY DRIVE/DRIVE BELTS -
REMOVAL)
(9) Remove A/C compressor and set aside.
(10) Remove crankshaft vibration damper. (Refer
to 9 - ENGINE/ENGINE BLOCK/VIBRATION
DAMPER - REMOVAL)
(11) Remove radiator lower hose.
Fig. 138 Measuring Timing Chain Wear
1 - TORQUE WRENCH
RSENGINE 3.3/3.8L9 - 155
EXHAUST MANIFOLD - LEFT (Continued)
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(3) Rotate crankshaft so that the oil pump drive
flats are in the vertical position.
(4) Position oil pump inner rotor so the mating
flats are in the same position as the crankshaft drive
flats (Fig. 144).CAUTION: Make sure the oil pump is engaged on
the crankshaft correctly or severe damage may
result.
(5) Install timing cover (Fig. 144).
(6) Install timing chain cover bolts. Tighten M8
bolts to 27 N´m (20 ft. lbs.) and M10 bolts to 54 N´m
(40 ft. lbs.) (Fig. 145).
(7) Install crankshaft front oil seal. (Refer to 9 -
ENGINE/ENGINE BLOCK/CRANKSHAFT OIL
SEAL - FRONT - INSTALLATION)
(8) Install water pump and pulley. (Refer to 7 -
COOLING/ENGINE/WATER PUMP - INSTALLA-
TION)
(9) Install crankshaft vibration damper. (Refer to 9
- ENGINE/ENGINE BLOCK/VIBRATION DAMPER -
INSTALLATION)
(10) Install engine mount bracket (Fig. 142) and
tighten M10 to 54 N´m (40 ft. lbs.), M8 bolt to 28
N´m (21 ft. lb. lbs.).
(11) Install idler pulley on engine mount bracket
(Fig. 142).
(12) Install right side engine mount. (Refer to 9 -
ENGINE/ENGINE MOUNTING/RIGHT MOUNT -
INSTALLATION)
(13) Install camshaft position sensor (Refer to 8 -
ELECTRICAL/IGNITION CONTROL/CAMSHAFT
POSITION SENSOR - INSTALLATION).
(14) Connect the heater return hose at rear of tim-
ing chain cover (Fig. 140) or at water pump inlet
tube (if engine oil cooler equipped) (Fig. 141).
(15) Connect the radiator lower hose.
(16) Install A/C compressor.
(17) Install accessory drive belt. (Refer to 7 -
COOLING/ACCESSORY DRIVE/DRIVE BELTS -
INSTALLATION)
Fig. 142 Engine Mount Bracket
1 - CAMSHAFT SENSOR
2 - BOLT - CAMSHAFT SENSOR
3 - BOLT - MOUNT BRACKET (VERTICAL)
4 - BRACKET - ENGINE MOUNT
5 - BOLT - MOUNT BRACKET (HORIZONTAL)
6 - PULLEY - IDLER
7 - BOLT - IDLER PULLEY
8 - SPACER - IDLER PULLEY BOLT
9 - BOLT - MOUNT BRACKET (HORIZONTAL)
Fig. 143 Power Steering Pump Strut
1 - BOLT - LOWER
2 - STRUT - P/S PUMP
3 - BOLT - UPPER
Fig. 144 Timing Chain Cover and Gasket
1 - GASKET
2 - TIMING CHAIN COVER
RSENGINE 3.3/3.8L9 - 157
TIMING CHAIN COVER (Continued)
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INSTALLATION
INSTALLATION - 2.5L TURBO DIESEL ENGINE
(1) Reassembly engine and transmission assembly
and install on engine cradle.
(2) Position engine and cradle assembly under
vehicle.
(3) Slowly lower the vehicle down over the engine
and cradle assembly.
(4) Install right engine mount bolts. Torque to
54N´m (40 ft. lbs.)
(5) Install left engine mount through bolt. Torque
to 75N´m (55 ft. lbs.)
(6) Raise vehicle and engine from engine cradle.
(7) Attach front engine mount bracket to lower
radiator support. Torque to 54N´m (40 ft. lbs.)
(8) Connect cabin heater coolant hose.
(9) Connect exhaust pipe to the turbocharger
downpipe flange. Torque to 28 N´m (250 in. lbs.)
(10) Connect reverse lamp electrical connector at
transmission.
(11) Connect both shifter cables (Refer to 21 -
TRANSMISSION/TRANSAXLE/MANUAL/GEAR
SHIFT CABLE - INSTALLATION).
(12) Connect the clutch slave cylinder quick dis-
connect connector (RHD only)(Refer to 6 - CLUTCH/
SLAVE CYLINDER - INSTALLATION).
(13) Install engine harness into bracket on trans-
mission.
(14) Lower vehicle.
(15) Connect fuel supply and return lines.
(16) Connect A/C lines to A/C compressor. Torque
to 23N´m (17 ft. lbs.)
(17) Route engine wiring harnes to proper location.
(18) Connect engine harness ground cables to
engine block
(19) Connect starter solenoid electrical connector
and battery feed wire to starter. Torque to 10N´m (90
in. lbs.)
(20) Connect A/C compressor, injection pump, glow
plugs, and coolant temperature sensor electrical con-
nectors.
(21) Connect generator electrical connector. Torque
to 9N´m (75 in. lbs.)
(22) Connect the fuel injector, fuel pressure sensor,
boost pressure/intake air temp sensor, cam sensor,
and egr solenoid electrical connectors (Fig. 8).
(23) Connect egr solenoid vacuum supply line to
brake boost vacuum supply line.(24) Connect brake booster vacuum supply line.
(25) Connect heater core return hose to coolant
pipe.
(26) Connect lower radiator hose to engine (Fig. 7).
(27) Install charger air cooler inlet hose (Fig. 6).
(28) Install charge air cooler outlet hose (Fig. 6).
(29) Connect upper radiator hose to engine (Fig.
7).
(30) Install battery shield.
(31) Install coolant reserve pressure container
(Refer to 7 - COOLING/ENGINE/COOLANT RECOV-
ERY PRESS CONTAINER - INSTALLATION).
(32) Install power steering reservoir and bracket
(Fig. 4).
(33) Raise vehicle
(34) Connect oil pressure sensor, oil temperature
sensor, engine speed sensor, and vehicle speed sensor
electrical connector (Fig. 9).
(35) Install suspension cradle in vehicle (Refer to
13 - FRAME & BUMPERS/FRAME/ENGINE CRA-
DLE CROSSMEMBER - INSTALLATION).
(36) Install both axle shaft assemblies (Refer to 3 -
DIFFERENTIAL & DRIVELINE/HALF SHAFT -
INSTALLATION).
(37) Connect the power steering supply, pressure,
and return lines to power steering pump (Fig. 4).
(38) Install the power steering line brackets on oil
pan (Fig. 4).
(39) Install lower splash shield and side panels.
(40) Install both front wheel and tire assemblies.
(41) Lower vehicle.
(42) Install air cleaner housing, MAF sensor, and
air intake tube assembly (Fig. 3).
(43) Refill transmission to proper level (Refer to 21
- TRANSMISSION/TRANSAXLE/MANUAL/FLUID -
STANDARD PROCEDURE).
(44) Refill engine coolant (Refer to 7 - COOLING/
ENGINE/COOLANT - STANDARD PROCEDURE).
(45) Recharge A/C system (Refer to 24 - HEATING
& AIR CONDITIONING/PLUMBING/REFRIGER-
ANT - STANDARD PROCEDURE) .
(46) Install engine cover (Refer to 9 - ENGINE -
INSTALLATION) (Fig. 2).
(47) Connect negative battery cable.
INSTALLATION - ENGINE COVER
(1) Install engine cover on engine.
(2) Install the engine cover mounting bolts (Fig.
10).
RGENGINE9a-7
ENGINE 2.5L TURBO DIESEL (Continued)
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VM.1064 POWER STEERING PUMP GEAR
REMOVER
VM.1065 PISTON RING COMPRESSOR
VM.1066 CYLINDER HEAD COVER ALIGNMENT
PINS
VM.1068 90 DEGREES AFTER TDC ALIGNMENT PIN
VM.1069 CRANKSHAFT REM/INSTALL SLEEVE
VM.1070 FLYWHEEL LOCKING TOOL
RGENGINE9a-15
ENGINE 2.5L TURBO DIESEL (Continued)
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CYLINDER HEAD
STANDARD PROCEDURE
STANDARD PROCEDURE - VALVE SERVICE
This procedure is done with the engine cylinder
head removed from the block.
DISASSEMBLY
(1) Remove the engine cylinder head from the cyl-
inder block. Refer to cylinder head removal and
installation in this section.
(2) Use Valve Spring Compressor Tool and com-
press each valve spring.
(3) Remove the valve locks, retainers, and springs.
(4) Use an Arkansas smooth stone or a jewelers
file to remove any burrs on the top of the valve stem,
especially around the groove for the locks.
(5) Remove the valves, and place them in a rack in
the same order as removed.
VALVE CLEANING
(1) Clean all carbon deposits from the combustion
chambers, valve ports, valve stems, valve stem
guides and head.
(2) Clean all grime and gasket material from the
engine cylinder head machined gasket surface.
INSPECTION
(1) Inspect for cracks in the combustion chambers
and valve ports.
(2) Inspect for cracks on the exhaust seat.
(3) Inspect for cracks in the gasket surface at each
coolant passage.
(4) Inspect valves for burned, cracked or warped
heads.
(5) Inspect for scuffed or bent valve stems.
(6) Replace valves displaying any damage.
(7) Check valve spring height (Fig. 11).
VALVE REFACING
(1) Use a valve refacing machine to reface the
intake and exhaust valves to the specified angle.
(2) After refacing, a margin of at least 4.52-4.49
mm (.178-.177 inch) must remain (Fig. 12). If the
margin is less than 4.49 mm (.177 inch), the valve
must be replaced.
VALVE SEAT REFACING
(1) Install a pilot of the correct size in the valve
guide bore. Reface the valve seat to the specified
angle with a good dressing stone. Remove only
enough metal to provide a smooth finish.
(2) Use tapered stones to obtain the specified seat
width when required.
VALVE STAND DOWN
Valve stand down is to maintain the adequate com-
pression ratio.
(1) Invert cylinder head.
(2) Fit each valve to its respective valve guide.
(3) Using a straight edge and feeler gauge, check
valve head stand down: Inlet valve head stand down
1.08 to 1.34 mm (.042 to .052 ins.) and exhaust valve
stand down .99 to 1.25 mm (.035 to .049 ins.).
(4) If valve head stand down is not in accordance
with above, discard original valves, check stand down
with new valves and recut valve seat inserts to
obtain correct stand down.
VALVE GUIDES
(1) Valve Guides height requirement.
(2) Measurement A (Fig. 13): 16.50 - 17.00 mm.
Measurment B : 14.50 - 15.00 mm.
VALVE STEM-TO-GUIDE CLEARANCE
MEASUREMENT
(1) Measure and record internal diameter of valve
guides. Valve guide internal diameter is 8.0 to 8.015
mm (.3149 to .3155 ins.).
(2) Measure valve stems and record diameters.
Intake valve stem diameter 7.94 to 7.96 mm (.3125 to
Fig. 11 VALVE SPRING CHART
LOAD Kg HEIGHT mm STATE
P1 0.00 H1 45.26 FREE LENGTH
P2 182-5
+10%H2 38.00 VALVE CLOSED
P3 395 5% H3 28.20 VALVE OPEN
RGENGINE9a-17
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assembly, determined by the numbers stamped on
the crown of individual pistons. Engine cylinders are
numbered starting from gear train end of the engine.
Face arrow on top of piston toward front of
engine. Therefore, the numbers stamped on connect-
ing rod big end should face toward the injection
pump side of engine. To insert piston into cylinder
use a ring compressor (VM.1065) as shown in (Fig.
57).
INSTALLATION
(1) Before installing pistons, and connecting rod
assemblies into the bore, be sure that compression
ring gaps are staggered so that neither is in line with
oil ring rail gap (Fig. 56).
(2) Before installing the ring compressor, make
sure the oil ring expander ends are butted together.
(3) Immerse the piston head and rings in clean
engine oil, slide the ring compressor, over the piston
and tighten (Fig. 57).Ensure position of rings
does not change during this operation.
NOTE: Be sure arrow on top of piston faces
towards front of engine.
NOTE: Be careful not to nick crankshaft journals.
(4) Rotate crankshaft so that the connecting rod
journal is on the center of the cylinder bore. Insert
rod and piston into cylinder bore and guide rod over
the crankshaft journal.(5) Tap the piston down in cylinder bore, using a
hammer handle. At the same time, guide connecting
rod into position on connecting rod journal.
(6) Install connecting rod caps (Fig. 58). Install rod
bolts and tighten to 30N´m (22 ft.lb.) plus 60É. Then
torque to 88N´m (65 ft.lb).
(7) Install cylinder head (Refer to 9 - ENGINE/
CYLINDER HEAD - INSTALLATION).
(8) Install balance shaft assembly (Refer to 9 -
ENGINE/VALVE TIMING/BALANCE SHAFT -
INSTALLATION).
(9) Install oil pump pickup tube (Refer to 9 -
ENGINE/LUBRICATION/OIL PUMP - INSTALLA-
TION).
(10) Install oil pan (Refer to 9 - ENGINE/LUBRI-
CATION/OIL PAN - INSTALLATION).
(11) Connect negative battery cable.
Fig. 57 PISTON INSTALLATION USING VM.1065
Fig. 58 PISTON AND CONNECTING ROD
INSTALLATION
1 - PISTON AND CONNECTING ROD ASSEMBLY
2 - FOUR DIGIT NUMBER
3 - CONNECTING ROD BOLT
4 - FOUR DIGIT NUMBER
9a - 40 ENGINERG
PISTON & CONNECTING ROD (Continued)
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TURBOCHARGER SYSTEM
DESCRIPTION
CAUTION: The turbocharger is a performance part
and must not be tampered with. The wastegate
bracket is an integral part of the turbocharger. Tam-
pering with the wastegate components can reduce
durability by increasing cylinder pressure and ther-
mal loading due to incorrect inlet and exhaust man-
ifold pressure. Poor fuel economy and failure to
meet regulatory emissions laws may result. Increas-
ing the turbocharger boost WILL NOT increase
engine power.
The turbocharger is an exhaust-driven super-
charger which increases the pressure and density of
the air entering the engine. With the increase of air
entering the engine, more fuel can be injected into
the cylinders, which creates more power during com-
bustion.
The turbocharger assembly consists of four (4)
major component systems (Fig. 1) (Fig. 2):
²Turbine section
²Compressor section
²Bearing housing
²Wastegate
OPERATION
Exhaust gas pressure and energy drive the tur-
bine, which in turn drives a centrifugal compressor
that compresses the inlet air, and forces the air into
the engine through the charge air cooler and plumb-
ing. Since heat is a by-product of this compression,
the air must pass through a charge air cooler to cool
the incoming air and maintain power and efficiency.
Increasing air flow to the engine provides:
²Improved engine performance
²Lower exhaust smoke density
²Improved operating economy
²Altitude compensation
²Noise reduction.
The turbocharger also uses a wastegate (Fig. 3),
which regulates intake manifold air pressure and
prevents over boosting at high engine speeds. When
the wastegate valve is closed, all of the exhaust gases
flow through the turbine wheel. As the intake mani-
fold pressure increases, the wastegate actuator opens
the valve, diverting some of the exhaust gases away
from the turbine wheel. This limits turbine shaft
speed and air output from the impeller.
The turbocharger is lubricated by engine oil that is
pressurized, cooled, and filtered. The oil is delivered
to the turbocharger by a supply line that is tapped
into the oil filter head. The oil travels into the bear-
ing housing, where it lubricates the shaft and bear-
ings (Fig. 4). A return pipe at the bottom of the
Fig. 1 Turbocharger Operation
1 - TURBINE SECTION
2 - EXHAUST GAS
3 - BEARING HOUSING
4 - COMPRESSOR SECTION
5 - INLET AIR
6 - COMPRESSED AIR TO ENGINE
7 - EXHAUST GAS
8 - EXHAUST GAS TO EXHAUST PIPE
Fig. 2 Turbocharger Wastegate Actuator
1 - TURBOCHARGER
2 - DIAPHRAGM
3 - WASTE GATE ACTUATOR
11a - 2 EXHAUST SYSTEM AND TURBOCHARGERRG
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