oil change FORD KUGA 2011 1.G User Guide

Calculation of valve timing adjustment
angle
The 2.5L Duratec (VI5) engine has two camshaft
adjustment units which work independently of each
other.
One camshaft adjustment solenoid is installed for
each intake camshaft and exhaust camshaft.
This allows the PCM to continuously adjust the
intake and exhaust-side camshaft adjustments
independently of one another. The timing is
adjusted by the PCM using curves; adjustment is
primarily done as a function of engine load and
engine speed.
In this way the engine performance is increased
and internal exhaust gas recirculation is realized.
The advantages of camshaft adjustment are as
follows:
• Higher torque and improved torquecharacteristics
• Reduced fuel consumption
• Improved emissions performance
The camshaft adjustment solenoids are actuated
by the PWM by means of a PCM signal.
Continuous adjustment of the camshafts by the
PCM is achieved by means of the camshaft
adjustment solenoids, the camshaft adjustment
units and two CMP sensors. A defined quantity of
engine is oil is supplied to or drained from the
adjustment units via the camshaft adjustment
solenoids. The existing EOP (engine oil pressure)
is taken into account in the process. In this way
the valve timings are adjusted according to the
operating condition of the engine. The camshaft
adjusters work according to the vane-cell principle.
On starting the engine, both camshafts are
mechanically locked in their starting positions. The
intake camshaft is in the maximum late position
and the exhaust camshaft in the maximum early
position.
Control is divided into four main areas:
• Low engine speed and low load
• Partial load
• Low engine speed and high load
• High engine speed and high load
At low engine speed and low load, the exhaust
valves open early and the intake valves open late.
The result is reduced fuel consumption and more
uniform idling. In the partial load range, the exhaust valves and
the intake valves open late. The late opening of
the exhaust valves results in a good utilization of
the expanding gases in the cylinder. Closing the
exhaust valves after Top Dead Center allows
internal exhaust gas recirculation through aspiration
of exhaust gases into the combustion chamber.
Moreover, the intake valves close after Bottom
Dead Centre, allowing the fresh air/fuel mixture
and exhaust gases to flow back into the intake
tract. The result is reduced fuel consumption and
low emissions.
At low engine speed and high engine load, the
exhaust valves open late and the intake valves
open early. Due to the resulting valve opening
overlap at Top Dead Centre, the pulsating gas
column within the combustion chamber is utilized
to achieve better charging of the combustion
chamber. The result is increased torque at lower
RPM.
At high engine speeds and high engine load, the
exhaust valves open early and the intake valves
close late. Because a rapid gas exchange must be
achieved at high engine speeds, the early opening
of the exhaust valves achieves better expulsion of
the exhaust gas and the late closing of the intake
valves improves cylinder charge efficiency.
Optimum power output is achieved.
Many other camshaft positions are possible in
addition to these settings.
In order to avoid a malfunction in the camshaft
adjustment units at excessively low ambient or
engine-oil temperatures, they are activated by the
PCM with a time delay via the camshaft adjustment
solenoids. The PCM receives the information
required for this from the ECT sensor and the
outside air temperature sensor.
When idling and during deceleration, the camshaft
adjustment solenoids are activated repeatedly by
the PCM in order to remove any dirt which may be
on the bore holes and ring grooves.
Boost pressure control
Optimum regulation is achieved by means of an
electronically-controlled solenoid valve, the boost
control solenoid valve.
Refer to:
Turbocharger (303-04 Fuel Charging and
Controls - Turbocharger - 2.5L Duratec
(147kW/200PS) - VI5, Description and
Operation).
G1021908en2008.50 Kuga8/2011
303-14- 23
Electronic Engine Controls— 2.5L Duratec (147kW/200PS) - VI5303-14-
23
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
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Description
Item
Coil-on-plug ignition coil
1
Spark plug connector
2
Low-voltage connection
3
Laminated soft-iron core
4Description
Item
Primary winding
5
Secondary winding
6
Spark plug
7
High-voltage connection via spring contact
8
In an ignition system with coil-on-plug ignition coils,
each cylinder is actuated individually and only once
per cycle (working stroke). The coil-on-plug ignition
coils are mounted directly on the spark plugs,
therefore no ignition cables are required between
the ignition coils and the spark plugs.
Each individual ignition coil is actuated on the
low-voltage side by the PCM. The power
end-stages are incorporated into the coil-on-plug
ignition coils. Only the actuating current for these
power end-stages is controlled by the PCM.
Fuel pressure/fuel temperature sensor
E73531
The fuel pressure/fuel temperature sensor is a
combination of two sensors, one for the fuel
absolute pressure and one for the fuel temperature.
The sensors register the fuel values in the fuel
injection supply manifold. The sensor is supplied
with a 5V voltage by the PCM.
The fuel pressure sensor is a piezoresistor and
works using an analog signal. The change in output
voltage mirrors the change in pressure in the fuel
rail. If the pressure is low, the output voltage is also
low.
The fuel temperature sensor is an NTC resistor.
When the fuel pressure/fuel temperature sensor is
disconnected, the resistance of the fuel
temperature sensor between connections 1 and 2
of the sensor can be measured.
Resistor
Temperature
5896 Ohm
0° C
3792 Ohm
10° C
2500 Ohm
20° C
1707 Ohm
30° C
1175 Ohm
40° C
The values of the fuel pressure/fuel temperature
sensor can be read out with IDS. The displayed
values are absolute values (fuel pressure +
atmospheric pressure).
Wastegate control valve
E73539
The boost control solenoid valve is a 2/3-way valve
that is actuated with a PWM signal. This allows the
valve opening to be steplessly adjusted.
Power (battery voltage) is supplied via the
Powertrain Control Module relay in the BJB. The
solenoid coil resistance is around 23 ohms at 20°
C.
G1021908en2008.50 Kuga8/2011
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Electronic Engine Controls— 2.5L Duratec (147kW/200PS) - VI5303-14-
33
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
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Engine oil level, temperature and quality
sensor
E95312
The sensor is a combined oil level and oil
temperature sensor.
The sensor consists of:
• Electrical connector
• Integral electronics
• PTC resistor
• Capacitive element consisting of two tubes witha space between them. The one tube represents
the positive side, the other the negative. The oil
between the tubes creates the capacitive
properties.
The sensor receives a 5V voltage from the PCM.
The sensor generates a PWM signal that is sent
to the PCM.
Exterior aor temperature sensor
The outside air temperature sensor is a NTC
resistor and is supplied with a 5V voltage by the
PCM.
The resistance of, and consequently the voltage
from, the outside air temperature sensor changes
as a function of temperature.
G1021908en2008.50 Kuga8/2011
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Electronic Engine Controls— 2.5L Duratec (147kW/200PS) - VI5303-14-
34
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Overview of the select-shift switch module
E112331
The select-shift switch module is located on the
upper trim of the selector lever unit. The module
is supplied with power by the TCM.
It uses the LIN databus to interact with the TCM,
for instance to activate the selector lever position
display.
It allows the automatic transmission gears to be
changed up and down manually via the signals of
the Hall sensors.
The select-shift switch module detects the selector
lever position 'P' and 'S' via the integrated selector
lever position sensors (Hall sensors).
A cable leading from the TCM passes directly to
the select-shift switch module and is used to control
the solenoid of the selector lever lock. The
switching solenoid receives its voltage supply
directly from the module.
In the event of a fault, a signal is transmitted to the
TCM where all DTCs are stored.
Oil pump
E68097
1
2
3
45
Description
Item
Fluid pump rotor, outer
1
Fluid pump rotor, inner
2
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307-01- 54
Automatic Transmission/Transaxle
— Vehicles With:
5-Speed Automatic Transaxle - AW55 AWD
307-01- 54
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• Parking brake switch.– The parking brake switch is hard-wired to theGEM. The parking brake switch sends a
signal to the GEM when the parking brake is
operated. The GEM activates the parking
brake indicator lamp in the instrument cluster.
If the parking brake indicator lamp is lit,
cruise control cannot be activated.
• Back-up light switch – The backup lamp switch is hard-wired to the GEM. The backup lamp switch sends a signal
to the GEM when reverse gear is engaged.
The GEM activates the reversing lamp.
Cruise control cannot be activated when
reverse gear is engaged.
Component Description
Speed control switches
E103768
3
4
5
1
2
Description
Item
"ON" button
Comments:
1
"OFF" button
2Description
Item
"RES" button
3
"SET+" button
4
"SET-" button
5
The cruise control buttons are non-locking push
buttons. They are connected to the coil spring via
a hard-wired 9-pin plug connection.
The cruise control buttons operate according to
the resistance bridge circuit principle. The buttons
receive a 5 Volt reference voltage. When operated,
each button passes a particular voltage to the
GEM. The GEM measures this voltage and from
it determines which button has been pressed.
The operation of the cruise control buttons can be
checked by a simple measurement of the
resistance between pin 4 and pin 5 at the coil
spring 9-pin connector. A change of resistance
must occur when a button is pressed.
G1044191en2008.50 Kuga8/2011
310-03- 6
Speed Control
310-03- 6
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SECTION 412-01 Climate Control
VEHICLE APPLICATION:2008.50 Kuga
PA G E
CONTENTS
SPECIFICATIONS
412-01-3
Specifications ........................................................................\
..............................................
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION 412-01-4
Climate Control (Component Location) ........................................................................\
......
412-01-10
Climate Control (Overview) ........................................................................\
........................
412-01-10
Pollen filter ........................................................................\
..................................................
412-01-10
Heat exchanger ........................................................................\
..........................................
412-01-10
Evaporator assembly ........................................................................\
..................................
412-01-10
Blower motor ........................................................................\
..............................................
412-01-11
Fault Memory Interrogation without diagnostics unit - vehicles with automatic temperature
control ........................................................................\
.......................................................
412-01-11
Switch over from Celsius to Fahrenheit ........................................................................\
......
412-01-12
Climate Control (System Operation and Component Description) .....................................
412-01-12
System Diagram ........................................................................\
.........................................
412-01-19
System Operation ........................................................................\
.......................................
412-01-19
Climate control housing ........................................................................\
..........................
412-01-22
Climate control ........................................................................\
........................................
412-01-24
Component Description ........................................................................\
..............................
412-01-24
Air conditioning compressor ........................................................................\
...................
412-01-24
Pollen filter ........................................................................\
..............................................
412-01-24
Control assembly, climate control - vehicles with manual temperature control ..............
412-01-25
Control assembly, climate control - vehicles with automatic temperature control ...........
412-01-25
Control assembly, climate control - vehicles with DVD navigation system with a touch
screen........................................................................\
................................................... 412-01-25
Climate control module - vehicles with DVD navigation system with a touch screen.....
412-01-25
Sun sensor - vehicles with automatic temperature control .............................................
412-01-26
In-vehicle temperature sensor ........................................................................\
................
412-01-26
Ambient temperature sensor ........................................................................\
..................
412-01-26
Blower motor ........................................................................\
...........................................
412-01-26
Blower control module - vehicles equipped with automatic temperature control ............
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION 412-01-28
(34 626 4)
Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor — 2.5L Duratec (147kW/200PS) - VI5 ....
412-01-29
Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor to Condenser Discharge Line .....................................
412-01-30
Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor to Condenser Discharge Line — 2.5L Duratec
(147kW/200PS) - VI5 ........................................................................\
................................
412-01-31
Condenser ........................................................................\
..................................................
412-01-35
Clutch and Clutch Field Coil........................................................................\
.......................
412-01-36
Pollen Filter — RHD........................................................................\
...................................
412-01-37
(34

374 0)
Blower Motor — RHD ........................................................................\
.............
412-01-40
(34 382 0)
Blower Motor Resistor — Vehicles With: Manual Temperature Control, RHD .
412-01-41
(34 382 0)
Blower Motor Resistor — Vehicles With: Dual Automatic Temperature
Control ........................................................................\
..................................
412-01- 1
Climate Control
412-01- 1
.
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