wheel alignment JEEP CJ 1953 Owner's Manual

STEERING
SYSTEM

FIG.
0-9—STEERING

BELLCRANK
ASSEMBLY

1— 5s'-18
Stollock
Lockout

2—
Plain
Washer

3— 7 us"-20
x
2 l2' Bolt

4—
71«
*-20
Stollock
Locknut
5—
Beilcrank
Support

6—
Special
Ground
Washer
7— Seal
8—
Bearing
9— Beilcrank
10— Beilcrank
Shaft

11—
Seals

12—
Bearings

13— } s *
b.
Torque the
Vfc"
[11,113
mm.] diameter elamp
bolt to
50-70
lb-ft. [6,9 a 9,7 kg-m.].

c.
Assemble the tie rod to the beilcrank lever,
making
sure to tighten the nut to the proper
torque value of 38 to 45 lb-ft. [5,2 a 6,2 kg-m.].

d.
Connect the drag
link
to the beilcrank arm,

adjust
the
ball
joint by screwing in the plug firmly against the
ball,
approximately 20 lb-ft. [2,8 kg-m.], then back off one quarter
turn
and lock

with
a new cotter pin.

0-19.
Beilcrank
Support
Bracket
Rivet
Replacement

The
procedure for replacing a rivet with a bolt
is as follows:

a.
Drill
a [4,76 mm.] pilot
hole
up through
the front rivet.

b.
Enlarge
the [4,76 mm.]
hole
with a %"
[8,73 mm.]
drill.

c.
Chisel
off the
bottom
rivet head and drive the

remainder
of the rivet upward and out, using
a
punch and hammer.

d.
Install
a %" [9,53 mm.] bolt and lock nut,
torque to
30-45
lb-ft. [4,1 a 6,2 kg-m] and stake
the nut.

e.
Clamp
a metal plate to the frame to protect
the radiator, then
drill
and remove the remaining two rivets, install bolts, lock nuts and torque as
specified.

O-20.
STEERING
COLUMN
AND
WHEEL SERVICE

Jeep
Universal
Series vehicles use a
one-piece
steer­
ing
shaft that is integral with the steering gear
assembly, as shown in Fig. 0-2. Alignment in­
structions in paragraph 0-4 apply.

0-21.
Steering
Wheel Removal •
Refer to Fig. 0-2.

a.
Carefully
pry the rubber horn cap from the housing slot.
b.
Remove steering shaft nut.

c.
Remove steering wheel and spring.

0-22.
STEERING GEAR SERVICE

Note:
The steering gear can be adjusted when the
gear is mounted in the vehicle by first disconnecting
the drag
link
from the steering arm. Refer to Par.
Q-5.
0-23.
Removal
of
Steering Gear
•
F4-Engine.

a.
Remove the directional signal unit from the steering column.

b.
Remove the steering column bracket attached
at the instrument panel.

c.
Remove upper section of the floor pan.

d.
Disconnect shift rods from the shift levers at
lower end of the steering column if applicable.

e.
Disconnect the horn wire at lower end of steer­
ing
gear assembly.

f.
Remove steering gear arm from the steering gear assembly.

g.
Remove
bolts
attaching the steering gear hous­
ing
to the frame.

h.
Remove the steering gear assembly by bringing

it
up through the floor pan opening.

•
V6 Engine.

a.
Remove oil pan
skid
plate.

b.
Remove
left
exhaust pipe.

c.
Disconnect connecting rod (drag
link)
from
steering gear arm.

d.
Disconnect steering gear assembly from frame.

e.
Remove steering wheel from steering column.
f. Disconnect accelerator linkage.
g.
Remove upper floor pan assembly.
h.
Disconnect directional signal switch.
i.
Jack-up
vehicle, and remove steering gear and
320

'Jeep'
UNIVERSAL
SERIES SERVICE
MANUAL

O
column assembly down through the floor pan open­
ing and out from under vehicle.
0-24.
Disassembly
of
Steering
Gear
Refer
to Fig. 0-2.

When
the steering gear arm is installed on early
production vehicles, the line across the face of the

arm
and the end of the shaft should be in align­ ment. On later production vehicles, blind splines
on the lever shaft and in the steering gear arm en­

sure
correct positioning of the arm.

a.
Remove the steering gear arm with a puller
C-3646.

Caution:
Do not use a hammer or
wedge
to re­
move
the steering arm from the shaft and lever.

This
can cause damage to the shaft assembly.

b.
Loosen the lock nut and unscrew the adjusting

screw
two turns.

c.
Remove the side cover screws and washers. Re­
move
the side cover and gasket.

d.
Remove lever shaft.

e.
Remove upper cover plate screws. Remove cam,
wheel tube, and bearing assembly from the housing.
f.
Clean
all parts with suitable cleaning solvent and wipe dry.

g.
After dismantling as outlined above is com­
pleted, inspect cam
grooves
for wear, chipping and
scoring,
also the
ball
races on the cam ends and the
separate
ball
cups. Existence of any of
these
condi­ tions indicates the necessity for parts replacement.

h.
Inspect the tapered stud mounted on the lever
shaft for flat
spots
and chipping. In the case of
either, replacement is usually advisable. Inspect the
lever shaft for wear and
test
the fit of the shaft in
the bushings.

i.
Inspect condition of the oil seal at outer end of
lever shaft and the bearing at top end of steering
column.

0-25.
Reassembly
of
Steering
Gear
e Refer to Fig. 0-2.
Reassemble all parts to wheel tube in reverse order
of dismantling. Assemble cam, wheel tube and
bearing
assembly in housing, seating the lower

bearing
ball
cup in the housing.
Note:
New plastic retainer type cam bearings are
now available for the Ross steering gears. The new
bearings replace, and are interchangeable with,
the lock ring type cam bearings on gears equipped

with
early type cams.
With
adjusting shims in place, assemble upper
cover and adjust the cam bearings.
Assemble lever shaft in housing and with gasket
in
place assemble the side cover and set adjusting

screw
for a minimum backlash of the studs in the
cam
groove, with the steering gear at the center
point of travel.
When
assembling upper bearing spring and spring
seat in jacket tube make sure that the spring seat
is positioned correctly. It must be installed with
the lengthwise flange down against the bearing and
not up inside of spring coil.

0-26.
Installation
of
Steering
Gear

a.
After the gear has been properly adjusted, as
outlined in Par. 0-5, install steering gear assembly
in
chassis in the reverse order in which it was re­
moved.

b.
After installing the assembly in the vehicle,

jack
up front of vehicle and place the front wheels
in
the straight ahead position.

c.
Temporarily install the steering wheel to locate
the mid-position of the steering gear. To locate the mid-position,
turn
the steering wheel as far to the

right
as possible and then
turn
in the
opposite
di­

rection
as far as possible, noting the total number
of turns.
Turn
the wheel back just ^ of the total movement to place the gear in mid-position.

d.
With
the steering gear in mid-position and the
wheels in the straight ahead position install steer­ ing gear arm on lever shaft with the
ball
end down.

When
installed the line across the face of the arm

and
end of shaft should be in alignment.

0-27.
Steering
Wheel
Installation
•
Refer to Fig. 0-2.

a.
Install
steering wheel and spring on shaft.

Align
scribe marks on shaft and hub of wheel.
b.
Install
steering shaft nut and torque 20 to 25
lb-ft. [2,8 a 3,4 kg-m.].

c.
Install
horn cap. Test horn.
321

'Jeep'
UNIVERSAL
SERIES SERVICE
MANUAL

P The
standard parking brakes (Fig. P-3) consist of
cable-controlled linkage for applying the rear wheel

brake
shoes
mechanically. A single cable from the

parking
brake control lever is connected, by means of an equalizer, to cables leading to individual rear

brakes.
A lever attached to the secondary
shoe,

with a link acting against the
primary
shoe,
expands the
shoes
into
contact with the drums.
P-4.
Transmission Brake

The
transmission brake is mechanically operated
by a hand lever through a cable and conduit and is mounted at the rear output bearing housing on the
transfer case. The transmission brake and its
linkage are shown in Fig. P-4.
P-5.
Brake Maintenance
No brake can be
expected
to work well when grease
or oil is allowed to leak
into
the drum from the rear axle. Little braking friction can be obtained

between
brakes and drums when the surface is
covered with grease and oil. For this reason, take
care
not to over-lubricate wheel bearings, forcing

lubricant
past seals. Also, check condition of seals

if
leak is suspected or whenever brake drums

are
pulled.
Whenever
wheels
are removed, it is advisable to
wash the drums with a suitable solvent so that all
grease and dirt are removed. Linings with any
evidence of grease or oil on them should be replaced.
The
hydraulic system should be kept free of dirt

and
moisture.
Use only SAE standard J-1703 Hydraulic
Brake
Fluid.

Caution:
Keep mineral oils, gasoline, or kerosene
out of the system as
they
cause rubber cups to

soften,
swell, and distort, resulting in failure.
P-6.
Brake
Service

To
service the brakes,
follow
the procedure
below:

a.
Check the fluid level in the brake master cylin­
der.
See Lubrication Section, Par. B-40.
b. Check brake pedal adjustment. See Par. P-9.
c. Check brake pedal travel. If the pedal travels more than halfway to the floor, the brake system
must be checked and the self adjusting star wheel mechanisms checked for binding, also the brake
linings should be inspected as
they
may be badly

worn.
How much lining is
left
can only be deter­ mined by visually inspecting the linings. See Par.
P-l6 for relining brakes.

d.
If the brakes pull to one side after adjustment, check tire pressures. All tires must be inflated to recommended pressures to ensure even braking. If
the condition persists, examine the brake linings
for foreign material and clean as necessary. If clean­
ing
does
not correct the condition the linings should be replaced. If the side pull persists, check front
wheel alignment and balance.
e. Check the brake system for leaks by applying a steady pressure on the brake pedal. A leak in the
system
will
allow the pedal to "fall away". If the pedal "falls away" check for a leaking wheel cylin­
der.
Remove
wheels
and drums and carefully check
each cylinder. Also examine all lines and fittings.

Rebuild
or replace all wheel cylinders (Par. P-21)

if
one is
defective
as
they
are all probably in poor condition. If the leak has allowed brake fluid to get
on the linings, the linings
will
have to be replaced.
f. A
"spongy"
brake pedal indicates the pressure of air in the hydraulic system.
This
condition must
be corrected by bleeding the brakes. See Par. P-7.
g. Should the brakes
become
locked so that the vehicle cannot be moved, the brakes may be re­
leased by opening the bleeder screw on any one of the wheel cylinders. Before the vehicle is driven, correct the cause of the condition. The cause may
3
14 15 16 17 18
4
10796

1—
Cable
and Conduit
2—
Hand
Brake
Clip

3—
Hand
Brake
Bracket
4—
Hand
Brake
Handle Assembly 5—
Rear
Cap
6—
Drive
Gear
Bushing
7—
Driven
Gear

8—
Driven
Gear
Sleeve
FIG.
P-4—TRANSMISSION
BRAKE

9—Backing
Plate
10— Shoe and
Lining

11—
Lever
End Return Spring
12—
Brake
Drum
13— Bolt 14—
Rear
Companion Flange
15—
Washer

16— Nut 17— Propeller Shaft Flange Yoke
18—
Rear
Propeller Shaft
19—
Adjusting
End Spring
20—
Adjusting
Screw Bracket
21—
Operating
Lever

22—
Clevis

23—
Retracting
Spring
Clip

24—
Retracting
Spring
Link
325

'Jeep'
UNIVERSAL
SERIES
SERVICE
MANUAL

Q
ice, provide maximum safety over all
types
of

terrain,
and furnish the medium on which the
vehicle can be maneuvered with ease. Although
there are other
elements
of tire service, inflation maintenance is the most important and in many
instances the most neglected. The tire pressure should be maintained for safe operation. An under- inflated tire is dangerous as too much flexing can
cause breakage of the casing. Overinflation in time
may
cause a blowout.

Upon
careful inspection of tires, it may be found
that improper wheel alignment, balance, grabbing
brakes,
poor driving habits, fast cornering or other
conditions are the cause of wear. Such conditions
should be corrected.

a.
UNDERINFLATION

Underinflation
distorts the normal contour of the
tire
body and the tire
bulges
or "bellies out" with

an
extreme flexing action.
This
wears the tread at the
edges
more than the center and generates
excessive internal heat, weakening the cords and
resulting
in bruises, broken cords or ply separation.

Underinflation
also leads to rim bruises as in­ sufficient resistance is provided to prevent the tire

from
being jammed against the rim and crushed
or
cut when the tire strikes a
curb,
rock, or rut.

b.
OVERINFLATION

When
a tire is
overinf
lated,
increased tension caused by excessive pressure prevents proper deflection of
the sidewalls.
This
results in wear in the center of the tread and the tire also
loses
its ability to absorb

road
shocks. Under this increased
strain,
cords in the tread area eventually snap under impact, caus­ing a casing break.

c.
MISALIGNMENT
WEAR
Excessive
wheel camber causes the tires to run at an angle to the road when camber is incorrect

it
will
cause excessive wear on one side of the
tire
tread.

Front
wheels should be straight ahead or toe-in slightly. When there is excessive toe-in or
toe-out,

tires
will
revolve with a side motion and scrape
the tread rubber off.
Front
tires
will
show wear on the outside with too great a toe-in condition
and
on the inside with a
toe-out
condition.

d.
BALANCE
Cupping
and bald spotting of tires is associated

with
wear on a vehicle driven mostly at high-way
speeds
without the recommended tire rotation and

with
unbalance conditions.

Q-12.
Tire
Care
Note;
For satisfactory 4-wheel drive operation, a
4-wheel drive vehicle
MUST
be equipped with the same size tires of equal circumference on all
four wheels. The tires must then be inflated to

proper
factory recommended pressures at all times.

Tire
pressure, tire rotation, wheel balance, and wheel alignment are the four vital factors that in­
fluence the
extent
of tire life and the
ease
and safety of vehicle control.
Four
of the most common

tire
troubles are:

a.
Excessive wear around the outer
edges
resulting

from
underinflation.

b.
Excessive wear in the center of the tread re­
sulting from overinflation.

c.
Tire
tread worn on one side indicating wheels
need realigning.
d.
Cuplike
depressions on one side of the tread

indicating
wheels need balancing.

If
the vehicle normally carries a
full
load, two to
four psi. [0,14 a 0,28 kg-m2] can be added to the
recommended air pressures. But, remember that adding air with a light load means a harsher ride,

doesn't
help tires, and wears out shock absorbers. Rotate the tires as shown in Fig. Q-9 for correct
rotation system.

Q-13.
Tire
Removal
and
Installation

To
remove a tire from a drop center rim, first
WEAR
AT SHOULDERS

WEAR
AT CENTER

WEAR
ON ONE
SIDE
FEATHERED
EDGE
BALD
SPOTS

/1TTDN

i

UNDER
INFLATION
OVER
INFLATION
EXCESSIVE
CAMBER

INCORRECT
TOE
WHEEL
UNBALANCED

liF
11

ADJUST
PRESSURE TO
SPECIFICATIONS
WHEN
TIRES ARE
COOL
ADJUST
CAMBER
TO

SPECIFICATIONS
ADJUST
FOR

TOE-IN
DYNAMIC
OR
STATIC

BALANCE
WHEELS

FIG.
Q-8—TIRE
WEAR
PATTERN
339

u
MISCELLANEOUS
U-12.
STANDARD
AND
RECOMMENDED TOOLS
(Continued)

Tool
Description
CLUTCH

W-296 Fixture — Adjusting

TRANSMISSION

C-3201
- A
Lo-Jack
— Floor Type

AXLE

C-637 Puller — Axle Shaft & Oil Seal

STEERING

DD-428 Gauge — Camber & Caster
DD-435 Turntables — Wheel Alignment C-3479 Gauge & Scribe — Toe-in Checking

BRAKES

C-416 Clamps — Brake Cylinder Retaining C-3080 Hone — Brake Cylinder
C-3496-B Bleeder — Hydraulic Pressure Type C-3785 Remover & Installer — Brake Return Spring
C-3920 Micrometer — Brake Drum Checking
U-13.
ENGINE TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS HURRICANE
F4
ENGINE

Pounds - Feet
kg-m.

30-40
4,1
a

5,5

Camshaft
Thrust Plate Bolt
20-26

2,8
a
3,6

Clutch
Control
Ball
Stud — [7,93 mm.]
35-45

4,8
a
6,2
Connecting Rod Cap Bolt Nut — y8" [9,53 mm.|
35-45

4,8
a
6,2

60-70
8,3
a
9,7

Cylinder
Head to Block Bolts
60-70
8,3
a
9,7

45-55
6,2
a
7,6

29-35
4,0
a
4,8

Flywheel
to Crankshaft Bolt. 35-41
4,8
a

5,7

Fuel
Pump Mounting Bolts 13-17 1,8
a
2,4
Alternator Bracket to Cylinder Block.
25-35
3,5
a
4,8

29-35
4,0

a
4,8

Main
Bearing
Caps.
.
65-75
9,0
a
10,4

Oil
Pan
Drain
Plug
25-35

3,5
a

4,8
9-14 1,2
a

1,9
Piston Pin
Lock
Bolt 35-41
4,8
a

5,7

30-36
4,1
a

5,0

Spark
Plugs to Cylinder Head
25-33

3,5
a
4,6
Starting Motor Mounting Bolt.
20-25
2,8
a
3,5
7-10 0,9
a
1,4

Water
Outlet Elbow to Cylinder Head
20-25
2,8

a
3,5

Water
Pump to Cylinder Block 12-17
1,7
a

2,4

NOTE:
Turn
the connecting rod cap nut locks (inverted type, pressed
steel)
finger
tight
and then
tighten
% turn more with wrench
362

'Jeep'
UNIVERSAL
SERIES SERVICE
MANUAL

ALPHABETICAL INDEX

SUBJECT PAR.
SUBJECT
PAR.

Abbreviations,
List
U-17 Accelerator Linkage E-70
Air
Cleaner B-25, B-26, B-82, C-21, E-69

Air
Delivery Manifold Fl-4, F2-12
Air
Filter, Pump • F2-3, F2-11

Air
Injection Tubes Fl-5, F2-13
Air
Pump Fl-2, F2-10
Alternator Bearings B-76, H-80
Alternator Brushes H-74, H-75
Alternator Charging System •
•
H-63
Alternator
Diodes
H-69, H-85
Alternator Precautions H-64 Alternator Rotor H-76, H-79
Alternator Tests H-67, H-77 Alternator Specifications H-l 52
Alternator Stator H-84
Anti-Backfire
Valve Fl-6, F2-14
Antifreeze
Chart
• G-22 Antifreeze
Solutions
- G-16
Axle Camber O-l
Axle Caster 0-8

Back-Up
Lights H-135

Ballast
Resistor. H-32 Battery C-3, H-2 Bendix Folo-Thru Drive H-105, H-106
Bleeding Brakes P-7
Body T-l Body Lubrication. B-65 Body Name Plates ' A-7

Brake
Adjustment P-14
Brake
Drums. • .P-17

Brake
Hoses
P-8

Brake
Maintenance . P-5
Brake
Master Cylinder B-40, P-2, P-20

Brake
Service P-6
Brake
Wheel Cylinder • P-21

Camber
Adjustment 0-7
Camshaft D-6, D-51, D-52, D-53, D-81, Dl-26, Dl-33, Dl-55, Dl-80

Carburetor
E-10, E-25

Carburetor
Adjustment C-25, E-14, E-40,
Fl-13,
F2-16
Carburetor
Specifications .Fl-38, F2-34, E-79

Caster
Adjustment 0-8

Charging
System Service. .H-34, H-63

Chassis
Lubrication B-7, B-83

Chassis
Torque Specifications U-14

Clutch
1-4, MO
Clutch
Adjustment 1-3
Clutch
Linkage B-44, 1-3

Clutch
Maintenance .. 1-2
Clutch
Release Bearing B-74, 1-25

Coil
C-20, H-19, H-31 Connecting Rod Bearings D-47, D-48, D-49, Dl-49 Connecting Rod
Crank
Pins D-42
Connecting Rods... .D-20, D-50, D-95, Dl-31, Dl-45, Dl-75
Controls B-59, B-62
Cooling System B-28, G-l Cooling System Filling G-2

Core
Hole Expansion Plugs D-72

Crankcase
Ventilating System B-13, C-6, D-110

Crankshaft
D-26, D-38, D-39, Dl-38, Dl-73
Crankshaft
End Play. D-83, Dl-74

Crankshaft
Main Bearing D-43, D-44, Dl-32, Dl-40, Dl-73

Crankshaft
Oil Seal, Front Dl-21, Dl-85
Crankshaft
Oil Seal, Rear D-63, D-85, Dl-72

Cylinder
Block D-32, Dl-34

Cylinder
Bores D-35, Dl-36

Cylinder
Head D-17, D-73, D-98, Dl-24, Dl-63, Dl-82

Cylinder
Head Torque. C-5
Dash Pot Adjustment C-26, E-44
Differential B-51 thru B-53, N-9 Differential Adjustments N-16, N-18
Differential, Powr-Lok N-20
Differential,
Trac-Lok
N-24
Directional Signal Lights. . H-138
Distributor B-14, B-15, C-10, D-13, Dl-9, H-9, H-20 Distributor Check H-l7, H-28
Distributor Point Dwell C-17 Distributor Resistance Test C-16

Drawbar
.R-6, U-16
Dual
Brake System P-l thru P-26

Electrical
Instruments H-l22

Electrical
Specifications .H-l52

Electrical
System H-l Engine .
..D-l,
Dl-1
Engine Code Number A-6
Engine Compression .
.
C-9 Engine Disassembly . • .D-6, Dl-5 Engine Installation D-105, Dl-102
Engine Lubrication System B-4, B-6 Engine Mountings D-3, Dl-3
Engine Oil B-9
Engine Oil Filter B-10, B-ll,
D-lll,
Dl-13, Dl-93
Engine Oil Pan D-l9, D-66, D-97, Dl-29, Dl-51, Dl-77 Engine Oil Pump. . .D-14, D-65, D-93, Dl-19, Dl-50, Dl-87
Engine Overheating. G-l9 Engine Removal D-5, Dl-4.

Exhaust
Emission Control — F4 Fl-1 thru Fl-30
Exhaust
Emission Control — V6 F2-1 thru F2-36
Exhaust
Manifold, Install F-6

Exhaust
Pipe -
•
F-8

Exhaust
System F-2, F-3

Exhaust
System Maintenance F-4

Fan
Belt C-27, Dl-11, Dl-96, G-18
Floating Oil Intake. D-64, Dl-30, Dl-50, Dl-76 Flywheel D-25, D-67, D-87, Dl-28, Dl-52, Dl-78
Flywheel Housing. D-71, D-88, Dl-27, Dl-54, Dl-79
Flywheel Pilot Bushing D-70, 1-8

Frame
R-l

Frame
Alignment. R-2
Frame
Dimensions R-3
Frame
Straightening R-4

Front
Bumper Weight. • U-9
Front
Axle B-50, M-2

Front
Axle Alignment R-5

Front
Axle Installation • M-12
Front
Axle Maintenance M-3

Front
Axle Shaft Removal M-5

Front
Axle U-Joint B-54, B-55, M-7

Front
Axle Steering Knuckle M-&

Front
Wheel Alignment 0-4

Front
Wheel Bearings B-56, B-57, Q-4
Front
Wheel Toe-in 0-5, 0-6

Front
Wheel Turning Angle 0-9
Fuel
Gauge Float Unit F-76

Fuel
Lines - E-77

Fuel
Pump E-45, E-54, E-60, E-67
Fuel
Pump Check C-23

Fuel
Tank
E-72

G

Gauges, Testing H-l24

General
Specifications A-8
Generator B-16, H-34 thru H-40

Glass
Replacement • T-4
Governor. . .
•.
• U-3
Guides, Valve D"61

H

Hazard
Warning Lights H-139
Head Lamp Aiming H-131, H-132 Head Lamp Replacement H-130
Headlight Dimmer Switch H-l
2
7

Heat Control Valve C-7, F-7 Heated Air System • •
•
F2-2
Heater U-10
Horns.....
....H-137 371