roof JAGUAR XFR 2010 1.G Workshop Manual
[x] Cancel search | Manufacturer: JAGUAR, Model Year: 2010, Model line: XFR, Model: JAGUAR XFR 2010 1.GPages: 3039, PDF Size: 58.49 MB
Page 28 of 3039
Instrument Panel Console
Instrument Panel Lower Trim Panel
Overhead Console501-14: Handles, Locks, Latches and Entry SystemsSpecificationDescription and OperationComponent Location
Overview
System Operation and Component DescriptionDiagnosis and TestingLocks, Latches and Entry SystemsRemoval and InstallationDoor Lock Cylinder Cover
Exterior Front Door Handle
Exterior Luggage Compartment Lid Release Switch
Exterior Rear Door Handle
Front Door Latch
Front Door Lock Cylinder
Interior Front Door Handle
Luggage Compartment Lid Latch Actuator
Luggage Compartment Lid Lock Cylinder
Rear Door Latch501-16: Wipers and WashersSpecificationDescription and OperationComponent Location
Overview
System Operation and Component DescriptionDiagnosis and TestingWipers and WashersRemoval and InstallationHeadlamp Washer Jet
Headlamp Washer Pump
Rain Sensor
Windshield Washer Reservoir
Windshield Wiper Motor
Windshield Wiper Pivot Arm
Windshield Washer Pump501-17: Roof Opening PanelSpecificationDescription and OperationComponent Location
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Overview
System Operation and Component DescriptionDiagnosis and TestingRoof Opening PanelGeneral ProceduresRoof Opening Panel Alignment
Motor Synchronization (76.82.48)Removal and InstallationRoof Opening Panel Front Drain Hose
Roof Opening Panel Frame
Roof Opening Panel Glass
Roof Opening Panel Motor
Roof Opening Panel Rear Drain Hose
Roof Opening Panel Weatherstrip501-19: BumpersSpecificationRemoval and InstallationFront Bumper (76.22.08)
Front Bumper Cover
Front Bumper Cover Insert
Rear Bumper Cover
Rear Bumper501-20A: Safety Belt SystemSpecificationDescription and OperationComponent Location
Overview
System Operation and Component DescriptionDiagnosis and TestingSafety Belt SystemRemoval and InstallationFront Safety Belt Buckle
Front Safety Belt Retractor
Rear Center Safety Belt Retractor
Rear Safety Belt Buckle
Rear Safety Belt Retractor
Safety Belt Shoulder Height Adjuster501-20B: Supplemental Restraint SystemSpecificationDescription and OperationComponent Location
Overview
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Removal and InstallationFender Apron Closing Panel Front Section
Fender Apron Panel
Fender Apron Panel Closing Panel
Fender Apron Panel Front Extension
Fender Apron Panel Front Section
Front Bumper Mounting
Front Fender
Front Fender Support Bracket
Front Side Member
Front Side Member and Suspension Top Mount Assembly
Front Side Member Closing Panel
Front Side Member Closing Panel Section
Front Side Member Section
Front Wheelhouse Section
Hood Latch Panel
Hood Latch Panel Mounting Bracket501-28: Roof Sheet Metal Repairs
Description and OperationRoofRemoval and InstallationRoof Panel - Vehicles With: Sliding Roof Opening Panel
Roof Panel - Vehicles Without: Sliding Roof Opening Panel501-29: Side Panel Sheet Metal Repairs
Description and OperationSide Panel Sheet MetalRemoval and InstallationA-Pillar Outer Panel
A-Pillar Reinforcement
B-Pillar Inner Panel
B-Pillar Reinforcement
Front Door Skin Panel
Rear Door Skin Panel
Rocker Panel
Rocker Panel and B-Pillar Outer Panel
Rocker Panel Front Section
Rocker Panel Inner Reinforcement
Rocker Panel Rear Section501-30: Rear End Sheet Metal Repairs
Description and OperationRear End Sheet Metal
Page 51 of 3039
Always reduce the engine speed to idle before disconnecting the jump leads.
Before removing the jump leads, switch on the heater blower (high) or the heated rear screen, to reduce the voltage peak
when the leads are removed.
Always disconnect the jump leads in the reverse order to the connecting sequence and take great care not to short the ends of
the leads.
Do not rely on the generator to restore a discharged battery. For a generator to recharge a battery, it would take in excess of 8
hours continuous driving with no additional loads placed on the battery.
Component Cleaning
To prevent ingress of dirt, accumulations of loose dirt and greasy deposits should be removed before disconnecting or
dismantling components or assemblies.
Components should be thoroughly cleaned before inspection prior to reassembly.
Cleaning Methods:
Dry Cleaning
Removal of loose dirt with soft or wire brushes
Scraping dirt off with a piece of metal or wood
Wiping off with a rag
CAUTION: Compressed air is sometimes wet so use with caution, especially on hydraulic systems.
Blowing dirt off with compressed air (Eye protection should be worn when using this method)
Removal of dry dust using vacuum equipment. This method should always be used to remove friction lining material
dust (asbestos particles)
Steam Cleaning
Calibration of Essential Measuring Equipment
WARNING: Failure to comply may result in personal injury or damage to components.
It is of fundamental importance that certain essential equipment e.g. torque wrenches, multimeters, exhaust gas analysers,
rolling roads etc., are regularly calibrated in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.
Use of Control Modules
Control modules may only be used on the vehicle to which they were originally installed. Do not attempt to use or test a
control module on any other vehicle.
Functional Test
On completion of a maintenance procedure, a thorough test should be carried out, to ensure the relevant vehicle systems are
working correctly.
Preparation
Before disassembly, clean the surrounding area as thoroughly as possible. When components have been removed, blank off
any exposed openings using grease-proof paper and masking tape. Immediately seal fuel, oil and hydraulic lines when
separated, using plastic caps or plugs, to prevent loss of fluid and the entry of dirt. Close the open ends of oil ways, exposed
by component removal, with tapered hardwood plugs or readily visible plastic plugs. Immediately a component is removed,
place it in a suitable container; use a separate container for each component and its associated parts. Before dismantling a
component, clean it thoroughly with a recommended cleaning agent; check that the agent will not damage any of the materials
within the component. Clean the bench and obtain marking materials, labels, containers and locking wire before dismantling a
component.
Dismantling
Observe scrupulous cleanliness when dismantling components, particularly when parts of the brake, fuel or hydraulic systems
are being worked on. A particle of dirt or a fragment of cloth could cause a dangerous malfunction if trapped in these systems.
Clean all tapped holes, crevices, oil ways and fluid passages with compressed air.
WARNING: Do not permit compressed air to enter an open wound. Always use eye protection when using compressed air.
Make sure that any O-rings used for sealing are correctly reinstalled or renewed if disturbed. Mark mating parts to make sure
that they are replaced as dismantled. Whenever possible use marking materials which avoid the possibilities of causing
distortion or the initiation of cracks, which could occur if a center punch or scriber were used. Wire together mating parts where
necessary to prevent accidental interchange (e.g roller bearing components). Tie labels on to all parts to be renewed and to
parts requiring further inspection before being passed for reassembly. Place labelled parts and other parts for rebuild in
separate containers. Do not discard a part which is due for renewal until it has been compared with the new part, to make sure
Page 66 of 3039
4. Components or assemblies displaying this symbol give warning that the component contains a corrosive substance. See
Acids and Alkalis in this subsection.
5. Vehicles displaying the caution circle with a deleted lighted match symbol, caution against the use of naked lights or
flames within the immediate vicinity due to the presence of highly flammable or explosive liquids or vapors. See Fire in
this subsection.
6. All vehicles with the passenger air bag installed from the factory have a warning sticker attached to the instrument
panel, prohibiting the use of rear facing child seats in the front seating position. Failure to follow this instruction may
result in personal injury.
White Spirit
See Solvents.
Safety Precautions
WARNINGS:
Working on the fuel system results in fuel and fuel vapor being present in the atmosphere. Fuel vapor is extremely
flammable, hence great care must be taken whilst working on the fuel system. Adhere strictly to the following precautions:
Do not smoke in the work area
Display 'no smoking' signs around the area
Disconnect the battery before working on the fuel system
Do not connect/disconnect electrical circuits, use electrical equipment or other tools or engage in working practices
which in any way may result in the production of sparks
Ensure that a CO² fire extinguisher is close at hand
Ensure that dry sand is available to soak up any fuel spillage
Empty fuel using suitable fire proof equipment into an authorized explosion proof container
Page 135 of 3039
DTC Description Possible Causes Action error following
re-programming
Noise/EMC related error network for interference/EMC related issues B1009-63 Ignition Authorisation
- Circuit/component
protection time-out
CJB fault
Low speed CAN fault
Instrument cluster fault
Low battery voltage <9V
Check Power and Ground supplies to CJB and
instrument cluster. Check CAN communications
between CJB and instrument cluster. Check
battery is in fully charged and serviceable
condition, refer to the battery care manual B1009-64 Ignition Authorisation
- Signal plausibility
failure
CJB fault
Low speed CAN fault
Instrument cluster fault
Check power and ground supplies to CJB and
instrument cluster. Check CAN communications
between CJB and instrument cluster B102B-67
Passive Key - Signal
incorrect after event
CJB fault
Low speed CAN fault
Remote Keyless Entry (RKE)
module fault
Write target SID
synchronisation error
following re-programming
Check power and ground supplies to CJB and RKE
module. Check CAN communications between CJB
and RKE module. Re-synchronise ID by
re-configuring the RKE module as a new module B102B-87
Passive Key - Missing
message
CJB fault
Low speed CAN fault
RKE module fault
Key fob battery low/battery
contact issue
Interference from other RF
signal
EMC/noise
Receiver fault
Receiver not programmed
correctly
Serial communications fault
(between receiver and RKE
module)
Key fault
Passive antenna fault
Confirm placement of key
within vehicle
Check power and ground supplies to CJB, RKE
module and receiver. Check CAN communications
between CJB and instrument cluster. Check key
fob battery. Confirm vehicle surroundings, move
vehicle. Check CAN network for interference/EMC
related issues. Disconnect battery, then
re-connect - confirm operation by re-programming
keys. Check serial circuit between receiver and
RKE module. Confirm spare key works. Refer to
the electrical circuit diagrams and test circuits to
all 3 antennas. Check whereabouts of key B1084-13
Boot/Trunk Motor
Close Switch - Circuit
open
Trunk latch open signal
circuit - open circuit
Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams and check
trunk latch open signal circuit for open circuit B1087-83
LIN Bus "A" - Value of
signal protection
calculation incorrect
Checksum of the received
LIN frame from battery
backed sounder, roof header
console, and/or rain/light
sensor is incorrect
Check operation of rain/light sensor by covering
sensor or applying water to screen, install a new
sensor as required B1087-88 LIN Bus "A" - Bus off
Bus off. Battery backed
sounder, roof header
console, and/or rain/light
sensor LIN circuit - short to
ground, power
Carry out any pinpoint tests associated with this
DTC using the manufacturer approved diagnostic
system. Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams
and check battery backed sounder, roof header
console, and rain/light sensor LIN circuit for short
to ground, power B108A-11
Start Button - Circuit
short to ground
Start/Stop switch analogue
input circuits 1 or 2 - short
to ground
Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams and check
Start/Stop switch analogue input circuits 1 and 2
for short to ground B108A-12
Start Button - Circuit
short to battery
Start/Stop switch analogue
input circuits 1 or 2 - short
to power
Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams and check
Start/Stop switch analogue input circuits 1 and 2
for short to power B1095-12
Wiper On/Off Relay -
Circuit short to battery
Wiper On/Off relay control
circuit - short to power
Carry out any pinpoint tests associated with this
DTC using the manufacturer approved diagnostic
system. Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams
and check wiper On/Off relay control circuit for www.JagDocs.com
Page 136 of 3039
DTC Description Possible Causes Action short to power B1095-14
Wiper On/Off Relay -
Circuit short to ground
or open
Wiper On/Off relay control
circuit - short to ground,
open circuit
Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams and check
wiper On/Off relay control circuit for short to
ground, open circuit B1096-12 Wiper High/Low Relay
- Circuit short to
battery
Wiper Fast/Slow relay
control circuit - short to
power
Carry out any pinpoint tests associated with this
DTC using the manufacturer approved diagnostic
system. Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams
and check wiper Fast/Slow relay control circuit for
short to power B1096-14 Wiper High/Low Relay
- Circuit short to
ground or open
Wiper Fast/Slow relay
control circuit - short to
ground, open circuit
Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams and check
wiper Fast/Slow relay control circuit for short to
ground, open circuit B1097-12
Heated Windshield
Relay - Circuit short to
battery
Heated windshield relay
control circuit - short to
power
Carry out any pinpoint tests associated with this
DTC using the manufacturer approved diagnostic
system. Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams
and check heated windshield relay control circuit
for short to power B1097-14
Heated Windshield
Relay - Circuit short to
ground or open
Heated windshield relay
control circuit - short to
ground, open circuit
Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams and check
heated windshield relay control circuit for short to
ground, open circuit B10A6-12
Main Light Switch -
Circuit short to battery
Master light switch signal
from roof header console
circuit - short to power
Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams and check
master light switch signal from roof header
console circuit for short to power B10A6-23
Main Light Switch -
Signal stuck low
Master light switch signal
from roof header console
signal stuck low. Switch is
read as ON for too long a
time
Carry out any pinpoint tests associated with this
DTC using the manufacturer approved diagnostic
system. Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams
and check master light switch signal from roof
header console for short to ground B10AD-09
Rain Sensor -
Component failures
Component failures
Carry out any pinpoint tests associated with this
DTC using the manufacturer approved diagnostic
system. Suspect the rain/light sensor, check and
install a new sensor as required B10AD-11
Rain Sensor - Circuit
short to ground
Rain/light sensor power
circuit - short to ground
Carry out any pinpoint tests associated with this
DTC using the manufacturer approved diagnostic
system. Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams
and check rain/light sensor power circuit for short
to ground B10AD-96
Rain Sensor -
Component internal
failure
Component internal failure
Suspect the rain/light sensor, check and install a
new sensor as required B10E5-11
PCM Wake-up Signal -
Circuit short to ground
ECM wake-up signal circuit -
short to ground
Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams and check
ECM wake-up signal circuit for short to ground B10E5-12
PCM Wake-up Signal -
Circuit short to battery
ECM wake-up signal circuit -
short to power
Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams and check
ECM wake-up signal circuit for short to power B10E5-13
PCM Wake-up Signal -
Circuit open
ECM wake-up signal circuit -
open circuit
Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams and check
ECM wake-up signal circuit for open circuit B10F1-11
Key In Switch - Circuit
short to ground
Keyless vehicle module, key
IN status circuit - short to
ground
Carry out any pinpoint tests associated with this
DTC using the manufacturer approved diagnostic
system. Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams
and check keyless vehicle module, key IN status
circuit for short to ground
Page 137 of 3039
DTC Description Possible Causes Action B10F1-12
Key In Switch - Circuit
short to battery
Keyless vehicle module, key
IN status circuit - short to
power
Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams and check
keyless vehicle module, key IN status circuit for
short to power B10F1-13
Key In Switch - Circuit
open
Keyless vehicle module, key
IN status circuit - open
circuit
Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams and check
keyless vehicle module, key IN status circuit for
open circuit B10F2-11
Sunroof Control -
Circuit short to ground
Sunroof enable signal circuit
- short to ground
Carry out any pinpoint tests associated with this
DTC using the manufacturer approved diagnostic
system. Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams
and check sunroof enable signal circuit for short
to ground B10F2-12
Sunroof Control -
Circuit short to battery
Sunroof enable signal circuit
- short to power
Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams and check
sunroof enable signal circuit for short to power B10F2-13
Sunroof Control -
Circuit open
Sunroof enable signal circuit
- open circuit
Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams and check
sunroof enable signal circuit for open circuit B10F3-11
Left Front Position
Light - Circuit short to
ground
Left front side lamps circuit -
short to ground
Carry out any pinpoint tests associated with this
DTC using the manufacturer approved diagnostic
system. Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams
and check left front side lamps circuit for short to
ground B10F3-15
Left Front Position
Light - Circuit short to
battery or open
Left front side lamps circuit -
short to power, open circuit
Carry out any pinpoint tests associated with this
DTC using the manufacturer approved diagnostic
system. Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams
and check left front side lamps circuit for short to
power, open circuit B10F4-11
Right Front Position
Light - Circuit short to
ground
Right front side lamps circuit
- short to ground
Carry out any pinpoint tests associated with this
DTC using the manufacturer approved diagnostic
system. Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams
and check right front side lamps circuit for short
to ground B10F4-15
Right Front Position
Light - Circuit short to
battery or open
Right front side lamps circuit
- short to power, open circuit
Carry out any pinpoint tests associated with this
DTC using the manufacturer approved diagnostic
system. Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams
and check right front side lamps circuit for short
to power, open circuit B10F8-12
Accessory socket 'A'
relay - Circuit short to
battery
Accessory socket 'A' relay
control circuit - short to
power
Carry out any pinpoint tests associated with this
DTC using the manufacturer approved diagnostic
system. Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams
and check accessory socket 'A' relay control circuit
for short to power B10F8-14
Accessory socket 'A'
relay - Circuit short to
ground or open
Accessory socket 'A' relay
control circuit - short to
ground, open circuit
Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams and check
accessory socket 'A' relay control circuit for short
to ground, open circuit B10F9-12
Accessory socket 'B'
relay - Circuit short to
battery
Front powerpoint, trailer tow
connector, road pricing
connector, sunblind power
supply circuits - short to
power
Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams and check
front powerpoint, trailer tow connector, road
pricing connector, sunblind power supply circuits
for short to power B10F9-14
Accessory socket 'B'
relay - Circuit short to
ground or open
Front powerpoint, trailer tow
connector, road pricing
connector, sunblind power
supply circuits - short to
ground, open circuit
Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams and check
front powerpoint, trailer tow connector, road
pricing connector, sunblind power supply circuits
for short to ground, open circuit
Page 138 of 3039
DTC Description Possible Causes Action B10F9-93
Accessory socket 'B'
relay - No operation
Front powerpoint, trailer tow
connector, road pricing
connector, sunblind power
supply circuits - short to
power, ground, open circuit
Carry out any pinpoint tests associated with this
DTC using the manufacturer approved diagnostic
system. Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams
and check front powerpoint, trailer tow connector,
road pricing connector, sunblind power supply
circuits for short to power, ground, open circuit B10FA-93
Delayed Power Off
relay - No operation
ADRC ECM, roof header
console lamp, glove box
lamp , RH/LH footwell
lamps, JAG Sense glove box
module, RH/LH sunvisor
lamps, rear dome lamps
switched power circuits -
short to power, open circuit
Carry out any pinpoint tests associated with this
DTC using the manufacturer approved diagnostic
system. Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams
and check ADRC ECM, roof header console lamp,
glove box lamp , RH/LH footwell lamps, JAG
Sense glove box module, RH/LH sunvisor lamps,
rear dome lamps switched power circuits for short
to power, open circuit B10FF-11
Ignition control -
Circuit short to ground
ECM and FPDB ignition
control circuit - short to
ground
Carry out any pinpoint tests associated with this
DTC using the manufacturer approved diagnostic
system. Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams
and check ECM and FPDB ignition control circuit
for short to ground B10FF-13
Ignition control -
Circuit open
ECM and FPDB ignition
control circuit - open circuit
Carry out any pinpoint tests associated with this
DTC using the manufacturer approved diagnostic
system. Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams
and check ECM and FPDB ignition control circuit
for open circuit B1100-11 O2 sensor heater relay
- Circuit short to
ground
FPDB O2 sensor heater relay
control circuit - short to
ground
Carry out any pinpoint tests associated with this
DTC using the manufacturer approved diagnostic
system. Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams
and check FPDB O2 sensor heater relay control
circuit for short to ground B113D-12
Sunroof Global
Open/Close Control -
Circuit short to battery
Roof opening panel global
open/close control circuit -
short to power
Carry out any pinpoint tests associated with this
DTC using the manufacturer approved diagnostic
system. Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams
and check roof opening panel global open/close
control circuit for short to power B113D-14
Sunroof Global
Open/Close Control -
Circuit short to ground
or open
Roof opening panel global
open/close control circuit -
short to ground, open circuit
Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams and check
roof opening panel global open/close control
circuit for short to ground, open circuit B1140-11
Engine Crank
Authorisation - Circuit
short to ground
Engine crank authorisation
signal circuit - short to
ground
Carry out any pinpoint tests associated with this
DTC using the manufacturer approved diagnostic
system. Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams
and check engine crank authorisation signal circuit
for short to ground B1142-11
Ignition Status 1 -
Circuit short to ground
Ignition supply 1 circuits -
short to ground
Carry out any pinpoint tests associated with this
DTC using the manufacturer approved diagnostic
system. Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams
and check all ignition supply 1 circuits for short to
ground B1143-11
Ignition Status 2 -
Circuit short to ground
Ignition supply 2 circuits -
short to ground
Carry out any pinpoint tests associated with this
DTC using the manufacturer approved diagnostic
system. Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams
and check all ignition supply 2 circuits for short to
ground B1144-11
Heated Steering
Wheel Supply - Circuit
short to ground
Heated steering wheel
supply circuit - short to
ground
Carry out any pinpoint tests associated with this
DTC using the manufacturer approved diagnostic
system. Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams
and check heated steering wheel supply circuit for
short to ground
Page 299 of 3039
Published: 16-Sep-2013
Noise, Vibration and Harshness - Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)
Diagnosis and Testing
Principle of Operation
For a detailed description of Noise, Vibration and Harshness issues, refer to the Description and Operation section of the
workshop manual.
REFER to: Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH) (100-04 Noise, Vibration and Harshness, Description and Operation).
Inspection and Verification
1. Verify the customer's concerns by operating the vehicle to duplicate the condition.
2. Visually inspect the vehicle to determine any obvious cause(s) of the concern(s).
3. If the inspection reveals obvious causes that can be readily identified, repair as necessary.
4. If the concern(s) remains after the inspection, determine the symptom(s) and refer to the Symptom Chart.
How To Use This Diagnostic Procedure Section
Noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) concerns have become more important as vehicles have become more sensitive to
these vibrations. This section is designed as an aid to identifying these situations
The section provides diagnostic procedures based on symptoms. If the condition occurs at high speed, for instance, the
most likely place to start is under High Speed Shake
The road test procedure will tell how to sort the conditions into categories and how to tell a vibration from a shake
A series of Road Test Quick Checks is provided to make sure that a cause is either pinpointed or eliminated
Name the condition, proceed to the appropriate section and locate the correct diagnosis. When the condition is
identified, the job is partly done
Follow the diagnostic procedure as outlined
Quick Checks are described within the step, while more involved tests and adjustments are outlined in General
Procedures
Always follow each step exactly and make notes to recall important findings later
Customer Interview
The road test and customer interview (if available) provide information that will help identify the concerns and will provide
direction to the correct starting point for diagnosis.
Identify the Condition
NVH problems usually occur in a number of areas:
tires
engine accessories
suspension
driveline
air leakage (wind noise)
squeaks and rattles
heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC)
electrical (e.g. motor noise)
transmission
engine
It is important, therefore, that an NVH concern be isolated into its specific area(s) as soon as possible. The easiest and
quickest way to do this is to carry out the Road Test as outlined.
Noise Diagnostic Procedure
Non-Axle Noise
The five most important sources of non-axle noise are exhaust, tires, roof racks, trim and mouldings, and transmission.
Therefore, make sure that none of the following conditions are the cause of the noise before proceeding with a driveline tear
down and diagnosis.
Under certain conditions, the pitch of the exhaust may sound very much like gear noise. At other times, it can be
mistaken for a wheel bearing rumble
Tires, especially snow tires, can have a high pitched tread whine or roar, similar to gear noise. Radial tires, to some
degree, have this characteristic. Also, any non-standard tire with an unusual tread construction may emit a roar or
whine type noise
Trim and mouldings can also cause whistling or a whining noise
Clunk may be a metallic noise heard when the automatic transmission is engaged in reverse or drive, or it may occur
when the throttle is applied or released. It is caused by backlash somewhere in the driveline
Bearing rumble sounds like marbles being tumbled. This condition is usually caused by a damaged wheel bearing