sensor NISSAN TERRANO 2002 Service Repair Manual

Fuel Injection Timing System
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The fuel injection timing system determines the optimal fuel injection timing, based on engine speed, injection
quantity, engine coolant temperature and atmospheric pressure. The timing is formed by a basic value (Basic
Control) and two correction values. By performing a duty cycle signal on the timing control valve, the ECM
allows the valve to provide optimal injection timing. The ECM also performs feedback control on the timing
control valve using the signal from the needle lift sensor which detects the actual fuel injection timing.
BASIC CONTROL
Input/output signal line
Crankshaft position sensor (TDC)EEngine speed
ECM
E
Injection
timing con-
trol valve
Needle lift sensorEInjection timing
Control sleeve position sensor
EControl sleeve position
The optimal fuel injection timing data, predetermined in proportion
to engine speeds and amount of fuel injected, are stored in the
ECM memory. The ECM uses the data to control the fuel injection
timing.
HIGH ALTITUDE COMPENSATION
Input/output signal line
Crankshaft position sensorEEngine speed
ECM
E
Injection
timing
control
deviceControl sleeve position sensorEControl sleeve position
Atmospheric pressure sensor
EAtmospheric sensor
Needle lift sensor
EInjection timing
Fuel temperature sensor
EFuel temperatureEElectric
governor
For better drivability in high altitude areas, the fuel injection timing
is advanced and the fuel quantity is reduced according to the atmo-
spheric pressure.
SEF650S
ENGINE AND EMISSION BASIC CONTROL
SYSTEM DESCRIPTIONTD27Ti
EC-309

ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION (When starting)
Input/output signal line
Crankshaft position sensor (TDC)EEngine speed
ECM
E
Injection
timing con-
trol valveEngine coolant temperature sensorEEngine coolant temperature
Needle lift sensor
EIgnition timing
Ignition switch
EStart signal
For better startability under cool engine conditions, the fuel injec-
tion timing is compensated according to the engine coolant tem-
perature.
ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION (During driving)
Input/output signal line
Crankshaft position sensor (TDC)EEngine speed
ECM
EInjection
timing con-
trol valveEngine coolant temperature sensorEEngine coolant temperature
Needle lift sensor
EInjection timing
For better exhaust efficiency under cool engine conditions, the fuel
injection timing is controlled within a compensation range depend-
ing on the engine speed, engine coolant temperature and amount
of fuel injected.
MEC023E
SEF652S
ENGINE AND EMISSION BASIC CONTROL
SYSTEM DESCRIPTIONTD27Ti
Fuel Injection Timing System (Cont'd)
EC-310

Air Conditioning Cut Control
INPUT/OUTPUT SIGNAL LINE
Air conditioner switchEAir Conditioner ªONº signal
ECM
EAir Condi-
tioner relay
Accelerator position sensorEAccelerator valve opening angle
Vehicle speed sensor
EVehicle speed
Engine coolant temperature sensor
EEngine coolant temperature
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
This system improves acceleration when the air conditioner is used.
When the accelerator pedal is fully depressed, the air conditioner is turned off for a few seconds. When engine
coolant temperature becomes excessively high, the air conditioner is turned off. This continues until the cool-
ant temperature returns to normal.
Fuel Cut Control (at high engine speed)
INPUT/OUTPUT SIGNAL LINE
Crankshaft position sensor (TDC)EEngine speed
ECMEElectric
governor
If the engine speed is above 5,500 rpm fuel will be cut off to keep
engine within its working range.
NOTE:
This function is different from deceleration control and fuel cut
solenoid valve control.
Glow Control
INPUT/OUTPUT SIGNAL LINE
Engine coolant temperature sensorEEngine coolant temperature
ECMEGlow relayEGlow plug
Ignition switchEStart signalEGlow lamp
Glow plug is heated in three-stage that is pre-glow, intermediate-
glow and after-glow. Glow time changes depending on engine cool-
ant temperature.
ENGINE AND EMISSION BASIC CONTROL
SYSTEM DESCRIPTIONTD27Ti
EC-311

CAUTION:
IDo not disassemble No. 1 nozzle (with needle lift sensor).
Entrust disassembly or adjustment to BOSCH service
shop.
Plug flare nut with a cap or rag so that no dust enters the
nozzle. Cover nozzle tip for protection of needle.
Removal and Installation
1. Remove fuel injection tube and spill tube.
2. Remove injection nozzle assembly.
Also remove washers from nozzle end.
3. Install injection nozzle in the reverse order of removal.
Injection nozzle to engine:
:54-64N×m (5.5 - 6.5 kg-m, 40 - 47 ft-lb)
Injection nozzle to tube:
:20-25N×m (2.0 - 2.5 kg-m, 14 - 18 ft-lb)
a. Always clean the nozzle holes.
b. Always use new injection nozzle gasket.
c. Note that small washer should be installed in specified
direction.
d. Bleed air from fuel system.
Disassembly (No.2-4nozzle)
1. Loosen nozzle nut while preventing nozzle top from turning.
2. Arrange all disassembled parts in the order shown at left.
SEM621B
NEM244
NEF459
SEF785
MEC996D
INJECTION NOZZLETD27Ti
EC-313

ENGINE CONTROL COMPONENT PARTS/CONTROL SYSTEMS APPLICATION
ItemDIAGNOSTIC TEST MODE
SELF-DIAG-
NOSTIC
RESULTSD ATA
MONITORACTIVE
TEST
ENGINE CONTROL COMPONENT PARTS
INPUTCamshaft position sensor (PUMP) *1 X *2 X
Mass air flow sensor X X
Engine coolant temperature sensor X X
Control sleeve position sensor X X X
Fuel temperature sensor X X
Vehicle speed sensor X X
Accelerator position sensor X X
Accelerator position switch X
Crankshaft position sensor (TDC) X X
Needle lift sensor X X
Ignition switch (start signal) X
Ignition switch (ON signal) X X
Air conditioner switch X
Stop lamp switch X X
Brake switch 2 X X
Battery voltage X
OUTPUTInjection timing control valve X X X
Fuel cut solenoid valve X X X
Air conditioner relay X *2 X
Glow relay X X X
EGRC-solenoid valve A X X X
EGRC-solenoid valve B X X X
Throttle control solenoid valve X X X
X: Applicable
*1 Imaginary sensor, which produces secondary engine revolution signal using needle lift sensor pulse.
*2 CONSULT-II may not display, but self-diagnostic results are available with MI.
ON BOARD DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM DESCRIPTIONTD27Ti
CONSULT-II (Cont'd)
EC-328

SELF-DIAGNOSTIC MODE
Regarding items detected in ªSELF-DIAG RESULTSº mode, refer to ªTROUBLE DIAGNOSIS Ð INDEXº,
EC-293.
DATA MONITOR MODE
Monitored item
[Unit]ECM
input
signalsMain
signalsDescription Remarks
CKPS×RPM
(TDC) [rpm]
qq
IThe engine speed computed from the
crankshaft position sensor (TDC) signal
is displayed.
CMPS×RPM -
PUMP [rpm]
qqIThe engine speed computed from the
needle lift sensor signal is displayed.
COOLAN TEMP/S
[ÉC] or [ÉF]
qq
IThe engine coolant temperature (deter-
mined by the signal voltage of the engine
coolant temperature sensor) is displayed.IWhen the engine coolant temperature
sensor is open or short-circuited, ECM
enters fail-safe mode. The same data as
the fuel temperature is displayed.
VHCL SPEED SE
[km/h] or [mph]
qqIThe vehicle speed computed from the
vehicle speed sensor signal is displayed.
FUEL TEMP SEN
[ÉC] or [ÉF]
qq
IThe fuel temperature (determined by the
signal voltage of the fuel temperature
sensor) is displayed.
ACCEL POS SEN [V]
qqIThe accelerator position sensor signal
voltage is displayed.
OFF ACCEL POS
[ON/OFF]
qqIIndicates [ON/OFF] condition from the
accelerator position switch signal.ISignal at approximately 9É opened.
C/SLEEV POS/S [V]
qqIThe control sleeve position sensor signal
voltage is displayed.
BATTERY VOLT [V]
qqIThe power supply voltage of ECM is dis-
played.
START SIGNAL
[ON/OFF]
qqIIndicates [ON/OFF] condition from the
starter signal.IAfter starting the engine, [OFF] is dis-
played regardless of the starter signal.
AIR COND SIG
[ON/OFF]
qq
IIndicates [ON/OFF] condition of the air
conditioner switch as determined by the
air conditioner signal.
BRAKE SW
[ON/OFF]
qIIndicates [ON/OFF] condition of the stop
lamp switch.
BRAKE SW2
[ON/OFF]
qIIndicates [ON/OFF] condition of the
brake switch 2.
IGN SW
[ON/OFF]
qqIIndicates [ON/OFF] condition from igni-
tion switch.
MAS AIR/FL SE [V]
qqIThe signal voltage of the mass air flow
sensor is displayed.IWhen the engine is stopped, a certain
value is indicated.
ACT INJ TIMG [É]
q
IThe actual injection timing angle deter-
mined by the ECM (an approximate aver-
age angle between injection start and
end from TDC) is displayed.
TARGET F/INJ
[mm
3/stroke]qIThe target fuel injection quantity (deter-
mined by the ECM according to the input
signal) is indicated.
NOTE:
Any monitored item that does not match the vehicle being diagnosed is deleted from the display automatically.
ON BOARD DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM DESCRIPTIONTD27Ti
CONSULT-II (Cont'd)
EC-329

ACTIVE TEST MODE
TEST ITEM CONDITION JUDGEMENT CHECK ITEM (REMEDY)
TARGET F/INJIEngine: Return to the original
trouble condition.
IFix the target injection quantity
using CONSULT-II.If trouble symptom disappears, see
CHECK ITEMIControl sleeve position sensor.
FUEL CUT SOL/VIIgnition switch: ON
ITurn solenoid valve ªONº and
ªOFFº with the CONSULT-II and
listen to operating sound.Solenoid valve makes an operating
sound.IHarness and connector
ISolenoid valve
EGRC SOL/V AIIgnition switch: ON
ITurn solenoid valve ªONº and
ªOFFº with the CONSULT-II and
listen to operating sound.Solenoid valve makes an operating
sound.IHarness and connector
ISolenoid valve
EGRC SOL/V BIIgnition switch: ON
ITurn solenoid valve ªONº and
ªOFFº with the CONSULT-II and
listen to operating sound.Solenoid valve makes an operating
sound.IHarness and connector
ISolenoid valve
THROT CONT
SOL/VIIgnition switch: ON
ITurn solenoid valve ªONº and
ªOFFº with the CONSULT-II and
listen to operating sound.Solenoid valve makes an operating
sound.IHarness and connector
ISolenoid valve
GLOW RLYIIgnition switch: ON (Engine
stopped)
ITurn the glow relay ªONº and
ªOFFº using CONSULT-II and
listen to operating sound.Glow relay makes the operating
sound.IHarness and connector
IGlow relay
INJ TIMINGIEngine: Return to the original
trouble condition
IRetard the injection timing using
CONSULT-II.If trouble symptom disappears, see
CHECK ITEM.IAdjust initial injection timing
ON BOARD DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM DESCRIPTIONTD27Ti
CONSULT-II (Cont'd)
EC-331

Introduction
The engine has an ECM to control major systems such as fuel
injection control, fuel injection timing control, glow control system,
etc. The ECM accepts input signals from sensors and instantly
drives electronic fuel injection pump. It is essential that both input
and output signals are correct and stable. It is also important that
there are no problems such as vacuum leaks, with the engine.
It is much more difficult to diagnose a problem that occurs intermit-
tently rather than continuously. Most intermittent problems are
caused by poor electric connections or faulty wiring. In this case,
careful checking of suspected circuits may help prevent the unnec-
essary replacement of good parts.
A visual check may not be sufficient to determine the cause of the
problems. An active road test with CONSULT-II or a circuit tester
connected should be performed. Follow the ªWork Flowº on the
next page.
Before undertaking actual checks, take a few minutes to talk with
a customer who approaches with a driveability complaint. The cus-
tomer can supply important information about such problems,
especially intermittent ones. Find out what symptoms are present
and under what conditions they occur. A ªDiagnostic Worksheetº
like the example on the next page should be used.
Start your diagnosis by looking for ªconventionalº problems first.
This will help troubleshoot driveability problems on a vehicle with
an electronically controlled engine.
SEF858S
SEF233G
SEF234G
TROUBLE DIAGNOSESTD27Ti
EC-334

Description for Work Flow
STEP DESCRIPTION
STEP IGet detailed information about the conditions and the environment when the incident/symptom occurred using the
ªDIAGNOSTIC WORKSHEETº as shown on the next page.
STEP IIBefore confirming the concern, check and write down (print out using CONSULT-II) the Diagnostic Trouble Code
(DTC), then erase the code. (Refer to EC-321). The DTC can be used when duplicating the incident at STEP III &
IV.
Study the relationship between the cause, specified by DTC, and the symptom described by the customer. (The
ªSymptom Matrix Chartº will be useful. Refer to EC-340.)
STEP IIITry to confirm the symptom and under what conditions the incident occurs.
The ªDIAGNOSTIC WORK SHEETº is useful to verify the incident. Connect CONSULT-II to the vehicle in DATA
MONITOR (AUTO TRIG) mode and check real time diagnosis results.
If the malfunction code is detected, skip STEP IV and perform STEP V.
STEP IVTry to detect the Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) by driving in (or performing) the ªDTC CONFIRMATION PROCE-
DUREº. Check and read the DTC by using CONSULT-II.
During the DTC verification, be sure to connect CONSULT-II to the vehicle in DATA MONITOR (AUTO TRIG) mode
and check real time diagnosis results.
In case the ªDTC CONFIRMATION PROCEDUREº is not available, perform the ªOVERALL FUNCTION CHECKº
instead. The DTC cannot be displayed by this check, however, this simplified ªcheckº is an effective alternative.
The ªNGº result of the ªOVERALL FUNCTION CHECKº is the same as the DTC detection.
STEP VTake the appropriate action based on the results of STEP I through IV.
If the malfunction code is indicated, proceed to TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS FOR DTC.
If the normal code is indicated, proceed to the BASIC INSPECTION. Refer to EC-338. Then perform inspections
according to the Symptom Matrix Chart. Refer to EC-340.
STEP VIIdentify where to begin diagnosis based on the relationship study between symptom and possible causes. Inspect
the system for mechanical binding, loose connectors or wiring damage using (tracing) ªHarness Layoutsº.
Gently shake the related connectors, components or wiring harness with CONSULT-II set in ªDATA MONITOR
(AUTO TRIG)º mode.
Check the voltage of the related ECM terminals or monitor the output data from the related sensors with CON-
SULT-II. Refer to EC-346.
The ªDIAGNOSTIC PROCEDUREº in EC section contains a description based on open circuit inspection. A short
circuit inspection is also required for the circuit check in the DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE.
Repair or replace the malfunctioning parts.
STEP VIIOnce you have repaired the circuit or replaced a component, you need to run the engine in the same conditions
and circumstances which resulted in the customer's initial complaint.
Perform the ªDTC CONFIRMATION PROCEDUREº and confirm the normal code (Diagnostic trouble code No. 55)
is detected. If the incident is still detected in the final check, perform STEP VI by using a different method from the
previous one.
Before returning the vehicle to the customer, be sure to erase the unnecessary (already fixed) DTC in ECM. (Refer
to EC-321.)
TROUBLE DIAGNOSESTD27Ti
EC-337

SYSTEM Ð Engine control system Malfunction
SYMPTOM
Reference page Feature of symptom
Check point
HARD/NO START/
RESTART (EXCP. HA) ENGINE STALL HESITATION/SURGING/FLAT SPOT SPARK KNOCK/DETONATION
LACK OF POWER
POOR ACCELERATION
HI IDLE
LOW IDLE
ROUGH IDLE/HUNTING
IDLING VIBRATION
SLOW/NO RETURN TO IDLE
OVERHEAT/HIGH ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE
EXCESSIVE FUEL CONSUMPTION
EXCESSIVE OIL CONSUMPTION ABNORMAL SMOKE COLOR
DEAD BATTERY (UNDER CHARGE) Malfunction indicator lamp illuminates.
Can be detected by CONSULT-II?
Fuel cut
NO START (with first firing) NO START (without first firing)
HARD TO START WHEN ENGINE IS COLD
HARD TO START WHEN ENGINE IS HOT
AT IDLE
DURING DRIVING
WHEN DECELERATINGBLACK SMOKE WHITE SMOKE
New CT/CS AA AB AC AD AE AF AG AH AJ AK AL AM AP HA
Mass air flow sensor circuit open, ground shortqqq q
EC-356
shortqqq
Engine coolant temperature sensor
circuit open, shortqqq qqq qqEC-361Compensation according to
engine coolant temperature does
not function.
Vehicle speed sensor circuit open, shortqqEC-397
Control sleeve position sensor circuit open, shortqqqqqqEC-414
Injection timing control valve circuit
open, shortqqq
EC-380Injection timing cannot be con-
trolled.
ground shortqq
Accelerator switch (F/C) circuit open, shortqqq
EC-365
ground shortqq
Needle lift sensor circuit open, shortqqqEC-427
Fuel cut solenoid valve circuit open, ground shortq qqqq
EC-376
shortqqqEngine runs on after turning igni-
tion switch OFF.
Fuel temperature sensor circuit
open, shortqq qq qq qq q qEC-372Compensation for amount of fuel
injected according to fuel tem-
perature does not function.
Accelerator position sensor circuit open, shortqqq qqEC-365
Crankshaft position sensor (TDC) cir-
cuitopen, shortqq qq
EC-385
noiseqqqqq
TROUBLE DIAGNOSESTD27Ti
Symptom Matrix Chart (Cont'd)
EC-341