tire pressure JAGUAR XFR 2010 1.G Workshop Manual

Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) IndexDTC: Occupant Classification System (OCS)
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) IndexDTC: Parking Aid Module (PAM)
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) IndexDTC: Pedestrian Protection System Control Module (PPSCM)
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) IndexDTC: Rear Differential Control Module (RDCM)
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) IndexDTC: Rear Junction Box (RJB)
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) IndexDTC: Remote Keyless Entry Module (RFA)
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) IndexDTC: Restraints Control Module (RCM)
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) IndexDTC: Satellite Digital Audio Radio System Module (SARM)
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) IndexDTC: Speed Control Module (CCM)
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) IndexDTC: Steering Column Lock Module (VIM)
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) IndexDTC: Television Module (TVM)
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) IndexDTC: Tire Pressure Monitoring System Module (TPM)
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) IndexDTC: Touch Screen Display (FCDIM)
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) IndexVehicles With: 6HP28 6-Speed Automatic Transmission, DTC:
Transmission Control Module (TCM)
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) IndexDTC: Transmission Shift Module (GSM)
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) IndexDTC: Portable Audio Interface Control Module (PAICM)
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) IndexDTC: Hybrid Digital Radio Control Module (HDRCM)
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) IndexDTC: Infotainment Control Module (ICM)
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) IndexDTC: Telephone Module (TEL)100-01: Identification Codes
Description and OperationIdentification Codes100-02: Jacking and Lifting
Description and OperationJacking
Lifting100-04: Noise, Vibration and Harshness
Description and OperationNoise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)Diagnosis and TestingNoise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)General ProceduresExhaust System Neutralizing2: Chassis
204: Suspension
204-00: Suspension System - General InformationSpecificationDiagnosis and TestingSuspension SystemGeneral ProceduresCamber and Caster Adjustment

Disassembly and AssemblyShock Absorber and Spring Assembly204-04: Wheels and TiresSpecificationDescription and OperationComponent Location
Overview
System Operation and Component DescriptionDiagnosis and TestingWheels and TiresRemoval and InstallationTire Low Pressure Sensor
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Front Antenna
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Rear Antenna
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Module
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Receiver
Wheel and Tire204-05: Vehicle Dynamic Suspension
Description and OperationComponent Location - V8 5.0L Petrol/V8 S/C 5.0L Petrol
Overview - V8 5.0L Petrol/V8 S/C 5.0L Petrol
System Operation and Component Description - V8 5.0L Petrol/V8 S/C 5.0L PetrolDiagnosis and TestingVehicle Dynamic SuspensionRemoval and InstallationAdaptive Damping Module
Front Suspension Vertical Accelerometer
Rear Suspension Vertical Accelerometer204-06: Ride and Handling Optimization
Description and OperationComponent Location
Overview
System Operation and Component Description205: Driveline
205-00: Driveline System - General Information
Diagnosis and TestingDriveline SystemGeneral ProceduresDriveline Angle Inspection205-01: DriveshaftSpecification

General Information - Road/Roller Testing
Description and Operation Published: 11-May-2011

Road or roller testing may be carried out for various reasons and a procedure detailing pre-test checks, through engine starting
and stopping, pre-driving checks, on-test checks to final checks on completion of the test is given in this section.

Unless complete vehicle performance is being checked, the full road test procedure need not be carried out. Instead, those
items particularly relevant to the system/s being checked can be extracted.

Pre - Test Checks


WARNING: If the brake system hydraulic fluid level is low, pedal travel is excessive or a hydraulic leak is found, do not
attempt to road test the vehicle until the reason for the low fluid level, excessive pedal travel or hydraulic leak is found and
rectified.

It is suggested that pre-test checks, and functional tests of those systems/circuits which affect the safe and legal operations
of the vehicle, such as brakes, lights and steering, should always be carried out before the road or roller test.

Engine oil level
Engine coolant level
Tires, for correct pressure, compatible types and tread patterns, and wear within limits
There is sufficient fuel in the tank to complete the test
All around the engine, transmission and under the vehicle for oil, coolant, hydraulic and fuel leaks. Make a note of any
apparent leaks and wipe off the surrounding areas to make it easier to identify the extent of the leak on completion of
the test
Starting the Engine


CAUTION: On initial drive away from cold and within the first 1.5 km (1 mile), do not depress accelerator pedal beyond
half travel until the vehicle has attained a minimum speed of 25 km/h (15 miles/h). Never operate at high engine speed or
with the accelerator pedal at full travel whilst the engine is cold.
With the ignition switched off, check:
The parking brake is applied
The transmission selector lever is in Park
All instrument gauges (except fuel gauge) read zero

With the ignition switched on, check:

Ignition controlled warning lamps come on
Engine coolant temperature gauge registers a reading compatible with the engine coolant temperature
Fuel gauge registers a reading appropriate to the fuel level in the tank
The operation of the parking brake and brake fluid level warning lamps

On Road or Roller Test Check:


CAUTION: If road testing, check the brake operation while still travelling at low speed before continuing with the test. If
the brakes pull to one side, or appear to be otherwise faulty, do not continue with the road test until the fault has been found
and rectified.
Initial gear engagement is smooth
Parking brake control operates smoothly and the parking brake releases quickly and completely
Transmission takes up the drive smoothly, without judder
The engine power output is satisfactory, full power is achieved, acceleration is smooth and pedal operation not stiff or
heavy, and engine speed returns to idle correctly
There is no excessive or abnormally colored smoke from the engine under normal driving, heavy load or overrun
conditions
Steering operation, including power steering, is smooth, accurate, not excessively heavy or with excessive free play or
vibration. Does not pull to one side and self centres smoothly after cornering
Speedometer, oil pressure warning lamp, coolant temperature gauge and tachometer register the correct readings or
operate correctly
Switches and controls operate smoothly and positively, warning lamps operate correctly and the direction indicator
control self cancels when the steering is returned to the straight ahead position
Heating and ventilation systems work correctly and effectively
Brake operation and efficiency

Brake Testing


WARNING: When brake testing, avoid breathing the smoke or fumes from hot brakes, this may contain asbestos dust
which is hazardous to health, see Health and Safety Precautions.

Published: 17-Apr-2014
General Information - Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index DTC: Tire
Pressure Monitoring System Module (TPM)
Description and Operation

Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPM)


CAUTION: Diagnosis by substitution from a donor vehicle is NOT acceptable. Substitution of control modules does not
guarantee confirmation of a fault and may also cause additional faults in the vehicle being checked and/or the donor vehicle.
NOTES:


If the control module or a component is suspect and the vehicle remains under manufacturer warranty, refer to the
Warranty Policy and Procedures manual, or determine if any prior approval programme is in operation, prior to the installation
of a new module/component.


Generic scan tools may not read the codes listed, or may read only 5-digit codes. Match the 5 digits from the scan tool to
the first 5 digits of the 7-digit code listed to identify the fault (the last 2 digits give extra information read by the
manufacturer approved diagnostic system).


When performing voltage or resistance tests, always use a digital multimeter (DMM) accurate to three decimal places,
and with an up-to-date calibration certificate. When testing resistance, always take the resistance of the DMM leads into
account.


Check and rectify basic faults before beginning diagnostic routines involving pinpoint tests.


If DTCs are recorded and, after performing the pinpoint tests a fault is not present, an intermittent concern may be the
cause. Always check for loose connections and corroded terminals.


Where an 'on demand self-test' is referred to, this can be accessed via the 'DTC Monitor' tab on the manufacturers
approved diagnostic system.


Check DDW for open campaigns. Refer to the corresponding bulletins and SSMs which may be valid for the specific
customer complaint and carry out the recommendations as required.

The table below lists all Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) that could be logged in the Tire Pressure Monitoring System, for
additional Diagnosis and Testing information refer to the relevant Diagnosis and Testing Section.
For additional information, refer to: Wheels and Tires (204-04 Wheels and Tires, Diagnosis and Testing).

DTC Description Possible Causes Action C1A56-31
Left Front Tire Pressure
Sensor and Transmitter
Assembly - No signal
Missing, incompatible or
defective tire pressure
sensor or radio frequency
receiver
For additional information, refer to: Wheels and
Tires (204-04 Wheels and Tires, Diagnosis and
Testing).Go to pinpoint test F in section 204-04,
Diagnosis and Testing, Wheels and Tires C1A56-68
Left Front Tire Pressure
Sensor and Transmitter
Assembly - Event
information
Information only - vehicle
exposed to extreme
temperature environment
and/or tire pressure
sensor low battery
voltage event
No action required C1A56-91
Left Front Tire Pressure
Sensor and Transmitter
Assembly - Parametric
Tire pressure sensor has
reported out of range
information for pressure,
temperature or
acceleration
Replace defective tire pressure sensor. Refer to
the relevant section of the workshop manual C1A56-93
Left Front Tire Pressure
Sensor and Transmitter
Assembly - No operation
No tire pressure sensor
can be localized at this
position due to an
initiator or tire pressure
For additional information, refer to: Wheels and
Tires (204-04 Wheels and Tires, Diagnosis and
Testing).Go to pinpoint test G in section 204-04,
Diagnosis and Testing, Wheels and Tires www.JagDocs.com

DTC Description Possible Causes Action sensor malfunction
C1A57-11
Left Front Initiator -
Circuit short to ground
Left front initiator circuit
is short to ground
For additional information, refer to: Wheels and
Tires (204-04 Wheels and Tires, Diagnosis and
Testing).Go to pinpoint test B1 in section 204-04,
Diagnosis and Testing, Wheels and Tires C1A57-12
Left Front Initiator -
Circuit short to battery
Left front initiator circuit
is short to power
For additional information, refer to: Wheels and
Tires (204-04 Wheels and Tires, Diagnosis and
Testing).Go to pinpoint test B2 in section 204-04,
Diagnosis and Testing, Wheels and Tires C1A57-13
Left Front Initiator -
Circuit open
Left front initiator circuit
open
For additional information, refer to: Wheels and
Tires (204-04 Wheels and Tires, Diagnosis and
Testing).Go to pinpoint test B9 in section 204-04,
Diagnosis and Testing, Wheels and Tires C1A58-31
Right Front Tire Pressure
Sensor and Transmitter
Assembly - No signal
Missing, incompatible or
defective tire pressure
sensor or radio frequency
receiver
For additional information, refer to: Wheels and
Tires (204-04 Wheels and Tires, Diagnosis and
Testing).Go to pinpoint test F in section 204-04,
Diagnosis and Testing, Wheels and Tires C1A58-68
Right Front Tire Pressure
Sensor and Transmitter
Assembly - Event
information
Information only - vehicle
exposed to extreme
temperature environment
and/or tire pressure
sensor low battery
voltage event
No action required C1A58-91
Right Front Tire Pressure
Sensor and Transmitter
Assembly - Parametric
Tire pressure sensor has
reported out of range
information for pressure,
temperature or
acceleration
Replace defective tire pressure sensor. refer to
the relevant section of the workshop manual C1A58-93
Right Front Tire Pressure
Sensor and Transmitter
Assembly - No operation
No tire pressure sensor
can be localized at this
position due to an
initiator or tire pressure
sensor malfunction
For additional information, refer to: Wheels and
Tires (204-04 Wheels and Tires, Diagnosis and
Testing).Go to pinpoint test G in section 204-04,
Diagnosis and Testing, Wheels and Tires C1A59-11
Right Front Initiator -
Circuit short to ground
Right front initiator circuit
is short to ground
For additional information, refer to: Wheels and
Tires (204-04 Wheels and Tires, Diagnosis and
Testing).Go to pinpoint test C1 in section 204-04,
Diagnosis and Testing, Wheels and Tires C1A59-12
Right Front Initiator -
Circuit short to battery
Right front initiator circuit
is short to power
For additional information, refer to: Wheels and
Tires (204-04 Wheels and Tires, Diagnosis and
Testing).Go to pinpoint test C2 in section 204-04,
Diagnosis and Testing, Wheels and Tires C1A59-13
Right Front Initiator -
Circuit open
Right front initiator circuit
open
For additional information, refer to: Wheels and
Tires (204-04 Wheels and Tires, Diagnosis and
Testing).Go to pinpoint test C9 in section 204-04,
Diagnosis and Testing, Wheels and Tires C1A60-31
Left Rear Tire Pressure
Sensor and Transmitter
Assembly - No signal
Missing, incompatible or
defective tire pressure
sensor or radio frequency
receiver
For additional information, refer to: Wheels and
Tires (204-04 Wheels and Tires, Diagnosis and
Testing).Go to pinpoint test F in section 204-04,
Diagnosis and Testing, Wheels and Tires C1A60-68
Left Rear Tire Pressure
Sensor and Transmitter
Assembly - Event
information
Information only - Vehicle
exposed to extreme
temperature environment
and/or tire pressure
sensor low battery
voltage event
No action required

DTC Description Possible Causes Action C1A60-91
Left Rear Tire Pressure
Sensor and Transmitter
Assembly - Parametric
Tire pressure sensor has
reported out of range
information for pressure,
temperature or
acceleration
Replace defective tire pressure sensor, refer to
the relevant section of the workshop manual C1A60-93
Left Rear Tire Pressure
Sensor and Transmitter
Assembly - No operation
No tire pressure sensor
can be localized at this
position due to an
initiator or tire pressure
sensor malfunction
For additional information, refer to: Wheels and
Tires (204-04 Wheels and Tires, Diagnosis and
Testing).Go to pinpoint test G in section 204-04,
Diagnosis and Testing, Wheels and Tires C1A61-11
Left Rear Initiator -
Circuit short to ground
Left rear initiator circuit
short to ground
For additional information, refer to: Wheels and
Tires (204-04 Wheels and Tires, Diagnosis and
Testing).Go to pinpoint test D1 in section 204-04,
Diagnosis and Testing, Wheels and Tires C1A61-12
Left Rear Initiator -
Circuit short to battery
Left rear initiator circuit
short to power
For additional information, refer to: Wheels and
Tires (204-04 Wheels and Tires, Diagnosis and
Testing).Go to pinpoint test D2 in section
204-04,Diagnosis and Testing, Wheels and Tires C1A61-13
Left Rear Initiator -
Circuit open
Left rear initiator circuit
open
For additional information, refer to: Wheels and
Tires (204-04 Wheels and Tires, Diagnosis and
Testing).Go to pinpoint test D9 in section 204-04,
Diagnosis and Testing, Wheels and Tires C1A62-31
Right Rear Tire Pressure
Sensor and Transmitter
Assembly - No signal
Missing, incompatible or
defective tire pressure
sensor or radio frequency
receiver
For additional information, refer to: Wheels and
Tires (204-04 Wheels and Tires, Diagnosis and
Testing).Go to pinpoint test F in section 204-04,
Diagnosis and Testing, Wheels and Tires C1A62-68
Right Rear Tire Pressure
Sensor and Transmitter
Assembly - Event
information
Information only - vehicle
exposed to extreme
temperature environment
and/or tire pressure
sensor low battery
voltage event
No action required C1A62-91
Right Rear Tire Pressure
Sensor and Transmitter
Assembly - Parametric
Tire pressure sensor has
reported out of range
information for pressure,
temperature or
acceleration
Replace defective tire pressure sensor, refer to
the relevant section of the workshop manual C1A62-93
Right Rear Tire Pressure
Sensor and Transmitter
Assembly - No operation
No tire pressure sensor
can be localized at this
position due to an
initiator or tire pressure
sensor malfunction
For additional information, refer to: Wheels and
Tires (204-04 Wheels and Tires, Diagnosis and
Testing).Go to pinpoint test G in section 204-04,
Diagnosis and Testing, Wheels and Tires C1A63-11
Right Rear Initiator -
Circuit short to ground
Right rear initiator circuit
short to ground
For additional information, refer to: Wheels and
Tires (204-04 Wheels and Tires, Diagnosis and
Testing).Go to pinpoint test E1 in section 204-04,
Diagnosis and Testing, Wheels and Tires C1A63-12
Right Rear Initiator -
Circuit short to battery
Right rear initiator circuit
short to power
For additional information, refer to: Wheels and
Tires (204-04 Wheels and Tires, Diagnosis and
Testing). Go to pinpoint test E2 in section 204-04,
Diagnosis and Testing, Wheels and Tires C1A63-13
Right Rear Initiator -
Circuit open
Right rear initiator circuit
open
For additional information, refer to: Wheels and
Tires (204-04 Wheels and Tires, Diagnosis and
Testing).Go to pinpoint test E9 in section 204-04,
Diagnosis and Testing, Wheels and Tires

DTC Description Possible Causes Action C1A64-68
Spare Wheel Tire
Pressure Sensor and Transmitter Assembly -
Event information
Information only - vehicle
exposed to extreme
temperature environment
and/or tire pressure
sensor low battery
voltage event
No action required C1A64-91
Spare Wheel Tire
Pressure Sensor and Transmitter Assembly -
Parametric
Tire pressure sensor has
reported out of range
information for pressure,
temperature or
acceleration
Replace defective tire pressure sensor, refer to
the relevant section of the workshop manual C1A64-93
Spare Wheel Tire
Pressure Sensor and Transmitter Assembly -
No operation
Missing, incompatible or
defective tire pressure
sensor or radio frequency
receiver
For additional information, refer to: Wheels and
Tires (204-04 Wheels and Tires, Diagnosis and
Testing).Go to pinpoint test H in section 204-04,
Diagnosis and Testing, Wheels and Tires C1D19-11
External Receiver Data
Line - Circuit short to
ground
Tire pressure monitoring
system radio frequency
receiver or data line
circuit is short to ground
For additional information, refer to: Wheels and
Tires (204-04 Wheels and Tires, Diagnosis and
Testing).Go to pinpoint test A in section
204-04,Diagnosis and Testing, Wheels and Tires C1D19-12
External Receiver Data
Line - Circuit short to
battery
Tire pressure monitoring
system radio frequency
receiver or data line
circuit is short to power
For additional information, refer to: Wheels and
Tires (204-04 Wheels and Tires, Diagnosis and
Testing).Go to pinpoint test I in section 204-04,
diagnosis and testing C1D19-87
External Receiver Data
Line - Missing message
Radio Frequency
reception blocked
Tire pressure monitoring
system radio frequency
receiver faulty
Tire pressure monitoring
system radio frequency
receiver or data line
circuits open circuit
Missing, incompatible or
defective tire pressure
sensors
For additional information, refer to: Wheels and
Tires (204-04 Wheels and Tires, Diagnosis and
Testing).Go to pinpoint test J in section 204-04,
Diagnosis and Testing, Wheels and Tires U0010-88
Medium Speed CAN
Communication Bus - Bus
off
CAN bus fault
Carry out CAN network integrity tests. Refer to
the electrical wiring diagrams and check CAN
network for short, open circuit U0140-00
Lost communication with
body control module - No
sub type information
CAN bus fault
Central junction box fault
Refer to the electrical wiring diagrams and check
central junction box power and ground supplies
for short, open circuit. Carry out CAN network
integrity tests U0142-00
Lost Communication With
Body Control Module "B" -
No sub type information
CAN bus fault
Rear junction box fault
Refer to the electrical wiring diagrams and check
rear junction box power and ground supplies for
short, open circuit. Carry out CAN network
integrity tests U0155-00
Lost Communications
With Instrument Panel
Cluster (IPC) Control
Module - No sub type
information
CAN bus fault
Instrument cluster fault
Refer to the electrical wiring diagrams and check
instrument cluster power and ground supplies for
short, open circuit. Carry out CAN network
integrity tests U0164-00
Lost Communication With
HVAC Control Module - No
sub type information
CAN bus fault
Climate control module
fault
Refer to the electrical wiring diagrams and check
climate control module power and ground supplies
for short, open circuit. Carry out CAN network
integrity tests

DTC Description Possible Causes Action U0300-00
Internal Control Module
Software Incompatibility -
No sub type information
Incompatible tire
pressure monitoring
system module for
vehicle CAN network
Check correct tire pressure monitoring system
module is installed to vehicle specification,
otherwise suspect the rear junction box U0415-00
Invalid Data Received
From Anti-Lock Brake
System (ABS) Control
Module - No sub type
information
Invalid data received
from the anti-lock braking
system control module
CAN bus fault
Anti-lock braking system
fault
Check anti-lock braking system control module
and Instrument Cluster for related DTCs and refer
to the relevant DTC index. Carry out CAN network
integrity tests U0424-00
Invalid Data Received
From HVAC Control
Module - No sub type
information
HVAC control module
fault
Check climate control module for related DTCs
and refer to relevant DTC index U1A14-49 CAN Initialisation Failure
- Internal electronic
failure
Tire pressure monitoring
system module fault
Install a new tire pressure monitoring module.
Refer to the new module/component installation
note at the top of the DTC index U3000-55
Control Module - Not
configured
Tire pressure monitoring
system configuration data
is invalid
Check and amend the car configuration file U3000-87
Control Module - Missing
message
Tire pressure monitoring
system configuration data
not received
Check the rear junction box for related DTCs and
refer to the relevant DTC index. Carry out CAN
network integrity test U3002-81
Vehicle Identification
Number - Invalid serial
data received
Tire pressure monitoring
system module and
vehicle VIN mismatch
NOTE: This DTC indicates that the tire pressure
monitoring system module is not the original part
installed to the vehicle at the factory/dealer and could
have been substituted. Refer to the note above the DTC
index about replacing components which may remain
under manufacturer warranty.

Re-install the original or a new tire pressure
monitoring system control module

Published: 11-May-2011
Noise, Vibration and Harshness - Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)
Description and Operation

Noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) is becoming more important as vehicles become more sophisticated and passenger
comfort levels increase. This section is designed to aid in the diagnosis, testing and repair of NVH concerns.

Noise is defined as sounds not associated with the operation of passenger compartment equipment that interface with
customer satisfaction.
Vibration is defined as impulses felt by the customer that are not caused by road surface changes.
Harshness is a ride quality issue where the customer feels that the vehicle response to the road surface is sharply
transmitted to the customer.

Diagnostic Theory

Diagnosis is more than just following a series of interrelated steps in order to find the solution to the specific condition. It is a
way of looking at systems that are not functioning the way they should and finding out why. Also it is knowing how the system
should work and whether it is working correctly.

There are basic rules for diagnosis. If these rules are followed, the cause of the condition is usually found the first time
through the system.

Know the System

Know how the parts go together.
Know how the system operates as well as its limits and what happens when the system goes wrong.
Sometimes this means checking the system against one that is known to be working correctly.

Know the History of the System
A clue in any one of these areas may save time:
How old or new is the system?
What kind of treatment has it had?
Has it been repaired in the past in such a manner that might relate to the present condition?
What is the repair history?

Know the History of the Condition

Did it start suddenly or appear gradually?
Was it related to some other occurrence such as a collision or previous part renewal?
Know how the condition made itself known; it may be an important clue to the cause.

Know the Probability of Certain Conditions Developing

Look for the simple rather than the complex.
For example:
- Electrical conditions usually occur at connections rather than components.
- An engine no-start is more likely to be caused by a loose wire or small adjustment rather than a sheared-off
camshaft.
Know the difference between impossible and improbable. Certain failures in a system can be improbable but still
happen.
New parts are just that, new. It does not mean they are always good functioning parts.

Do Not Cure the Symptom and Leave the Cause

Lowering the pressure in a front tire may correct the condition of a vehicle leaning to one side, but it does not correct the
original condition.

Be Positive the Cause is Found

Double check the findings.
What caused a worn component?
A loose transmission or engine mount could indicate that other mounts are also loose.

Diagnostic Charts

Charts are a simple way of expressing the relationship between basic logic and a physical system of components. They help
discover the cause of a condition in the least time. Diagnostic charts combine many areas of diagnosis into one visual display:
probability of certain things occurring in a system
speed of checking certain components or functions before others
simplicity of carrying out certain tests before others
elimination of checking huge portions of a system by carrying out simple tests
certainty of narrowing down the search to a small portion before carrying out in-depth testing
The fastest way to find a condition is to work with the tools that are available. This means working with proven diagnostic
charts and the correct special equipment for the system.

it may turn out to be the most important.

2. Do not touch anything until a road test and a thorough visual inspection of the vehicle have been carried out. Leave the
tire pressures and vehicle load just where they were when the condition was first observed. Adjusting tire pressures,
vehicle load or making other adjustments may reduce the conditions intensity to a point where it cannot be identified
clearly. It may also inject something new into the system, preventing correct diagnosis.

3. Make a visual inspection as part of the preliminary diagnosis routine, writing down anything that does not look right.
Note tire pressures, but do not adjust them yet. Note leaking fluids, loose nuts and bolts, or bright spots where
components may be rubbing against each other. Check the luggage compartment for unusual loads.
4. Road test the vehicle and define the condition by reproducing it several times during the road test.

5. Carry out the Road Test Quick Checks as soon as the condition is reproduced. This will identify the correct diagnostic
procedure. Carry out the Road Test Quick Checks more than once to verify they are providing a valid result. Remember,
the Road Test Quick Checks may not tell where the concern is, but they will tell where it is not.

Road Test Quick Checks

1. 24-80 km/h (15-50 miles/h): With light acceleration, a moaning noise is heard and possibly a vibration is felt in the
front floor pan. It is usually worse at a particular engine speed and at a particular throttle setting during acceleration at
that speed. It may also produce a moaning sound, depending on what component is causing it. Refer to Tip-In Moan in
the Symptom Chart.

2. Acceleration/deceleration: With slow acceleration and deceleration, a shake is sometimes noticed in the steering
wheel/column, seats, front floor pan, front door trim panel or front end sheet metal. It is a low frequency vibration
(around 9-15 cycles per second). It may or may not be increased by applying brakes lightly. Refer to Idle Boom/Shake
/Vibration in the Symptom Chart.

3. High speed: A vibration is felt in the front floor pan or seats with no visible shake, but with an accompanying sound or
rumble, buzz, hum, drone or booming noise. Coast with the clutch pedal depressed or shift control selector lever in
neutral and engine idling. If vibration is still evident, it may be related to wheels, tires, front brake discs, wheel hubs
or front wheel bearings. Refer to High Speed Shake in the Symptom Chart.

4. Engine rpm sensitive: A vibration is felt whenever the engine reaches a particular rpm. It will disappear in neutral
coasts. The vibration can be duplicated by operating the engine at the problem rpm while the vehicle is stationary. It
can be caused by any component, from the accessory drive belt to the torque converter which turns at engine speed
when the vehicle is stopped. Refer to High Speed Shake in the Symptom Chart.

5. Noise/vibration while turning: Clicking, popping, or grinding noises may be due to a worn, damaged, or incorrectly
installed front wheel bearing, rear drive half shaft or CV joint.

6. Noise/vibration that is road speed relative: This noise/vibration can be diagnosed independent of engine speed or gear
selected (engine speed varies but torque and road speed remain constant). The cause may be a rear drive
axle/differential whine.
Road Conditions

An experienced technician will always establish a route that will be used for all NVH diagnosis road tests. The road selected
should be reasonably smooth, level and free of undulations (unless a particular condition needs to be identified). A smooth
asphalt road that allows driving over a range of speeds is best. Gravel or bumpy roads are unsuitable because of the additional
road noise produced. Once the route is established and consistently used, the road noise variable is eliminated from the test
results.


NOTE: Some concerns may be apparent only on smooth asphalt roads.

If a customer complains of a noise or vibration on a particular road and only on a particular road, the source of the concern
may be the road surface. If possible, try to test the vehicle on the same type of road.

Vehicle Preparation

Carry out a thorough visual inspection of the vehicle before carrying out the road test. Note anything which is unusual. Do not
repair or adjust any condition until the road test is carried out, unless the vehicle is inoperative or the condition could pose a
hazard to the technician.
After verifying the condition has been corrected, make sure all components removed have been installed.

Lift Test

After a road test, it is sometimes useful to do a similar test on a lift.

When carrying out the high-speed shake diagnosis or engine accessory vibration diagnosis on a lift, observe the following
precautions:


WARNING: If only one drive wheel is allowed to rotate, speed must be limited to 55 km/h (35 miles/h) indicated on the
speedometer since actual wheel speed will be twice that indicated on the speedometer. Speed exceeding 55 km/h (35 miles/h)
or allowing the drive wheel to hang unsupported could result in tire disintegration, differential failure, constant velocity joint