steering wheel JAGUAR XJ6 1994 2.G Workshop Manual

Introduction i
Term(s) Abbreviation Definition
(if applicable)
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Previously used term(s) (or Eng-
lish Equivalent)
indicates camshaft position
device designed to hold dry material, e.g.
evaporative emission canister
controls purging of the EVAP canister
colorless gas with a density of approximately
1.5 times that of air
poisonous gas produced as the result of
incomplete combustion
camshaft
I
CID
sensor,
Hall sensor
Camshaft
Position
Camshaft Position Sensor CMPS
canister
Canister Purge CANP
Carbon Dioxide
CO2
I Case Ground I CSEGND
Carbon
Monoxide
camber
CO
Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety
Standard
caster
Catalytic Converter
Celsius
center
I
CMVSS
C
centimeters
I cm
trail built in to the geometry of a steered
roadwheel to give
it a caster - self-steering -
effect
caster,castor
color
columnlmirror control module I C/M CM
charge current
Closed Loop
Closed Loop System
Clutch
clutch disc, clutch disk
clutch
throwout bearing
connecting rod bearing
CL
CLS
a shaft on which phased cams are mounted.
Usually used to regulate opening and closing
of engine cylinder head valves
current developed by the generator
control system with one or more feedback
loops
device which uses mechanical, magnetic or
friction type connections to facilitate
engaging or disengaging
two shafts or
rotating members charging
current
Control
module casing ground
inclination of the plane of a wheel to the
vertical plane
ofthe vehicle. May be negative
or positive.
Also convex curvature across road surface
bearing (usually split, plain) at the lower end
of the connecting rod where
it connects with
the crankshaft big
end bearing
in
-line exhaust
system device used to reduce
the level of engine exhaust emissions
SI term forthe Centigradescale, with freezing Doint at zero and boilina Doint at looo
I centre
I centimetres
friction disc of a clutch assembly clutch
plate,
centre plate,
diaphragm spring to release the clutch disc
I colour
Issue 1 August 1994 X300 VSM 9

gg Jacking, lifting & Vehicle Recovery
2.2.4 Transporting
If thevehicle is being transported on a trailer or flatbed transporter (Fig. I), the handbrake must be applied, the wheels
chocked and if fitted with an automatic transmission, the gear selector lever moved to neutral, 'N' (see Gear-shift
Interlock).
e
JOS-031
Fig. 1
CAUTION: Do not select 'P' because the parking lock mechanism may be damaged by the continuous slight forward
and backward movement of the vehicle on the transporter.
There are four tie-down brackets on the vehicle underbody. Do not attach the tie down hooks of the transporter to the
towing eyes of the vehicle.
2.2.5 Towing Recovery
Adhereto local regulationsforthetowing ofvehicles. In certain countriesthe registration number ofthetowing vehicle
and an 'ON TOW sign or warning triangle must be displayed in a prominent position at the rear of the vehicle which
is being towed.
WARNING: WHEN THE ENGINE
IS NOT RUNNING, THE STEERING AND BRAKES WILL NO LONGER BE
ACCUMULATOR. THEREFORE, BE PREPARED FOR
HEAVY STEERING AND THE NEED FOR GREATLY
INCREASED BRAKE PEDAL PRESSURE.
POWER-ASSISTED.
APPLICATIONS
OF THE BRAKE PEDAL WILL GRADUALLY DEPRESSURIZE THE
*The vehicle may be towed by another for a SHORT DISTANCE ONLY (maximum
0,8km / O.Smile), with the gear lever
in neutral (N) provided that a speed of 48 km / h (30 mile / h) is not exceeded.
2.2.6
The vehicle must be towed with the rear wheels clear of the ground, see suspended towing.
Vehicles with Defective Automatic Transmission:
Issue 1 August 1994 4 X300 VSM

Jacking, lifting & Vehicle Recovery gg
2.2.7 Suspended Towing
CAUTION: Do not tow with sling-type equipment as damage to the bodywork may result. Do not front suspend tow vehides with automatic transmission.
2.2.8 Rear Suspended Tow
Remove the ignition key from the ignition /steering lock.
. Raise the vehicle using a lifting device with a cradle. This should be positioned under each rear wheel as indicated
in Fig. 1.
0
0
0
J08-026
Fig. 1
Issue 1 August 1994 5 X300 VSM

TORQUE TIGHTENING SPECIFICATIONS
Fixing Tightening Torque
(Nm)
Air bag to steering wheel
Blanking plug for rack centralizing pin 4-5
7
- 10
Fluid pipe to pump banjo bolt
Fluid
pipe to cooler sleeve nut X 2 34
- 46
17
- 23
Fluid pressure pipe pump to rack mid connector
Heatshield to rack
(12 cvlinder)
17 - 23
22
- 28
Horn bar (at steering wheel)
Hose from
fluid reservoir (worm drive)
Hose
to pump (worm drive)
Hose to fluid reservoir from cooler (worm drive)
Lower column to steerina rack pinion
5-7
2,5
- 3,5
Retighten to nominal
after 30 minutes
Retighten to nominal
after
30 minutes
Retighten to nominal
after
30 minutes
2,5 - 3,5
2,5
- 3,5
22
- 28
Pressure switch to feed pipe 12 cylinder only 8,5 - 11,5
Road wheel -Alloy 88- 102
Road wheel - Steel 68-82
Steering column outer tube to bodv 17 - 23
Steering column universal joint to lower column
Steering column upper bracket to column outer tube
Steering column upper bracket to plenum stiffener 17 - 23
16
-20
17
-23 ~~
I Steering
column upper COWIS I ~ 2.5-3.5
Steering
rack to crossmember 12 cylinder
Steering rack to crossmember
6 cvlinder
39 - 51
43
- 57
Steering wheel to column 34 - 46
Tie strap plenum 16-20
Track rod end taper ball pin to steering arm
Track rod end lock nut 59-71
51
-69
17
- 23 Tube nut -fluid pipe at steering rack 2 off
X300 VSM iii Issue 1 August 1994

10.1 STEERING SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
10.1.1 Steering Column Major Components
Integrated column assembly incorporating power, or manual, reach /tilt mechanism and lock.
Ignition switch.
Ignition interlock solenoid.
Key transponder coil.
Body attachment points.
Depending upon model, the steering column may be adjusted for
tilt and reach, either by electrical or manual means.
Power variants may be either automatically or manually adjusted and all types have the entry / exit feature.
10.1.2 Steering Column Operating Principle
Power Adjust: Two independent motor / gearbox assemblies provide infinite adjustment for reach and height within
approximate ranges of 35mm and
13O respectively. Adjustments may be automatically made in conjunction with the
seat memory facility or manually when the adjustment switch is used. It should be noted that selection of 'Off will
disable the automatic entry / exit mode.
Manual Adjust: The cable operated reach adjustment is infinite within a range of 35mm, with the desired position being
fixed
by a rack and wedge. Tilt variations are stepped at approximately 3O intervals with 6 positions being available,
the uppermost being unlatched.
From the uppermost position the column may be pulled down to engage the first detent without using the
tilt lever.
WARNING: MANUAL ADJUST ONLY: TO AVOID PERSONAL INJURY, COLUMN UPWARD TRAVEL SHOULD BE MAN- UALLY RESTRAINED TO CHECK UPWARD SPRING ASSISTANCE. THIS IS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT IF
THE STEERING WHEEL HAS BEEN REMOVED FOR MAINTENANCE REASONS.
WARNING: ALL TYPES; DO NOT REMOVE THE STEERING COLUMN FROM THE VEHICLE WITH THE STEERING
WHEEL ATTACHED UNLESS THE STEERING
IS CENTERED AND THE COLUMN LOCK IS ENGAGED. IFTHE
SERVE THIS MAY RESULT IN AN INOPERATIVE AIRBAG SYSTEM. SEE LABEL ON STEERING WHEEL
HUB. LOCK IS TO BE RENEWED, 'LOCK-WIRE THE ASSEMBLY TO PREVENT ROTATION. FAILURE TO OB-
0
X300 VSM 1 Issue 1 August 1994
J57-27L
3 Ignition switch 1 1 Tilt motor 2 Tilt motor flexible coupling 4 Reach motor
Fig.
1 Major components Power operated steering column

@ Steering
10.1.3 Steering Hydraulic System Major Components
Engine driven rotary vane pump (belt driven 12 cylinder; direct drive from timing gear 6 cylinder) with falling
flow characteristic (as
pump speed increases fluid flow decreases) and integral pressure relief valve.
Remote fluid reservoir with integral 'return' side filter.
Steering rack (incorporating speed sensitive transducer).
Steering control module
(SCM).
Fluid cooler integral with engine coolant radiator and associated pipe-work.
10.1.4 Hydraulic System Features
The 'Servotronic' system reduces steering input loads during parking and low speed manoeuvres and progressively
increases input loads as vehicle speed rises. This feature enhances steering feel.
10.1.5
Rotary motion of the steering wheel is converted, via the steering gear pinion to lateral motion of the rack. Hydraulic
assistance is provided by pressurized fluid being directed against the rack bar piston in the rack cylinder. The pressure
applied to each side of the rack piston is controlled by the pinion valve which varies the restriction through which the
flow for each side of the rack piston must pass.
Hydraulic System Operating Principle (see illustrations on next three pages)
Section on X X
J57-277
A. Steering rack F. Torsion bar 0 Radial groove B. Driving pinion G. Oil pump 1 Speedometer
C. Power cylinder H Pressure & flow 2 SCM D. Rotary disc valve limiting valve 3 Transducer
E. Control sleeve N Radial groove
Fig.
1 Major components & hydraulic flow - Neutral position ~
Issue 1 August 1994 X300 VSM 2

With the vehicle travelling straight ahead, the valve restrictions are balanced, thus providing equal pressure on each
side of the piston. When load is applied at the steering wheel the two halves of the pinion valve are displaced making
the restrictions unequal. The differential pressure then directs the rack piston in favour of the higher pressure.
Asthe turning load is removed the pressures equalize and the steering returns to the straight ahead position, aided by suspen-
sion geometry.
The displacement
of the halves of the pinion valve (rotor and sleeve) is controlled by the elastic deformation of the
torsion bar which is concentric with the pinion and valve.
0 N
J Outlet K Outlet
L Inlet
M Inlet
N Radial groove (return)
0 Radial groove (feed) P Feedgroove ~57-278 Q Axial groove
R Axial groove S Return groove
Fig.1 Porting & hydraulic flow - LOW speed clockwise rotation
Issue 1 August 1994 X300 VSM 3

@ Steering
The rotaryvalve within the pinion housing on the 'Servotronic'system is fitted with a 'Hydraulic Reaction Piston' (HRP). The HRP moves axially, relative to the rotor, on ball bearing travellers (acting as a face cam) and is connected to the
sleeve
by a four bearing helical screw. Pressure applied eitherside of the HRP is translated into a rotational force which
resists torsion bar /valve displacement thus increasing steering effort. The amount of pressure applied to the HRP is
controlled by: a) the differential pressure on the rack piston, proportional tovehicle corneringforce and
b) the position
of the transducer valve controlled bythe SCM from information gathered on road speed. Road speed data is processed
from the left hand rear wheel speed sensor.
1 Electronic speedometei
2 SCM 3 Transducer 4 Reaction area 5 Reaction area
6 Checkvalve 7 Checkvalve
8 Choke 9 Choke
10 Reaction limitina valve 157-279 11 Reaction piston-
N Radial groove (return)
0 Radial groove (feed)
Fig.1 Sensors, valves & hydraulic flow - HIGH speed anti-clockwise rotation
X300 VSM Issue 1 August 1994 4

10.2 SERVICE
PROCEDURES - SAFETY RELATED
10.2.1
Airbag
The electrically activated driver's side airbag is attached to the steering wheel hub and is fed by two wires from the
column stalk assembly. Electrical input to the column stalk assembly for the airbag is provided by a dedicated harness
which is encased in a yellow sleeve. A mechanism in the stalk assembly called the 'cable reel cassette' provides conti
-
nuity from the static column to the steering wheel. The 'cable reel cassette' is driven by a tang which locates in the
steering wheel. Because the connection is by wires, and the cassette assembly is only capable of approximately five
(5) full turns,
it is critically important that initial positioning is correct, see Section 15. It is equally important that fitting of the steering wheel, connection of the column, lower shaft and steering rackshould
ONLY be made with the steering rack in the center of its travel.
WARNING: DO NOT REMOVE THE STEERING COLUMN FROM THE VEHICLE WITH THE STEERING WHEEL AT- TACHED UNLESS THE STEERING IS CENTERED AND THE COLUMN LOCK IS ENGAGED. IF THE LOCK
BARREL
IS TO BE RENEWED, 'LOCK-WIRE THE ASSEMBLY TO PREVENT ROTATION. FAILURE TO OB- SERVE THIS AND CONSEQUENT DAMAGE TO THE 'CABLE REEL CASSETTE MAY RESULT IN AN INOP- ERATIVE AIRBAG SYSTEM. SEE LABEL ON STEERING WHEEL HUB.
10.3 SERVICE PROCEDURES
10.3.1 Working Practices
It is not recommended that either the steering rack or engine driven pump assemblies are repaired in any way other
than in accordance with the repair procedures described in this manual. The fluid reservoir and filter is a disposable
assembly and no attempt should be made to clean it internally. Genuine replacement units must be fitted following
routine service or diagnostic confirmation of the failure of any component.
The importance of cleanliness cannot be over
-stressed, not only with new parts but also those which may havefailed.
In-service contamination of the hydraulic system is a major cause of failures and may be avoided with good working
practices and care. All new units and pipes must be supplied with suitable blanks in every orifice. Should a unit not
have blanks fitted, do not use
it - return it to the supplier with an appropriate reason for your action.
To help the manufacturer diagnose problems and avoid post-removal contamination; provide full details of the fault
and plug all connections as soon as they are released. All suspect units must be returned to Jaguar Cars complete
with relevant documentation.
CAUTION: It is imperative that the power steering system does not become contaminated in any way. Always de- cant fluid from afresh sealed container and clean the area around the reservoir neck both before and after topping-up. Never return drained fluid to the system.
10.3.2
Position the vehicle on a level surface with the engine sta- tionary and fluid cold. Add fluid, if required, so that the level
falls BETWEEN the marks
Fig.1.
10.3.3 System Bleed (following maintenance)
To avoid fluid aeration and possible pump damage, the in- itial fill process must be carried out with the ignition OFF.
Set the fluid level approximately 20 mm above the upper
dipstick level, and cycle the steering no less than three (3) times from lock to lock (this may be best achieved with the
front wheels off the ground). As air is expelled thefluid level
will fall, the level should be corrected. Start the engine and
further cycle thesteering until the fluid level becomes stable.
Stop the engine and finally set the level in accordance
with the fluid level check procedure.
10.3.4 Fluid Reservoir
The reservoir has an integral, non-serviceable, return-side
filter. Should any component be renewed or the system
'broken into' for any reason,
it is essential that the reservoir and the fluid are changed. Under normal operating condi- tions it is not necessary to change the fluid.
10.3.5 Hydraulic Connections
Fluid
Level Check and
Top-up
Jf7-281
Fig. 1
All hydraulic connections and surrounding areas should be scrupulously cleaned before and after work. Please note
that the steering rack valve block connections for FEED and RETURN are common in size. Ensure that the pipes are
correctly fitted, the uppermost one being the high pressure FEEDfrom the steering pump and the lower (RETURN) hav- ing a double depth hexagon tube nut.
X300 VSM 5 issue 1 August 1994

@ Steering
Cause
Fluid level low?
Drive belt slack
(V12)
Pump drive loose (6cyl)
center pressures low
Air in system due to loose connection
Pump shaft seal faulty (fluid loss)
Delivery pressure or flow too low
Return flow restricted by blocked reser
-
voir filter
Both check valves blocked
Rack damper too
tight
Lower column incorrectly set
Excessive upper column friction
Faulty rotary valve or seal
Drive belt slack
(VI217
Engine idle speed too low
Pump drive loose
(6cyl)
Air in system due to loose connection
Pump shaft seal faulty (fluid
loss)
Delivery pressure or flow too low
Fluid level low?
tire pressures
high
Air in system due to loose connection
Stiff or seized steering joint
Rack damper too tight
Castor or tracking error
Lower column over extended
Fluid level low?
Air
in system due to loose connection
Pump shaft seal faulty (fluid
loss)
Rack damper loose
Pinion bearing faulty
Rack or column fixings loose
Rack mounting bracket loose
Rack mounting bush loose
Free play in column assembly
10.4 DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE
10.4.1 Introduction
The following diagnostic procedures are provided to rapidly pin-point mechanical faults which are not interrogated
by electrical means. Diagnostic procedures which require dedicated electrically operated equipment are dealt with in the 'Electrical Diagnostic Manual' (EDM) but may be mentioned here for reference.
10.4.2 Preliminary Action
Before any problem solving is undertaken it is essential that the fluid level and where applicable, belt tension, is
checked and if required corrected.
CAUTION: It is imperative that the power steering system does not become contaminated in any way. Always de cant fluid from a fresh sealed container and clean the area around the reservoir neck both before and after
topping-up. Never return drained fluid to the system.
10.4.2 Diagnostic Chart 1
Remedy
Rectify fluid loss and or top up
Re
-tension belt
Renew pump
Set to specification
Secure connection and bleed air out
Renew pump
Renew pump
Renew reservoir
Renew rack
Renew rack
Set to specification
Renew upper column
Renew rack
Retension belt
Reset idle speed
Renew
pump
Secure connection and bleed air out
Renew
pump
Renew pump
Rectify
fluid loss and or top up
Set to specification
Secure connection and bleed air out
Test and renew faulty joint
Renew rack
Check geometry and rectify
if required
Set to specification
Rectify fluid
loss and or top up
Secure connection and bleed air out
Renew pump
Renew rack
Renew rack
Tighten to specification
Renew rack
Renew rack
Check and rectify as required
Trouble
Heavy on both sides
Heavy on one side
Heavy when steering
rapidly
Vague feel about center
Knocking
1 vibration felt
at steering wheel
0
0
0
0
Issue 1 August 1994 6 X300 VSM