wheel LAND ROVER FREELANDER 2001 Workshop Manual
[x] Cancel search | Manufacturer: LAND ROVER, Model Year: 2001, Model line: FREELANDER, Model: LAND ROVER FREELANDER 2001Pages: 1007, PDF Size: 23.47 MB
Page 5 of 1007
CONTENTS
2CONTENTS
GENERAL DATA ..................................................................................... 04-1
Engine - Td4 Diesel ........................................................................................................................ 04-1
Engine - K1.8 Petrol........................................................................................................................ 04-6
Engine - KV6 Petrol ........................................................................................................................ 04-11
Fuel system - Td4 Diesel ................................................................................................................ 04-16
Fuel system - K1.8 Petrol ............................................................................................................... 04-18
Fuel system - KV6 Petrol ................................................................................................................ 04-18
Cooling system - Td4 Diesel ........................................................................................................... 04-19
Cooling system - K1.8 Petrol .......................................................................................................... 04-19
Cooling system - KV6 Petrol ........................................................................................................... 04-19
Clutch.............................................................................................................................................. 04-20
Manual Gearbox - Getrag ............................................................................................................... 04-21
Manual Gearbox - PG1 ................................................................................................................... 04-22
Intermediate Reduction Drive (IRD)................................................................................................ 04-24
Automatic Gearbox - Jatco ............................................................................................................. 04-25
Rear Axle and Final Drive ............................................................................................................... 04-26
Steering .......................................................................................................................................... 04-27
Front Suspension............................................................................................................................ 04-28
Rear Suspension ............................................................................................................................ 04-30
Brakes............................................................................................................................................. 04-31
Wheels and tyres ............................................................................................................................ 04-32
Tyre pressures ................................................................................................................................ 04-32
Heating and Ventilation................................................................................................................... 04-33
Air Conditioning .............................................................................................................................. 04-33
Electrical - Td4 engine .................................................................................................................... 04-34
Electrical - K1.8 engine ................................................................................................................... 04-34
Electrical - KV6 engine ................................................................................................................... 04-34
Dimensions ..................................................................................................................................... 04-35
Weights ........................................................................................................................................... 04-36
IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS .................................................................. 05-1
Vehicle Identification Number ......................................................................................................... 05-1
Identification Number Locations ..................................................................................................... 05-2
Page 7 of 1007
CONTENTS
4CONTENTS
MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................ 10-1
MAINTENANCE
Td4 - Diesel Engine - Under Bonnet View ...................................................................................... 10-1
K1.8 – Petrol Engine – Under Bonnet View .................................................................................... 10-2
KV6 – Petrol Engine – Under Bonnet View .................................................................................... 10-3
Seats and Seat Belts ...................................................................................................................... 10-4
Lamps, Horns and Warning Indicators ........................................................................................... 10-4
Wipers and Washers ...................................................................................................................... 10-5
Handbrake ...................................................................................................................................... 10-5
Alarm Handset Battery.................................................................................................................... 10-6
Road Wheels .................................................................................................................................. 10-6
Tyres ............................................................................................................................................... 10-7
Brake Pads and Calipers ................................................................................................................ 10-7
Brake Fluid...................................................................................................................................... 10-9
Road Wheel Speed Sensors .......................................................................................................... 10-9
Fuel Filter - Petrol ........................................................................................................................... 10-10
Fuel Filter - Diesel........................................................................................................................... 10-10
Fuel Pump and Filter assembly - Diesel - 03 Model Year onwards ................................................ 10-10
Fuel Sedimenter - Diesel - 03 Model Year onwards ....................................................................... 10-10
Door Locks, Hinges, Check Straps and Bonnet Catch ................................................................... 10-11
Anti-freeze ...................................................................................................................................... 10-12
Cooling System and Intercooler...................................................................................................... 10-12
Vent filter - turbocharger boost control solenoid valve - Td4 .......................................................... 10-13
Spark Plugs – K1.8 ......................................................................................................................... 10-13
Spark Plugs – KV6.......................................................................................................................... 10-13
Air Cleaner – Petrol Models ............................................................................................................ 10-13
Ancillary Drive Belt – Td4 ............................................................................................................... 10-14
Ancillary Drive Belt – K1.8 .............................................................................................................. 10-14
Ancillary Drive Belt – KV6 ............................................................................................................... 10-15
Camshaft Timing Belt – K1.8 .......................................................................................................... 10-15
Camshaft Timing Belt – KV6........................................................................................................... 10-16
Brake/Clutch Reservoir ................................................................................................................... 10-16
PAS Fluid Level .............................................................................................................................. 10-17
Intermediate Reduction Drive - Non NAS models .......................................................................... 10-17
Intermediate Reduction Drive - NAS models .................................................................................. 10-18
Manual Gearbox – PG1 .................................................................................................................. 10-18
Manual Gearbox – GETRAG .......................................................................................................... 10-19
Automatic Gearbox – JATCO ......................................................................................................... 10-19
Rear Axle ........................................................................................................................................ 10-20
Clutch Pipes and Unions ................................................................................................................ 10-21
Windscreen and Rear Washer Reservoir ....................................................................................... 10-21
Battery ............................................................................................................................................ 10-21
Engine Oil and Filter – Td4 ............................................................................................................. 10-22
Engine Oil and Filter – K1.8 ............................................................................................................ 10-23
Engine Oil and Filter – KV6 ............................................................................................................ 10-24
Fuel Hoses and Pipes..................................................................................................................... 10-25
Brake Hoses and Pipes ................................................................................................................. 10-26
Check Exhaust System................................................................................................................... 10-26
Suspension ..................................................................................................................................... 10-27
Steering ......................................................................................................................................... 10-28
Road Test ....................................................................................................................................... 10-28
Endorse Service Record ................................................................................................................. 10-30
Report any Unusual Features ......................................................................................................... 10-30
Page 13 of 1007
CONTENTS
10 CONTENTS
REAR AXLE & FINAL DRIVE ................................................................... 51-1
REPAIRS
Differential assembly ..................................................................................................................... 51-1
Cover - rear - differential ................................................................................................................. 51-2
Bush - differential mounting - front ................................................................................................. 51-3
Bush - differential mounting - rear ................................................................................................. 51-4
Oil seal - pinion .............................................................................................................................. 51-5
Oil seal - differential housing ......................................................................................................... 51-6
STEERING ................................................................................................ 57-1
ADJUSTMENTS
Power assisted steering (PAS) system - bleed............................................................................... 57-1
Cable - key interlock - adjust .......................................................................................................... 57-1
Front wheel alignment - check & adjust .......................................................................................... 57-2
Alignment - rear wheel - check & adjust ......................................................................................... 57-3
Power steering - pressure test ........................................................................................................ 57-4
REPAIRS
Power steering rack ........................................................................................................................ 57-5
Gaiter - PAS rack ............................................................................................................................ 57-8
Oil cooler - Td4 & K1.8 models ....................................................................................................... 57-9
Oil cooler - KV6 models .................................................................................................................. 57-10
Drive belt - K1.8 .............................................................................................................................. 57-11
Pump - steering - KV6 .................................................................................................................... 57-12
Pump - steering - K1.8 .................................................................................................................... 57-14
Pump - steering - Td4 ..................................................................................................................... 57-15
Nacelle - column ............................................................................................................................. 57-16
Column lock & ignition/starter switch assembly .............................................................................. 57-17
Cable - key interlock ....................................................................................................................... 57-18
Column assembly - inner & outer ................................................................................................... 57-19
Ball joint - track rod ......................................................................................................................... 57-23
Track rod......................................................................................................................................... 57-24
Steering wheel ................................................................................................................................ 57-25
FRONT SUSPENSION .............................................................................. 60-1
REPAIRS
Anti roll bar...................................................................................................................................... 60-1
Ball joint link - anti roll bar .............................................................................................................. 60-2
Mounting rubbers - anti roll bar - set .............................................................................................. 60-2
Bearing - hub ................................................................................................................................. 60-3
Damper .......................................................................................................................................... 60-7
Lower arm assembly ...................................................................................................................... 60-10
Rear beam ..................................................................................................................................... 60-13
Bush - lower arm - front .................................................................................................................. 60-15
Bush - lower arm - rear ................................................................................................................... 60-16
Page 14 of 1007
CONTENTS
CONTENTS 11
REAR SUSPENSION ................................................................................ 64-1
REPAIRS
Bush - trailing link............................................................................................................................ 64-1
Bearing - hub ................................................................................................................................. 64-2
Damper .......................................................................................................................................... 64-5
Trailing arm .................................................................................................................................... 64-8
Bush - trailing arm .......................................................................................................................... 64-9
Link - adjustable - transverse ......................................................................................................... 64-10
Link - transverse fixed .................................................................................................................... 64-11
Bush - link - transverse .................................................................................................................. 64-12
Sub frame ...................................................................................................................................... 64-13
BRAKES ................................................................................................... 70-1
ADJUSTMENTS
Brake bleed ..................................................................................................................................... 70-1
Cable - handbrake - check and adjust ............................................................................................ 70-2
REPAIRS
Drum - rear ...................................................................................................................................... 70-3
Disc - front....................................................................................................................................... 70-5
Hose - front - primary - LH .............................................................................................................. 70-6
Hose - rear ...................................................................................................................................... 70-7
Cylinder - master - tandem - LHD ................................................................................................... 70-8
Cylinder - master - tandem - RHD................................................................................................... 70-9
Lever assembly - handbrake........................................................................................................... 70-10
Cable - handbrake ......................................................................................................................... 70-11
Switch - handbrake warning ............................................................................................................ 70-12
Switch - stop light ............................................................................................................................ 70-13
Sensor - brake pedal position ........................................................................................................ 70-13
Shoes/pads - front - set................................................................................................................... 70-14
Brake Shoes - rear set .................................................................................................................... 70-15
Servo assembly - LHD .................................................................................................................... 70-17
Servo assembly - RHD ................................................................................................................... 70-19
Vacuum pump - Td4 - manual ........................................................................................................ 70-20
Vacuum pump - Td4 - automatic ..................................................................................................... 70-21
Vacuum - enhancer - KV6 .............................................................................................................. 70-22
Carrier assembly - calliper - front ................................................................................................... 70-23
Wheel cylinder - rear ....................................................................................................................... 70-24
Switch - low fluid level ..................................................................................................................... 70-25
Sensor & harness - front wheel - RH .............................................................................................. 70-25
Sensor & harness - front wheel - LH ............................................................................................... 70-27
Sensor & harness - rear wheel ....................................................................................................... 70-29
Modulator unit ................................................................................................................................. 70-30
Switch - hill descent - from 04MY ................................................................................................... 70-31
Switch - hill descent - up to 03MY................................................................................................... 70-32
Page 15 of 1007
CONTENTS
12 CONTENTS
RESTRAINT SYSTEMS ............................................................................ 75-1
REPAIRS
Automatic belt assembly - front - 3 door ......................................................................................... 75-1
Automatic belt assembly - front - 5 door ......................................................................................... 75-2
Seat belt - centre - rear ................................................................................................................... 75-3
Seat belt - rear - LH ........................................................................................................................ 75-4
Adjustable mounting - seat belt - 'B' pillar ....................................................................................... 75-5
Stalk - rear seat belt - LH - 3 door .................................................................................................. 75-6
Stalk - rear seat belt - LH - 5 door .................................................................................................. 75-7
Pre-tensioner - seat belt - front ....................................................................................................... 75-8
Pre-tensioner - seat belt - front - deployment - off vehicle ............................................................. 75-9
Stalk - rear seat belt - centre .......................................................................................................... 75-11
Air bag - steering wheel .................................................................................................................. 75-13
Air bag - fascia - passenger - up to 04MY ...................................................................................... 75-14
Air bag - fascia - passenger - from 04MY ....................................................................................... 75-15
Diagnostic control unit (DCU) ........................................................................................................ 75-16
Airbag - passenger - deployment - off vehicle ............................................................................... 75-17
Rotary coupler - (SRS) air bag system ........................................................................................... 75-19
Airbag module - steering wheel - deployment - off vehicle ............................................................ 75-20
Airbag module - steering wheel - deployment - in-vehicle .............................................................. 75-21
Pre-tensioner - front seatbelt - deployment - in-vehicle .................................................................. 75-23
DOORS...................................................................................................... 76-1-1
ADJUSTMENTS
Door - front or rear - adjust on striker ............................................................................................ 76-1-1
Door - front - align on hinges .......................................................................................................... 76-1-2
REPAIRS
Door assembly - front - remove for access & refit .......................................................................... 76-1-3
Door assembly - rear - remove for access & refit ........................................................................... 76-1-4
Door - tail assembly - remove for access & refit ............................................................................. 76-1-5
Glass - front door .......................................................................................................................... 76-1-6
Glass - rear door ............................................................................................................................ 76-1-7
Rubber/felt - glass channel - front door ........................................................................................ 76-1-8
Rubber/felt - glass channel - rear door .......................................................................................... 76-1-9
Glass - tail door .............................................................................................................................. 76-1-10
Quarter light - rear door .................................................................................................................. 76-1-11
Glass regulator - tail door .............................................................................................................. 76-1-12
Seal - waist inner - tail door ............................................................................................................ 76-1-13
Trim casing - front door - 3 door .................................................................................................... 76-1-14
Trim casing - front door - 5 door - up to 04MY................................................................................ 76-1-15
Trim casing - front door - 5 door - from 04MY ................................................................................ 76-1-16
Trim casing - rear door - up to 04MY .............................................................................................. 76-1-18
Trim casing - rear door - from 04MY............................................................................................... 76-1-20
Trim casing - tail door ..................................................................................................................... 76-1-22
Plastic sheet - front door - lower - 3 door........................................................................................ 76-1-23
Pocket - front door - 3 door ............................................................................................................. 76-1-23
Plastic sheet - front door - upper - 3 door ....................................................................................... 76-1-24
Plastic sheet - tail door ................................................................................................................... 76-1-24
Plastic sheet - front door - 5 door .................................................................................................. 76-1-25
Plastic sheet - rear door.................................................................................................................. 76-1-25
Latch - front door - 3 door ............................................................................................................... 76-1-26
Latch - front door - 5 door .............................................................................................................. 76-1-27
Latch - rear door ............................................................................................................................. 76-1-28
Latch - tail door ............................................................................................................................... 76-1-29
Page 16 of 1007
CONTENTS
CONTENTS 13
Remote control - front door ............................................................................................................. 76-1-30
Remote control - rear door .............................................................................................................. 76-1-30
Operating cable - lock remote control - 5 door ............................................................................... 76-1-31
Finisher - rear screen - side - 5 door .............................................................................................. 76-1-31
Handle - exterior - rear door ........................................................................................................... 76-1-32
Handle - exterior - tail door ............................................................................................................. 76-1-33
Handle - exterior - front door ........................................................................................................... 76-1-34
Door pull - 5 door - up to 04MY ....................................................................................................... 76-1-35
EXTERIOR FITTINGS ............................................................................... 76-2-1
REPAIRS
Wing - front ..................................................................................................................................... 76-2-1
Liner - front wheel arch ................................................................................................................... 76-2-2
Liner - rear wheel arch .................................................................................................................... 76-2-3
Panel - underbelly ........................................................................................................................... 76-2-4
Mirror - exterior - electric ................................................................................................................. 76-2-4
Mud flap - front ................................................................................................................................ 76-2-5
Mud flap - rear ................................................................................................................................. 76-2-5
Bracket - spare wheel mounting ..................................................................................................... 76-2-6
Side rail - integral roof rack - 5 door ................................................................................................ 76-2-7
Bonnet............................................................................................................................................. 76-2-7
Cable/rod - bonnet lock control ....................................................................................................... 76-2-8
Bumper - assembly - front - up to 04MY ......................................................................................... 76-2-10
Bumper - assembly - front - from 04MY .......................................................................................... 76-2-11
Bumper valance - rear - up to 04MY ............................................................................................... 76-2-13
Bumper valance - rear - from 04MY ................................................................................................ 76-2-13
Finisher - sill - lower ....................................................................................................................... 76-2-16
Moulding - roof - 5 door ................................................................................................................... 76-2-17
Wheelarch extension - rear wing part ............................................................................................. 76-2-18
Body quarter vent assembly - 3 door .............................................................................................. 76-2-19
Page 19 of 1007
CONTENTS
16 CONTENTS
PANEL REPAIRS...................................................................................... 77-2-1
BODY REPAIRS
General ........................................................................................................................................... 77-2-1
REPLACEMENT PANELS
Serviceable Panels ......................................................................................................................... 77-2-3
Inner front end panels ..................................................................................................................... 77-2-4
Outer body side panels - 3 door ..................................................................................................... 77-2-5
Outer body side panels - 5 door ..................................................................................................... 77-2-6
Front inner body side panels - 3 door ............................................................................................. 77-2-7
Front inner body side panels - 5 door ............................................................................................. 77-2-8
Rear inner body side panels - 3 door.............................................................................................. 77-2-9
Rear inner body side panels - 5 door.............................................................................................. 77-2-10
Roof assemblies - 3 door ................................................................................................................ 77-2-11
Roof assembly - 5 door................................................................................................................... 77-2-12
Rear end panels ............................................................................................................................. 77-2-13
Door assemblies ............................................................................................................................. 77-2-14
WELDING PROCEDURES
ECU locations (3 door model shown, 5 door model similar) ........................................................... 77-2-15
General Welding Precautions ......................................................................................................... 77-2-16
PROCEDURES
Panel replacement procedure......................................................................................................... 77-2-19
REPAIRS
Front bulkhead assembly ............................................................................................................... 77-2-25
Bonnet locking platform .................................................................................................................. 77-2-27
Headlamp mounting panel .............................................................................................................. 77-2-28
Front lower crossmember .............................................................................................................. 77-2-29
Front sidemember (complete) ........................................................................................................ 77-2-30
Front sidemember (front section) ................................................................................................... 77-2-32
Front valance assembly ................................................................................................................. 77-2-33
Valance upper front ....................................................................................................................... 77-2-36
Valance front .................................................................................................................................. 77-2-37
Valance outer reinforcement .......................................................................................................... 77-2-39
'A' post - 3 door .............................................................................................................................. 77-2-40
'A' post - 5 door .............................................................................................................................. 77-2-41
Sill reinforcement - 3 door .............................................................................................................. 77-2-43
Sill reinforcement - 5 door .............................................................................................................. 77-2-44
'B/C' post reinforcement - 3 door ................................................................................................... 77-2-45
'B/C' post reinforcement - 5 door ................................................................................................... 77-2-46
Complete rear quarter - 3 door ...................................................................................................... 77-2-48
Complete rear quarter - 5 door ...................................................................................................... 77-2-50
Outer rear wheel arch - 3 door ....................................................................................................... 77-2-53
Outer rear wheel arch - 5 door ....................................................................................................... 77-2-54
Inner 'e' post - 3 door ..................................................................................................................... 77-2-55
Inner 'e' post - 5 door ..................................................................................................................... 77-2-56
Rear floor crossmember assembly ................................................................................................ 77-2-58
Rear floor ........................................................................................................................................ 77-2-59
Floor longitudinal ............................................................................................................................ 77-2-60
Front roof assembly - 3 door .......................................................................................................... 77-2-61
Rear roof assembly - 3 door .......................................................................................................... 77-2-61
Roof assembly - 5 door .................................................................................................................. 77-2-62
TIMES
TIME SCHEDULES ........................................................................................................................ 77-2-63
Page 28 of 1007
INTRODUCTION
01-3
Abbreviations and Symbols
A Amperes
AAP Ambient Air Pressure
AAT Ambient Air Temperature
ABDC After Bottom Dead Centre
ABS Anti-Lock Brake System
ABS / TC Anti-lock Brake System / Traction
Control
ac Alternating current
A/C Air Conditioning
ACE Active Cornering Enhancement
ACEA Association of Constructors of
European Automobiles
AFR Air Fuel Ratio
AP Ambient Pressure
ASC Anti-shunt Control
ATC Air Temperature Control
ATDC After Top Dead Centre
AUX Auxiliary
AVC Automatic Volume Control
BBDC Before Bottom Dead Centre
BBUS Battery Backed Up Sounder
BCU Body Control Unit
BDC Bottom Dead Centre
bhp Brake Horse Power
BP Boost Pressure
BPP Brake Pedal Position
BS British Standard
BTDC Before Top Dead Centre
BWD Backward
C Celsius
CAN Controller Area Network
CD Compact Disc
CDC Centre Differential Control
CDL Central Door Locking
CD - ROM Compact Disc - Read Only
Memory
CFC Chlorofluorocarbon
CHMSL Centre High Mounted Stop Lamp
CKP Crankshaft Position
CLV Calculated Load Value
cm Centimetre
cm
2Square centimetre
cm3Cubic centimetre
CMP Camshaft Position
CPP Clutch Pedal Position
CO Carbon Monoxide
CO
2Carbon Dioxide
COB Clear Over Base
CR Common Rail
CVS Canister Vent Solenoid
dB Decibels
DDM Driver's Door Module
deg. Degree, angle or temperature
DI Direct Injection
dia. DiameterDIN Deutsche Industrie Normen
(German Industrial Standards)
dc Direct current
DCV Directional Control Valve
DOHC Double Overhead Camshaft
DSP Digital Signal Processing
DTI Dial Test Indicator
DMF Dual Mass Flywheel
DVD Digital Versatile Disc
EACV Electronic Air Control Valve
EAT Electronic Automatic
Transmission
EBD Electronic Brake pressure
Distribution
ECD European Community Directive
ECM Engine Control Module
ECT Engine Coolant Temperature
ECU Electronic Control Unit
EDC Electronic Diesel Control
EEPROM Electronic Erasable
Programmable Read Only
Memory
EGR Exhaust Gas Recirculation
EKA Emergency Key Access
ELR Emergency Locking Retractor
EN European Norm
EOBD European On Board Diagnostics
EON Enhanced Other Network
ERL Electrical Reference Library
ETC Electronic Traction Control
EUI Electronic Unit Injector
EVAP Evaporative Emission
EVR Electronic Vacuum Regulator
F Fahrenheit
ft. Feet
FBH Fuel Burning Heater
FET Field Effect Transistor
FIP Fuel Injection Pump
FTC Fast Throttle Control
FWD Forward
> Greater than
g Gramme or Gravity
gal. Gallons
GMT Greenwich Mean Time
GPS Global Positioning System
hHour
hc High compression
HC Hydro Carbons
HDC Hill Descent Control
HDOP Height Dilation Of Precision
HDPE High Density Polyethylene
HFS Heated Front Screen
Hg Mercury
HO
2S Heated Oxygen Sensor
HMW High Molecular Weight
Page 33 of 1007
GENERAL INFORMATION
03-2
Environmental Protection Precautions
It is illegal to pour used oil on to the ground, down
sewers or drains, or into water courses.
Burning of used engine oil in small space heaters or
boilers should only be considered for units of
approved design and in compliance with the
equipment manufacturer's recommendations. The
heating system must meet the regulatory standards
of HMIP for small burners of less than 0.4 MW. If in
doubt check with the appropriate local authority and/
or manufacturer of the approved appliance.
Dispose of used oil and filters through authorised
waste disposal contractors and licensed waste
disposal sites, or through the waste oil reclamation
trade. If in doubt, contact the Local Authority for
advice on disposal facilities.
Safety instructions
Whenever possible, use a lift or pit when working
beneath vehicle, in preference to jacking. Chock
wheels as well as applying parking brake.
Jacking
Always use the recommended jacking points. The
recommended jacking points are shown in
theLIFTING AND TOWING sub-section of the
INFORMATION section.
Always ensure that any lifting apparatus has
sufficient load capacity for the weight to be lifted.
Ensure the vehicle is standing on level ground prior
to lifting or jacking.
Apply the handbrake and chock the wheels.
WARNING: Do not work on or under a vehicle
supported only by a jack. Always support the
vehicle on safety stands.
Do not leave tools, lifting equipment, spilt oil, etc.,
around or on the work bench area. Always keep a
clean and tidy work area.
Brake shoes and pads
Always fit the correct grade and specification of
brake linings. When renewing brake pads and brake
shoes always replace as complete axle sets only.
Page 44 of 1007
GENERAL INFORMATION
03-13
Self-locking bolts and screws
Self-locking bolts and screws, i.e. nylon patched or
trilobular thread can be re-used providing resistance
can be felt when the locking portion enters the
female thread.
Nylon patched bolts and screws have a locking agent
pre-applied to the threads. They are identified by the
presence of a coloured section of thread which
extends for up to 180° around the thread.
Trilobular bolts (i.e. Powerlok) have a special thread
form which creates a slight interference in the
tapped hole or threads of the nut into which it is
screwed.
DO NOT re-use self-locking fasteners in critical
locations (e.g. engine bearings, flywheel). Always
use the correct replacement self-locking nut, bolt or
screw.
DO NOT fit non self-locking fasteners in applications
where a self-locking nut, bolt or screw is specified.
Nut identification
Nut identification
A nut with an ISO metric thread is marked on one
face or on one of the flats of the hexagon with the
strength grade symbol 8, 12, or 14. Some nuts with a
strength grade 4, 5 or 6 are also marked and some
have the metric symbol M on the flat opposite the
strength grade marking.
A clock face system is sometimes used as an
alternative method of indicating the strength grade.
The external chamfers or a face of the nut is marked
in a position relative to the appropriate hour mark on
a clock face to indicate the strength grade.
A dot is used to locate the 12 o'clock position and a
dash to indicate the strength grade. If the grade is
above 12, two dots identify the 12 o'clock position.
When tightening a slotted or castellated nut, never
loosen it to insert a split pin except where
recommended as part of an adjustment. If difficulty is
experienced, alternative washers or nuts should be
selected, or the washer thickness reduced.
Where bearing pre-load is involved, nuts should be
tightened in accordance with special instructions.