Engine system - general JAGUAR X308 1998 2.G User Guide

Vehicl
e wanders from side to

side on the road, when the vehicle is driven straight ahead and the steering wheel is held in a firm position
Incorrect ti re
pressure or
tire size.
CHECK and ADJ
UST the tire pressure. For
additional information,
REFER to Section 204
-0 4
Wheels and Tires
. IN
ST
ALL a new tire as necessary. For
additional information,
REFER to Section 204
-0 4
Wheels and Tires
.
Vehi
cl
e is unevenly or
excessively loaded.
A D
JUST the load evenly.
Loose/worn ti
e-
rods.
INST
ALL a ne
w tie-rod
end. For additional
information,
REFER to Section 211
-0 3
Steering Linkage
.
Steeri
ng gear bolts loose
o
r damaged.
TIGHTE
N or INSTALL
new bolts.
Loose or worn suspensi
on
ball jo
int(s).
INST
ALL a ne
w suspension ball joint
assembly. For additional information,
REFER to Section 204
-01 Fron
t Suspension
.
Steeri
ng column uni
versal
joint pinch bolt loose.
TI G
HTEN the steering column universal joint

pinch bolt. For additi onal information,
REFER to Section 211
-0 4
Steering Column
.
Incorre
ct
toe adjustment.

ADJUS
T as necessary. For additional
information,
REFER to Section 204
-00 Sus
pension
Sy
ste
m
- General

Information
.
Loose or worn rear
susp
ension.
TIGHTEN
loose, or IN
STALL new rear
suspension components. For additional information,
REFER to Section 204
-0 2
Rear Suspension
.
Vehicle t
e
nds to pull to one
side when driven on a level surface
Incorrect ti
re pressure.
Incorrect
ti
re size or
different tire/tread type.
Uneven tire wear
CHECK and ADJ
UST the tire pressure. For
additional information,
REFER to Section 204
-0 4
Wheels and Tires
. IN
ST
ALL a new tire as necessary. For
additional information,
REFER to Section 204
-04
Wheels and Tires
.
Vehicl

e is unevenly loaded
or overloaded.
Adjust the load
.
Incorre
ct
toe adjustment.

ADJUS
T as necessary. For additional
information,
REFER to Section 204
-00 Sus
pension
Sy
ste
m
- General

Information
.
Dam
a
ged front suspension

components.
I N
STALL new front suspension components
as necessary. For addi tional information,
REFER to Section 204
-01 Fron
t Suspension
.
Damaged rear
suspen
sion
components.
INST ALL ne
w rear suspension components
as necessary. For addi tional information,
REFER to Section 204
-0 2
Rear Suspension
.
Steeri
ng gear val
ve effort
out of balance.
SHIF T the
transmission into NEUTRAL while
driving at no more than 30 miles/hour (50 km/h) and turn the ignition to position I
(engine OFF-coasting). If the vehicle does
not pull with the engine off, INSTALL a new steering gear. For additional information,
REF E
R to Section 211
-0
2
Power Steering
. If t
he
vehicle does drift with the engine off,
CROSS SWITCH front wheel assemblies.
If the
vehicle pulls to
the opposite side,
SWITCH wheels that were on the rear to the
same side on the front.
If the v
ehicle pull dire
ction is not changed,
CHECK the front susp ension components
and toe adjustments. For additional information,
REFER to Section 204
-01 Fron
t Suspension
.
Chec
k
the front and rear
brakes for correct operation.
ADJUS
T as necessary. For additional
information,
REFER to Section 206
-0 0
Brake System
-
General Informati on.
Check fo
r bent rear
INST
ALL ne
w rear suspension components

Hiss (Swish)
Hiss or Val
ve Hiss is a high-frequency so
und coming from the steering gear when the system is loaded. It is a rushing or
"swish" noise that doesn't change frequency with RPM. Hiss is the general noise generated by the flow of hydraulic fluid
through restrictions in the steer ing system. Restrictions include the rotary stee ring valve, power steering tubes, connectors,
tuning orifices, etc. Hiss can be air- borne and structure-borne, but the structure-borne path through the steering
intermediate shaft is usually dominant.
Moan (Groan)
Moan is the general structu r
e-borne noise of the steering system. Moan is primarily transmitted to the driver via the body
structure through the pump mount, engine mounts, power steering lines and power steering brackets. On some vehicles,
moan is a load humming noise, often present when the wheel is turned and the system is loaded. It may change frequency
with engine RPM and if the sy stem is loaded or unloaded.
Rack Knock (R
ack Slap)
CAU
T
ION: DO NOT attempt to adjust the stee
ring gear yoke. Failure to follow this instruction will result in the steering
gear warranty to become invalid.
Rack Knock is a rattle sound an d steering wheel vibration caused by separation of the steering gear and pinion while driving
over bumps. It is a structure-borne noise transmitted throug h the intermediate shaft and column. Rack knock can also be
heard as a "thump" or impact noise that occurs with the vehicle stationary when the steering wheel is released from a
loaded position and allowed to return to rest . Noise occurs with the engine on or off.
Rattles
Ra
ttles are noises caused by knocking or hitting with components in the steering system. Steering rattles can occur in the
engine compartment, the suspension, or the passenger compartment . Rattles can be caused by loose parts, movable and
flexible parts, and improper clearances.
Squea k
s/Scrapes
Squeaks/Scrapes are noises due
to fri
ction or component rubbi
ng anywhere in the steering system. Squeaks/Scrapes have
appeared in steering linkages and jo ints, in column components and in co lumn and steering wheel trim parts.
Weep
We
ep is an air-borne noise, occasionally
generated when turning the steering across lock at a constant rate. When present
on a vehicle the noise, once initiated can often be maintained across a large proportion of the available steering movement.
Whistle
Wh
istle is similar to hiss but is louder and of a higher frequency. It is also more
of a pure tone noise than hiss. Whistle is
air-borne and is generated by a high flow rate of hydraulic fluid through a small restriction.
Zip

Zip n
o
ise is the air-borne noise
generated by power steerin g pump cavitation when power steering fluid does not flow freely
through the suction hose from the rese rvoir to the pump. Zip primarily occurs during cold weather at start-up.
Steering System Vibrations and Harshne
ss
Buzz
Buzz is a tactile rotary vi

bration felt in
the steering wheel for slow steering inputs. Buzz can also be called a grinding feel
and it is closely related to grunt and is caused by high system gain with low damping. Buzz is generally excited during
parking manoeuvres with low to medium speed steering input.

Buzz (E
lectrical)
A
different steering buzz can be caused by
pulse width modulated (PWM) electric actuators used in variable assist steering
systems. This buzz is felt by turning the ignition key to run without starting the engine and holding onto the steering wheel.
In extreme cases, the buzz can be felt with the engine running also.
Column/Steering Wheel
Shake
Column shake is a low f
requenc
y vertical vibration excited by primary engine vibrations.
Nibble (Shimm
y)
Steeri
ng nibble is a rotary oscillation or
vibration of the steering wheel, which can be excited at a specific vehicle speed.
Nibble is driven by wheel and tire imbalance exciting a suspensi on recession mode, which then translates into steering gear
travel and finally steering wheel nibble.
Shudder (Judd
er)
Shudder i
s a low frequency oscillation of th
e entire steering system (tire, wheels, st eering gear and linkage, etc.) when the
vehicle is steered during static-park or at low sp eeds. Shudder is very dependent on road surface.
Torque Ri
pple
Torque rippl
e is a concern with Electric Power Steering (EPS) sy
stems. Torque ripple is most evident at static-park steering
the wheel very slowly from lock to lock. Torque ripple is primarily caused by motor commutation.
Torque/Veloc
ity Variation
(Phasing/Effort Cycling)
Steeri
ng wheel torque variation oc
curring twice in one revolution is normally as a result of problems with the lower steering
column (intermediate shaft), but foul cond itions generally result in either constant stiffnes s or single point stiffness.
Depending upon the orientation of the joints, the steering can fe el asymmetric (torque falling off in one direction and rising
in the other) or else it can simply have pronounced peaks and troughs as the steering moves from lock to lock.
Wheel Fight
(Kick Back)
W
heel fight is excess feedback of sudden road forces through th
e steering system and back to the driver. It is evaluated at
all vehicle speeds over cobblestones, rough roads, and potholes . The tires, wheels, and suspension generate forces into the
steering systems. Steering friction, hydraulic damping, hydr aulic compliance, mechanical compliance, steering ratio, and
assist gain all affect how much is transmitted to the driver.
Stee
ring Linkage
CAUTI
ON: Steering gear boots must be
handled carefully to avoid damage. Use new clamps when installing steering
gear boots.
Inspect the boots for cuts, deterioration, tw isting or distortion. Check the steering gear boots to make sure they are tight.
Install new boots or clamps as necessary.
• NOTE: The following steps must be carried out with assistance.
1. 1. With the wheels in the straight ahead po sition, gently turn the steering wheel to the left and the right to check for
free play.
2. 2. Free play should be between 0 and 6 mm (0 and 0.24 in) at the steering wheel rim. If the free play exceeds this
limit, either the ball joints are worn, the lower steering column joints are worn or the backlash of the steering gear
is excessive.

Stee
ring System - General Informatio
n - Power Steering System Filling
and Bleeding
Gen
eral Procedures
Fluid Level Indica

tor



1.
F
ill the reservoir to the bo
ttom of the filler neck.
W
ait for any air to escape and top up again.
W

ithout the engine running, tu
rn from lock to lock two or
three times, topping up to the maximum level on the dip
reservoir stick.
St
art the engine and
immediately top up as air is vented.
W
ith the engine idling, turn
lock to lock two or three
times, topping up to the ma ximum level on the reservoir
dip stick.
W
hen no further change of
fluid level occurs, run the
engine for twenty minutes to vent any remaining air.
If po
ssible, allow the vehicle
to stand for thirty minutes
before restarting the engine to vent any further air.
2. Note that air in the fluid can temporarily result in PAS pump
noise, but this will not cause damage. The time allowances
mentioned in the above procedures are to reduce the possibility
of a customer collecting a vehicle while still subject to
excessive pump noise.

Engine System - General Inform
ation -
Eng
ine
Engine Torque
Engine Power
Lubricants, Fluids, Sealants and Adhesives
Capacities


Descr
iption
Mode
l
Capaci
ty
90
°'Ve
e' 8 Cylinder 32 Valves
AJ263.
2 L
iters
90
°'Ve
e' 8 Cylinder 32 Valves
AJ264 Li
te
rs
EngineNm (D
I
N)/Rpm
M
a
ximum Delivered - 3.2L
3
08 at
4500
M
a
ximum Delivered - 4.0L
3
93 at
4250
M
a
ximum Delivered - 4.0L SC
5
26 at
3500
EngineBH
P (D
IN)/Rpm
M
a
ximum Delivered - 3.2L
2
40 at
6250
M
a
ximum Delivered - 4.0L
2
90 at
6100
M
a
ximum Delivered - 4.0L SC
3
65 at
6000
UnitS
p
ecification
Engine Oil
-
USA/Canada
API SH or SJ
/ ILSAC G
F-2
Engine
Oil
- Mexico
API SJ
Engine
Oil
- UK and ROW
API SH or SJ
/ ACEA A2
Engine Oil -
Supercharged
API SH or SJ
/ ACEA A3
Anti-Freez
e
ESD-M97B
49
-A
Sealant-Engine B
l
ock-to-Bedplate an
d Sump-to-Bedplate (RTV Silicone)
Loct
ite 5699 Ultra Grey
Sealant-Engine
C
ore Plugs and Bloc
k Stub Pipe (Anaerobic Sealant)
Loctite 648
UnitLit
ers
Engine
Oil-W
ith Oil Cooler
7,
3
Engine Oil-W i
thout Oil Cooler
6,
5
Cool ant
-Complete System
10
Coo
lan
t-Engine Only
3,
7
Val v
e Clearances (Cold)
S
p
ecification
Inlet0.
20
mm
Exhaus
t0.25
-0.30 mm

Engine System - General Infor
mation - Engine
Description an
d Operation

The AJ26 power unit is available in 3.2 L and 4.0 L versions, and comprises:
An eight cylinder 9
0 degree 'V' config
uration liquid cooled aluminium cylinder block incorporating 'Nikasil' plated
cylinder bores.
Pi
stons of open-ended skirt design, with
two compression and one oil control ring.
Two al
uminium cylinder heads, each
incorporating two camshafts.
F
our valves per cylinder.
Al

uminium valve lifters and top mounted shims.
Vari

able valve timing (VVT) of the inlet camshafts (4.0 L normally aspirated only).
Camshaft

covers manufactured from Vinylester.
Al

uminium timing cover which accommodat
es the crankshaft front oil seal.
Sin
gle row primary and secondary chains dr
ive the camshafts of each cylinder bank.
An alu
minium bed pl
ate, incorporating iron main bearing supports, which accomm odate the oil pump pick-up,

I
dentify the VCT oil supply gallery and the 8 mm blind rivet.
U

sing a suitable 3 mm punch release the centre of the blind rivet until
it is released from the outer part of the blind rivet.
U
sing a suitable extraction tool, remo
ve the remaining part of the blind
rivet.
2. Clean the component mating faces.

3.
Check cylinder head face for distortio
n, across the center and from corner
to corner.
4. For cylinder head face distortion data, refer to specifications.For additional
information, refer to: Specifications
(303
-00 Engine System - General
Information, Specifications).

5.

NOTE: For
cylinder head with
distortion above the
maximum allowance,
the cylinder head
material must be
measured.
Measure the
cylinder head
material.
Che
ck
measurement
from the
centre of the
exhaust
dowel to the
cylinder head
face as
shown.
If the

measurement
is less than
51.88 mm
the cylinder
head requires
replacement.

6.
Install a new gasket to the downpipe catalyst flange.
7. Install and align a new cylinder head gasket to the cylinder block face.

23.
Install the supercharger driv e belt tensioner. Refer to
Operation 18.50.24.

24. Install the supercharger idle r pulley mounting bracket.
1. Position the mounting bracket to the timing cover.
2. Install the three bolts which secure the mounting bracket. Tighten to 8-10 Nm.
25. Install the supercharger drive belt idler pulley. Refer to
Operation 18.50.09. (34-46 Nm).
26. Install the supercharger driv e belt. Refer to Operation
18.50.08.
27. Install the coolant outlet pipe. Refer to Operation 26.31.08.
28. Install the twin fan and motor assembly. Refer to Operation
26.25.12.
29. Refill the cooling system. Refer to Operation 26.10.01 in
General Procedures section of the cooling system.
30. NOTE: When the engine is star ted from cold and run for a
short period only, before being swit ched off, a quantity of oil will
be 'hung up' within the engine because it is not up to operating
temperature.
Should the oil level subsequently be topped-up, the level could
become too high, causing oil burning.
Typically, 0.875 L is hung up.
Refill the engine with the correct specification engine oil.
31. Connect the battery and in stall the battery cover.
Refer to the Battery Reconnection Procedure 86.15.15.
32. Check the oil level and start th e engine. Check for leaks and
that the engine runs correctly.
33. Install the engine compartmen t cover. Refer to Operation
76.16.01.
34. Remove the paintwork protection sheets and close the engine
compartment cover.

be 'hun
g up' within the engine because it is not up to operating
temperature.
Should the oil level subsequently be topped-up, the level could
become too high, causing oil burning.
Typically, 0.875L is hung up.
Refill the engine with the correct specification engine oil.
58. Refill the automatic transmission. Refer to Section 307-01A,
Operation 44.24. 02.
59. Refill and bleed the power stee ring system. Refer to Section
211-02 General Procedures.
60. Repressurise the air conditioni ng system. Refer to Operation
82.30.30 and note all Wa rnings and Cautions.

61
.
Fit the engine covers.

62
.
With assistance, reposition the engine compartment cover
(bonnet) and fit the si x bolts; reconnect the ground lead to the
original location on the left hand hinge.
Re
connect the gas struts.
R

emove the masking tape from the front edge.
63. Remove the paintwork protection sheets and close the engine
compartment cover.
64. Reconnect the battery ground cable and fit the battery cover.
Re
set the clock and the radio information.

Engine Cooling - Coolant Outlet Pipe

Re
moval and Installation
Remov

al
Installation

1.
O
pen the engine compartment and fit paintwork protection
sheets.
2. Drain the radiator. Refer to Ge neral Procedures. Retain the
coolant drain tray in position to catch any spillage when
removing the outlet pipe.

3. Di
sconnect the hoses and multi-plug from the coolant outlet
pipe.
1. Release and reposition th e hose clip, and disconnect
the top hose.
2. Release and reposition th e hose clip, and disconnect
the heater hose.
3. Disconnect the multi-plug from the temperature sensor and unscrew the sens or from the outlet pipe.
4. Release and reposition the hose clip along the bypass
hose.

4. R
emove the coolant outlet pipe.
1. Remove the four bolts which secure the outlet pipe.
2. Remove the outlet pipe from the bypass hose and
from the cylinder heads.
5. Remove and discard the sealing rings from the outlet pipe
grooves.
1. Installation is the reverse of the remova l procedure. Use new
sealing rings on the coolant outlet pipe.
2. Tighten the coolant outlet pipe bolts to 10-14 Nm If replacing
the coolant temperature sensor, tighten to 15-19 Nm.
3. Refill the cooling system as de scribed in General Procedures.