sensor INFINITI QX30 2017 Owners Manual
[x] Cancel search | Manufacturer: INFINITI, Model Year: 2017, Model line: QX30, Model: INFINITI QX30 2017Pages: 531, PDF Size: 5.08 MB
Page 60 of 531
WARNING
•The front-air bags ordinarily will not inflate
in the event of a side impact, rear impact,
rollover, or lower severity frontal collision.
Always wear the seat belts to help reduce
the risk or severity of injury in accidents.
•The front passenger air bag will not inflate if
the passenger air bag status light is lit or if
the front passenger seat is unoccupied. For
additional information, refer toFront pas-
senger air bag and status lightin the1.
Safety — seats, seat belts and supplemen-
tal restraint systemSafety — seats, seat
belts and supplemental restraint system
section.
•The seat belts and the front-impact air bags
are most effective when you are sitting well
back and upright in the seat. The front air
bags inflate with great force. Even with the
INFINITI Advanced Air Bag System, if you are
unrestrained, leaning forward, sitting side-
ways, or out of position in any way, you are
at greater risk of injury or death in a crash.
You may also receive serious or fatal inju-
ries from the front air bag if you are up
against it when it inflates. Always sit back
against the seatback and as far away aspractical from the steering wheel. Always
properly use the seat belts.
•The driver and front passenger seat belt
buckles are equipped with sensors that de-
tect if the seat belts are fastened. The
INFINITI Advanced Air Bag System monitors
the severity of a collision and seat belt us-
age then inflates the air bags as needed.
Failure to properly wear seat belts can in-
crease the risk or severity of injury in an
accident.
•The front passenger seat is equipped with
an occupant classification sensor (pressure
sensor) that turns the front passenger air
bag OFF under some conditions. This sensor
is only used in this seat. Failure to be prop-
erly seated and wearing the seat belt can
increase the risk or severity of injury in an
accident. For additional information, refer
toFront passenger air bag and status light
in the1. Safety — seats, seat belts and
supplemental restraint systemsection.
•Keep hands on the outside of the steering
wheel. Placing them inside the steering
wheel rim could increase the risk that they
are injured when the front air bag inflates.
WARNING
Never let children ride unrestrained or extend
their hands or face out of the window. Do not
attempt to hold them in your lap or arms. Some
examples of dangerous riding positions are
shown in the illustrations.
Safety — seats, seat belts and supplemental restraint system1-41
Page 64 of 531
SUPPLEMENTAL AIR BAG SYSTEMS
1. Crash zone sensor
2. Supplemental front-impact air bag mod-
ules
3. Front seat-mounted side-impact supple-
mental air bag modules4. Window bag/Roof-mounted curtain side-
impact and rollover supplemental air bag
inflators
5. Window bag/Roof-mounted curtain side-
impact and rollover supplemental air bag
modules6. Driver and passenger supplemental knee
air bags
7. Front door pressure sensors
8. Front seat belt with pretensioners
9. Satellite sensors
10. Air bag Control Unit (ACU)
11. Rear seat belt with pretensioners
WARNING
To ensure proper operation of the passenger’s
INFINITI Advanced Air Bag System, please ob-
serve the following items:
•If a forward-facing child restraint is in-
stalled in the front passenger seat, do not
position the front passenger seat so the
child restraint contacts the instrument
panel. If the child restraint does contact the
instrument panel, the system may deter-
mine the seat is occupied and the passen-
ger air bag may deploy in a collision. For
additional information about installing and
using child restraints, refer toChild
restraintsin the1. Safety — seats, seat
belts and supplemental restraint system
section.
•Confirm the operating condition with the
front passenger air bag status light.
NIC2754
Safety — seats, seat belts and supplemental restraint system1-45
Page 65 of 531
•If you notice that the front passenger air
bag status light is not operating as de-
scribed in this section. It is recommended
that you visit an INFINITI retailer to check
the occupant classification system.
•Until you have confirmed with a retailer that
your passenger seat occupant classification
system is working properly, position the oc-
cupants in the rear seating positions.
This vehicle is equipped with the INFINITI Ad-
vanced Air Bag System for the driver and front
passenger seats. This system is designed to
meet certification requirements under U.S.
regulations. It is also permitted in Canada.
All of the information, cautions and warnings in
this manual still apply and must be followed.
The driver supplemental front-impact air bag is
located in the center of the steering wheel. The
front passenger supplemental front-impact air
bag is mounted in the dashboard above the
glove box. The front air bags are designed to
inflate in higher severity frontal collisions, al-
though they may inflate if the forces in another
type of collision are similar to those of a higher
severity frontal impact. They may not inflate in
certain frontal collisions. Vehicle damage (or
lack of it) is not always an indication of proper
front air bag system operation.The INFINITI Advanced Air Bag System monitors
information from the crash zone sensor, the Air
bag Control Unit (ACU), seat belt buckle sensor
and occupant classification sensor (pressure
sensor). Inflator operation is based on the
severity of a collision and seat belt usage for
the driver. For the front passenger, the occu-
pant classification sensor is also monitored.
Based on information from the sensor, only one
front air bag may inflate in a crash, depending
on the crash severity and whether the front
occupants are belted or unbelted. Additionally,
the front passenger air bag may be automati-
cally turned off under some conditions, depend-
ing on the weight detected on the passenger
seat and how the seat belt is used. If the front
passenger air bag is OFF, the front passenger
air bag status light will be illuminated (if the
seat is unoccupied, the light will not be illumi-
nated, but the air bag will be off). For additional
information, refer toFront passenger air bag
and status lightin the1. Safety — seats, seat
belts and supplemental restraint systemsec-
tion. One front air bag inflating does not indi-
cate improper performance of the system.
If a crash occurs in which the vehicle’s air bags
deploy, by design the vehicle may not restart. If
this occurs, it is recommended that you visit an
INFINITI retailer for repair.If you have any questions about your air bag
system, it is recommended that you visit an
INFINITI retailer to obtain information about the
system. If you are considering modification of
your vehicle due to a disability, you may also
contact INFINITI. Contact information is con-
tained in the front of this Owner’s Manual.
When a front air bag inflates, a fairly loud noise
may be heard, followed by the release of
smoke. This smoke is not harmful and does not
indicate a fire. Care should be taken to not
inhale it, as it may cause irritation and choking.
Those with a history of a breathing condition
should get fresh air promptly.
Front air bags, along with the use of seat belts,
help to cushion the impact force on the face and
chest of the front occupants. They can help save
lives and reduce serious injuries. However, an
inflating front air bag may cause facial abra-
sions or other injuries. Front air bags do not
provide restraint to the lower body.
Even with INFINITI Advanced Air Bags, seat belts
should be correctly worn and the driver and
passenger seated upright as far as practical
away from the steering wheel or instrument
panel. The front air bags inflate quickly in order
to help protect the front occupants. Because of
this, the force of the front air bag inflating can
increase the risk of injury if the occupant is too
1-46Safety — seats, seat belts and supplemental restraint system
Page 67 of 531
If the status of the front-passenger front air bag
changes while the vehicle is in motion, an air
bag display message appears in the vehicle
information display (seeSupplemental Re-
straint System (SRS) air bag warning light
earlier in this section). When the front passen-
ger seat is occupied, always pay attention to
the
status of the front-passenger front air bag both
before and during the journey.
If the
remains off and/or the
rearward-facing child restraint system on the
front-passenger seat. For further information
seeTroubleshootinglater in this section.
Front passenger air bag
The front passenger air bag is designed to
automatically turn OFF when the vehicle is
operated under some conditions as described
below in accordance with U.S. regulations. If
the front passenger air bag is OFF, it will not
inflate in a crash. The driver air bag and other
air bags in your vehicle are not part of this
system. The purpose of the regulation is to help
reduce the risk of injury or death from an
inflating air bag to certain front passenger seatoccupants, such as children, by requiring the
air bag to be automatically turned OFF. Certain
sensors are used to meet the requirements.
The occupant classification sensor in this ve-
hicle is a pressure sensor. It is designed to
detect an occupant and objects on the seat by
weight. For example, if a child is in the front
passenger seat, the INFINITI Advanced Air Bag
System is designed to turn the front passenger
air bag OFF in accordance with the regulations.
Also, if a child restraint of the type specified in
the regulations is on the seat, its weight and
the child’s weight can be detected and cause
the air bag to turn OFF. Front passenger seat
adult occupants who are properly seated and
using the seat belt as outlined in this manual
should not cause the front passenger air bag to
be automatically turned OFF. For small adults it
may be turned OFF, however if the occupant
takes his/her weight off the seat cushion (for
example, by not sitting upright, by sitting on an
edge of the seat, or by otherwise being out of
position), this could cause the sensor to turn
the air bag OFF. Always be sure to be seated
and wearing the seat belt properly for the most
effective protection by the seat belt and supple-
mental air bag. INFINITI recommends that pre-
teens and children be properly restrained in a
rear seat. INFINITI also recommends that appro-
priate child restraints and booster seats beproperly installed in a rear seat. If this is not
possible, the occupant classification sensor is
designed to operate as described above to turn
the front passenger air bag OFF for specified
child restraints as required by the regulations.
Failing to properly secure child restraints and to
use the ALR mode may allow the restraint to tip
or move in a collision or sudden stop. This can
also result in the passenger air bag inflating in
a crash instead of being OFF. For additional
information about proper use and installation,
refer toChild restraintsin the1. Safety —
seats, seat belts and supplemental restraint
systemsection.
If the front passenger seat is not occupied, the
front passenger air bag is designed not to
inflate in a crash. However, heavy objects
placed on the seat could result in air bag
inflation, because of the object’s weight de-
tected by the occupant classification sensor.
Other conditions could also result in air bag
inflation, such as if a child is standing on the
seat, or if two children are on the seat, contrary
to the instructions in this manual. Always be
sure that you and all vehicle occupants are
seated and restrained properly.
1-48Safety — seats, seat belts and supplemental restraint system
Page 70 of 531
Other supplemental front-impact air
bag precautions
WARNING
•Do not place any objects on the steering
wheel pad or on the instrument panel. Also,
do not place any objects between any occu-
pant and the steering wheel or instrument
panel. Such objects may become dangerous
projectiles and cause injury if the front air
bags inflate.
•Immediately after inflation, several front air
bag system components will be hot. Do not
touch them; you may severely burn your-
self.
•No unauthorized changes should be made
to any components or wiring of the supple-
mental air bag system. This is to prevent
accidental inflation of the supplemental air
bag or damage to the supplemental air bag
system.
•Do not make unauthorized changes to your
vehicle’s electrical system, suspension sys-
tem or front end structure. This could affect
proper operation of the front air bag system.
•Tampering with the front air bag system
may result in serious personal injury. Tam-
pering includes changes to the steering
wheel and the instrument panel assembly
by placing material over the steering wheel
pad and above the instrument panel or by
installing additional trim material around
the air bag system.
•Removing or modifying the front passenger
seat may affect the function of the air bag
system and result in serious personal in-
jury.
•Modifying or tampering with the front pas-
senger seat may result in serious personal
injury. For example, do not change the front
seats by placing material on the seat cush-
ion or by installing additional trim material,
such as seat covers, on the seat that are not
specifically designed to assure proper air
bag operation. Additionally, do not stow
any objects under the front passenger seat
or the seat cushion and seatback. Such ob-
jects may interfere with the proper opera-
tion of the occupant classification sensor
(pressure sensor).
•No unauthorized changes should be made
to any components or wiring of the seat belt
system. This may affect the front air bag
system. Tampering with the seat belt sys-
tem may result in serious personal injury.
•It is recommended that you visit an INFINITI
retailer for work on and around the front air
bag. It is also recommended that you visit
an INFINITI retailer for installation of electri-
cal equipment. The Supplemental Restraint
System (SRS) wiring harnesses* should not
be modified or disconnected. Unauthorized
electrical test equipment and probing de-
vices should not be used on the air bag
system.
•A cracked windshield should be replaced
immediately by a qualified repair facility. A
cracked windshield could affect the func-
tion of the supplemental air bag system.
* The SRS wiring harness connectors are
yellow and orange for easy identification.
When selling your vehicle, we request that you
inform the buyer about the front air bag system
and guide the buyer to the appropriate sections
in this Owner’s Manual.
Safety — seats, seat belts and supplemental restraint system1-51
Page 87 of 531
the recommended pressure, the vehicle must be
driven at speeds above 16 MPH (25 km/h) to acti-
vate the TPMS and turn off the low tire pressure
warning light. Use a tire pressure gauge to check
the tire pressure.
The low tire pressure warning message appears
each time the ignition switch is placed in the ON
position as long as the low tire pressure warn-
ing light remains illuminated.
For additional information, seeVehicle infor-
mation displaylater in this section andTire
Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)in the5.
Starting and drivingStarting and drivingsec-
tion.
TPMS malfunction
:
If the TPMS is not functioning properly, the low
tire pressure warning light will flash for approxi-
mately 1 minute when the ignition switch is
placed in the ON position. The light will remain on
after 1 minute. Have the system checked. It is
recommended that you visit an INFINITI retailer
for this service. The low tire pressure warning
does not appear if the low tire pressure warning
light illuminates to indicate a TPMS malfunction.
For additional information, seeTire Pressure
Monitoring System (TPMS)in the5. Starting
and drivingsection.
WARNING
•Radio waves could adversely affect electric
medical equipment. Those who use a pace-
maker should contact the electric medical
equipment manufacturer for the possible in-
fluences before use.
•If the light does not illuminate with the
ignition switch pushed ON, have the vehicle
checked. It is recommended you visit an
INFINITI retailer for this service.
•If the light illuminates while driving, avoid
sudden steering maneuvers or abrupt brak-
ing, reduce vehicle speed, pull off the road
to a safe location and stop the vehicle as
soon as possible. Driving with under-
inflated tires may permanently damage the
tires and increase the likelihood of tire fail-
ure. Serious vehicle damage could occur
and may lead to an accident and could result
in serious personal injury or death. Check
the tire pressure for all four tires. Adjust the
tire pressure to the recommended COLD tire
pressure shown on the tire placard, located
in the driver’s door opening, to turn the low
tire pressure warning light off. If the light
still illuminates while driving after adjust-
ing the tire pressure, a tire may be flat. If you
have a flat tire, replace it with a replacement
tire as soon as possible.
•If a replacement tire is mounted or a wheel
is replaced without a TPMS sensor tire pres-
sure will not be indicated, the TPMS will not
function and the low tire pressure warning
light will flash for approximately 1 minute.
The light will remain on after 1 minute. Have
your vehicle’s tires replaced and/or TPMS
system reset as soon as possible. It is rec-
ommended you visit an INFINITI retailer for
these services.
•Replacing tires with those not originally
specified by INFINITI could affect the proper
operation of the TPMS.
CAUTION
•The TPMS is not a substitute for the regular
tire pressure check. Be sure to check the tire
pressure regularly.
•If the vehicle is being driven at speeds of
less than 16 MPH (25 km/h), the TPMS may
not operate correctly.
•Be sure to install the specified size of tires
to all four wheels correctly.
2-10Instruments and controls
Page 89 of 531
The seat belt warning light may also illuminate
if there are objects on the front passenger seat.
Remove the objects and stow them in a safe
place.
If the seat belt warning light flashes, together
with an intermittent warning tone, this means
that the driver or passenger has not fastened
their seat belt, and the speed of the vehicle is
exceeding 15 MPH (25 km/h).
Supplemental Restraint
System (SRS) air bag warning
light
WARNING
If the supplemental air bag warning light is on,
it could mean that the front air bag, driver’s
knee air bag, side air bag, curtain air bag
and/or pretensioner systems will not operate
in an accident. To help avoid injury to yourself
or others, have your vehicle checked by an
INFINITI retailer as soon as possible.
When the ignition switch is in the ON position,
the Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) air
bag warning light illuminates to indicate that
the system is operational. The light then tuns
off within a few seconds after the engine is
started.If any of the following conditions occur, the
front air bag, front seat-mounted side-impact
air bag, roof-mounted curtain air bag and pre-
tensioner systems need servicing:
•The supplemental air bag warning light
remains on for longer than a few seconds
once the engine is running.
•The supplemental air bag warning light
flashes intermittently.
•The supplemental air bag warning light does
not come on at all.
It is recommended you visit an INFINITI retailer
for these services. Unless checked and re-
paired, the supplemental restraint system (air
bag system) and/or the pretensioner systems
may not function properly. For additional infor-
mation, refer toSupplemental Restraint Sys-
tem (SRS)in the1. Safety — seats, seat belts
and supplemental restraint systemsection.
Coolant warning light
WARNING
If the coolant warning light is lit, the engine
may not be being cooled sufficiently and may
be damaged.
Never drive with an overheated engine. Driving
when your engine is overheated can causesome fluids which may have leaked into the
engine compartment to catch fire.
In addition, steam from an overheated engine
can cause serious burns, which can occur just
by opening the hood.
There is a risk of injury
If the red coolant warning light lights up while the
engine is running and the coolant temperature
gauge is at the start of the scale, the temperature
sensor for the coolant temperature gauge is
faulty. The coolant temperature is no longer being
monitored. There is a risk of engine damage if the
coolant temperature is too high.
Stop the vehicle immediately, paying attention
to road and traffic conditions, and switch off the
engine. Do not continue driving under any
circumstances.
Consult an INFINITI retailer.
If the red coolant warning light comes on while
the engine is running, with or without an ac-
companying warning tone, it could mean that:
•The coolant level is too low.
•If the coolant level is correct, the airflow to
the engine radiator may be blocked or the
electric engine radiator fan may be malfunc-
tioning.
2-12Instruments and controls
Page 113 of 531
![INFINITI QX30 2017 Owners Manual Message Possible causes/consequences and solutions
[Check Brake Fluid Level]There is insufficient brake fluid in the brake fluid reservoir.
In addition, the redwarning light lights up in the combinati](/img/42/41113/w960_41113-112.png "INFINITI QX30 2017 Owners Manual Message Possible causes/consequences and solutions
[Check Brake Fluid Level]There is insufficient brake fluid in the brake fluid reservoir.
In addition, the redwarning light lights up in the combinati")
Message Possible causes/consequences and solutions
[Check Brake Fluid Level]There is insufficient brake fluid in the brake fluid reservoir.
In addition, the redwarning light lights up in the combination meter and a warning tone sounds.
1. Pull over and stop the vehicle safely as soon as possible, paying attention to road and traffic conditions. Do not continue driving under
any circumstances.
2. Secure the vehicle against rolling away.
3. Check the brake fluid level. If brake fluid is necessary, add fluid and have the system checked. It is recommended you visit an INFINITI
retailer for this service. SeeBrake fluidin the8. Do-it-yourselfsection.
4. If the brake fluid level is correct, have the warning system checked. It is recommended you visit an INFINITI retailer for this service.
WARNING•Your brake system may not be working properly if the warning light is on. Driving could be dangerous. If you judge it to be safe, drive
carefully to the nearest service station for repairs. Otherwise, have your vehicle towed because driving it could be dangerous.
•Pressing the brake pedal with the engine stopped and/or low brake fluid level may increase your stopping distance and braking will
require greater pedal effort as well as pedal travel.
•If the brake fluid level is below the minimum or MIN mark on the brake fluid reservoir, do not drive until the brake system has been
checked. It is recommended you visit an INFINITI retailer for this service.
[Check Brake Pad Wear]The brake pads/linings have reached their wear limit.
It is recommended you visit an INFINITI retailer.
[Emergency Brake Currently
Unavailable See Operator’s
Manual]Forward Emergency Braking is temporarily inoperative.
Possible causes:
•The radar sensor system is temporarily inoperative, e.g. due to electromagnetic radiation emitted by nearby TV or radio stations or
other sources of electromagnetic radiation.
•The system is outside the operating temperature range.•The on-board voltage is too low.
Once the causes listed above no longer apply, the display message goes out.
Forward Emergency Braking is operational again.
If the display message does not disappear:
1. Pull over and stop the vehicle safely as soon as possible, paying attention to road and traffic conditions.
2. Secure the vehicle against rolling away.
3. Restart the engine.
2-36Instruments and controls
Page 114 of 531
![INFINITI QX30 2017 Owners Manual Message Possible causes/consequences and solutions
[Emergency Brake
Inoperative]Forward Emergency Braking is temporarily inoperative due to a malfunction.
Have the system checked. It is recommended yo](/img/42/41113/w960_41113-113.png "INFINITI QX30 2017 Owners Manual Message Possible causes/consequences and solutions
[Emergency Brake
Inoperative]Forward Emergency Braking is temporarily inoperative due to a malfunction.
Have the system checked. It is recommended yo")
Message Possible causes/consequences and solutions
[Emergency Brake
Inoperative]Forward Emergency Braking is temporarily inoperative due to a malfunction.
Have the system checked. It is recommended you visit an INFINITI retailer for this service.
[Radar Sensor (See
Operator’s Manual):]At least one of the following driving systems or driving safety systems is temporarily restricted or inoperative:
•Forward Emergency Braking•Intelligent Cruise Control
Possible causes:
•The sensors in the radiator trim and/or in the bumpers are dirty.•The function of the driving system and/or driving safety system is impaired due to heavy rain or snow.
A warning tone also sounds.
Once the causes listed above no longer apply, the display message goes out. All driving systems/driving safety systems are operative
again.
If the display message does not disappear:
1. Pull over and stop the vehicle safely as soon as possible, paying attention to road and traffic conditions
2. Secure the vehicle against rolling away.
3. Switch off the engine.
4. Clean the sensors in the following locations:
- In the radiator trim
- In the front bumper
- In the rear bumper, particularly in the middle of the rear bumper.
5. Restart the engine. The display message disappears.
[SRS Malfunction Service
Required]The restraint system needs servicing. Thewarning light also lights up in the combination meter.
It is recommended you visit an INFINITI retailer for these services.
Unless checked and repaired, the Supplemental Restraint Systems and/or the pretensioner seat belt may not function properly.
WARNING
If this light is on, it could mean that the front air bag, side air bag, curtain air bag systems and/or pretensioner systems will not operate in
an accident. To help avoid injury to yourself or others, have your vehicle checked as soon as possible. It is recommended you visit an INFINITI
retailer for this service.
For further information about the restraint system, seeSupplemental Restraint System (SRS)in the1. Safety — seats, seat belts and
supplemental restraint systemsection.
Instruments and controls2-37
Page 115 of 531
![INFINITI QX30 2017 Owners Manual Message Possible causes/consequences and solutions
[Front Passenger Airbag
Disabled See Operator’s
Manual]The front-passenger front air bag is disabled during the journey although an adult or person](/img/42/41113/w960_41113-114.png "INFINITI QX30 2017 Owners Manual Message Possible causes/consequences and solutions
[Front Passenger Airbag
Disabled See Operator’s
Manual]The front-passenger front air bag is disabled during the journey although an adult or person")
Message Possible causes/consequences and solutions
[Front Passenger Airbag
Disabled See Operator’s
Manual]The front-passenger front air bag is disabled during the journey although an adult or person of corresponding stature is on the front
passenger seat.
Front passenger seat adult occupants who are properly seated and using the seat belt as outlined in this manual should not cause the
front passenger air bag to be automatically turned OFF. For small adults it may be turned OFF, however if the occupant takes his/her
weight off the seat cushion (for example, by not sitting upright, by sitting on an edge of the seat, or by otherwise being out of position),
this could cause the sensor to turn the air bag OFF. Always be sure to be seated and wearing the seat belt properly for the most effective
protection by the seat belt and supplemental air bag.
If additional forces are applied to the seat, the system may interpret the occupant’s weight as lower than it actually is.
1. Stop the vehicle in a safe area away from traffic as soon as possible, paying attention to road and traffic conditions.
2. Secure the vehicle against rolling away.
3. Switch the ignition off.
4. Have the occupant on the front-passenger seat step out of the vehicle.
5. Make sure that the seat is unoccupied, close the front passenger door and switch on the ignition.
6. Observe the
Seat unoccupied and ignition switched on:
- The
seconds.
- The
front-passenger front air bag deactivation system has disabled the front-passenger front air bag (seeFront passenger air bag and
status lightin the1. Safety — seats, seat belts and supplemental restraint systemsection)
- the [Front Passenger Airbag Enabled See Operator’s Manual] or [Front Passenger Airbag Disabled See Operator’s Manual] display
messages must not be shown in the vehicle information display.
7. Wait for a period of at least 60 seconds until the necessary system checks have been completed.
8. Make sure that the display messages do not appear in the vehicle information display.
If these conditions are met, the front-passenger seat can be occupied again. Whether the
light remains lit or goes out depends on how the automatic front passenger front air bag deactivation system classifies the occupant.
If the conditions are not met, the system is not operating correctly.
Have the system checked immediately. It is recommended you visit an INFINITI retailer for this service.
For further information on the automatic front-passenger front air bag deactivation feature (seeFront passenger air bag and status light
in the1. Safety — seats, seat belts and supplemental restraint systemsection).
2-38Instruments and controls