ESP OPEL FRONTERA 1998 Workshop Manual

6E–226
4JX1–TC ENGINE DRIVEABILITY AND EMISSIONS
0018
Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor
The manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor responds
to changes in intake manifold pressure. The MAP sensor
signal voltage to the ECM varies from below 2 volts at idle
(high vacuum) to above 4 volts.
The MAP sensor is used to determine the following:
Boost pressure for injector control.
Barometric pressure (BARO).
If the ECM detects a voltage that is lower than the
possible range of the MAP sensor, DTC P0107 will be set.
A signal voltage higher than the possible range of the
sensor will set DTC P0108. An intermittent low or high
voltage will set DTC P1107 or DTC P1106, respectively.
The ECM can detect a shifted MAP sensor. The ECM
compares the MAP sensor signal to a calculated MAP
based on throttle position and various engine load factors.
If the ECM detects a MAP signal that varies excessively
above or below the calculated value, DTC P0106 will set.
Engine Control Module (ECM)
The engine control module (ECM) is located in the engine
room.
The ECM constantly observes the information from
various sensors. The ECM controls the systems that
affect vehicle performance. The ECM performs the
diagnostic function of the system. It can recognize
operational problems, alert the driver through the MIL
(Service Engine Soon lamp), and store diagnostic trouble
codes (DTCs). DTCs identify the problem areas to aid the
technician in making repairs.
ECM Function
The ECM supplies 5, 12 and 110 volts to power various
sensors or switches. The power is supplied through
resistances in the ECM which are so high in value that a
test light will not light when connected to the circuit. In
some cases, even an ordinary shop voltmeter will not give
an accurate reading because its resistance is too low.
Therefore, a digital voltmeter with at least 10 megohms
input impedance is required to ensure accurate voltage
readings. The ECM controls output circuits such as theinjectors, glow relays, etc., by controlling the ground or
the power feed circuit through transistors or through
either of the following two devices:
Output Driver Module (ODM)
Quad Driver Module (QDM)
ECM Components
The ECM is designed to maintain exhaust emission levels
to government mandated standards while providing
excellent driveability and fuel efficiency. The ECM
monitors numerous engine and vehicle functions via
electronic sensors such as the crankshaft position (CKP)
sensor, and vehicle speed sensor (VSS). The ECM also
controls certain engine operations through the following:
Fuel injector control
Rail pressure control
ECM Voltage Description
The ECM supplies a buffered voltage to various switches
and sensors. It can do this because resistance in the
ECM is so high in value that a test light may not illuminate
when connected to the circuit. An ordinary shop
voltmeter may not give an accurate reading because the
voltmeter input impedance is too low. Use a 10-megohm
input impedance digital voltmeter to assure accurate
voltage readings.
The input/output devices in the ECM include
analog-to-digital converters, signal buffers, counters,
and special drivers. The ECM controls most components
with electronic switches which complete a ground circuit
when turned “ON.” These switches are arranged in
groups of 4 and 7, called either a surface-mounted quad
driver module (QDM), which can independently control up
to 4 output terminals, or QDMs which can independently
control up to 7 outputs. Not all outputs are always used.
ECM Input/Outputs
Inputs – Operating Conditions Read
Air Conditioning “ON” or “OFF”
Engine Coolant Temperature
Crankshaft Position
Electronic Ignition
Manifold Absolute Pressure
Battery Voltage
Intake Throttle Position
Vehicle Speed
Fuel Temperature
Oil Temperature
Intake Air Temperature
EGR boost pressure
Oil rail pressure
Camshaft Position
Accelerator position
Outputs – Systems Controlled
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
Injector Control
QWS

ENGINE EXHAUST 6F – 3
ON-VEHICLE SERVICE
FRONT EXHAUST PIPE
Rattles and noise vibrations in the exhaust system are
usually caused by misalignment of parts. When aligning
the system, leave all bolts or nuts loose until all parts
are properly aligned; then tighten, working from front to
rear.
1. Check connections for looseness or damage,
especially for exhaust gas leakage.
2. Check clamps and rubbers for weakness, cracks or
damage.3. If any part of the converter heat shield is damaged
or dented to the extent that it contacts the catalyst,
repair or replace.
4. Check for dents or damage and for any holes or
cracks caused by corrosion.
3
2 1
Legend
(1) Front exhaust pipe
(2) Center exhaust pipe
(3) Mounting rubber
150RW071

7A–29 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION (4L30–E)
Changing Transmission Fluid
There is no need to change the transmission fluid unless
the transmission is used under one or more of the
following heavy duty conditions.
A. Repeated short trips
B. Driving on rough roads
C. Driving on dusty roads
D. Towing a trailer
If the vehicle is used under these conditions, change the
fluid every 20,000 miles (32,000 km).
More over, the remaining life percentage of ATF can be
estimated by using Tech 2 as an auxiliary tool to judge the
right time for ATF replacement.
The remaining life percentage is calculated from ATF’S
heat history. When it is close to 0%, ATF replacement is
recommended.
1. Place a large drain pan under the oil pan.
2. Remove the transmission oil drain screw (2) and drain
fluid.
3. Tighten drain screw (2).
Torque: 38 N
m (3.9 kgꞏm/28 lb ft)
4. Remove the transmission overfill screw (1) and fill
transmission through overfill screw opening, using
DEXRON
–III ATF.
NOTE: Add transmission fluid until it flows out over the
overfill screw opening.
5. Let engine idle until a fluid temperature between 32
C
(90
F) and 57C (135F) is reached.
6. Add transmission fluid until it flows out over the overfill
screw opening, then close the overfill screw (1).
Torque: 38 N
m (3.9 kgꞏm/28 lb ft)NOTE: To prevent fluid leaks, the overfill screw and oil
drain screws gasket must be replaced each time these
screws are removed.
NOTE: Check transmission fluid temperature with
service scan tool.
7. Reset “Oil Life Monitor” data by using Tech 2.
Refer to Tech 2 OBD II Connector in Transmission
Control System (4L30-E) Section.
242RW003
Selector Lever
Inspection
1. Make sure that when the selector lever is shifted from
“P” to “L”, a “clicking” can be felt at each shift position.
Make sure that the gear corresponds to that of the
position plate indicator.
2. Check to see if the selector lever can be shifted as
shown in illustration.
C07RW009

7A–39 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION (4L30–E)
Solenoid (Main Case Valve Body)
Removal
1. Raise the vehicle and support it on jack stands.
2. Disconnect battery ground cable.
3. Remove transfer and exhaust protectors.
4. Drain fluid.
5. Remove exhaust pipe and disconnect oxygen sensor
connector.
6. Support transfer case with a jack and remove third
crossmember.
7. Remove sixteen 10 mm screws, main case oil pan,
magnet, and gasket.
8. Remove three 13 mm screws, oil filter.
9. Disconnect wiring harness from band control
solenoid and shift solenoids. Pull only on connectors,
not on wiring harness.
10. Remove spring pin for shift solenoid A, shift solenoid
B, and band control solenoid respectively, using
suitable pliers taking care not to damage solenoids.
210RW010
244RW003
11. Remove shift solenoid A, shift solenoid B, band
control solenoid, and gaskets from main case valve
body. Do not pull on wiring harness. Remove
solenoids by grasping the metal tip.
Installation
1. Install shift solenoid A, shift solenoid B, band control
solenoid with new gaskets to main case valve body
respectively.
2. Carefully install spring pin with hammer to avoid
damage to valve body, etc.
243RW004
3. Connect wiring harness to solenoids.
4. Install oil filter with a new gasket and the three 13 mm
screws. Tighten the screws to the specified torque.
To r q u e : 2 0 N
m (2.0 kgꞏm/15 lb ft)
5. Install magnet, main case oil pan with new gasket,
sixteen 10 mm screws. Tighten the screws to the
specified torque.
To r q u e : 11 N
m (1.1 kgꞏm/96 lb in)
6. Install third crossmember and rear mount nuts.
Tighten the nuts and bolts to the specified torque.
Third crossmember bolt: 76 N
m
(7.8 kgꞏm/56 lb ft)
Rear mount nut: 50 N
m (5.1 kgꞏm/37 lb ft)
7. Install exhaust pipe and connect oxygen sensor
connector. Tighten the bolts to the specified torque.
Exhaust pipe flange bolt torque:
43 N
m(4.4kgꞏm/32lbft)
8. Install the transfer and exhaust protectors. Tighten
the bolts to the specified torque.
Torque: 37 N
m (3.8 kgꞏm/27 lb ft)
9. Fill transmission through the overfill screw hole of oil
pan, using ATF DEXRON
–III. Refer to Changing
Transmission Fluid in this section.
10. Connect the battery ground cable.

AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION (AW30-40LE) 7A–7
CONTROL AND FUNCTIONS
Item Description
Shift and lock-up control • In D range, speed change point and Lock-up point can be changed by
setting pattern selection switch to "POWER", "NORMAL" or "WINTER"
mode.
• Gear shift position in the conditions made up of transmission shift positions
(D.2.L) combined with pattern selection switch (POWER, NORMAL, and
WINTER) can be controlled in accordance with vehicle speed and the
opening of throttle valve.
Overdrive cut control • If O/D OFF switch is set on in D range (O/D OFF lamp ON), gear shift to O/
D is not effected.
• Overdrive is released at O/D OFF switch on and high transmission oil
temperature (More than 130
C).
However, to prevent engine over revolution
•4
3 shifting at vehicle speed is less than 118 km/h.
•3
4 shifting at vehicle speed is more than 131 km/h.
Lock-up cut control • In D range, 3rd or O/D lock-up is conducted in "POWER" or "NORMAL"
mode.
• In 2, L range, lock-up is off in the whole area.
• Lock-up timing is controlled to reduce gear shift shock using kind of gear
shift (shift up, etc.) lock-up status at the time of gear shift judgement, gear
step and throttle opening after gear shift.
• Lock-up is released at brake on or high transmission oil temperature (More
than 130
C).
• Lock-up is prohibited when idling is defected by throttle position sensor.
Driving mode select control • The TCM selects a suitable driving mode from the nine kinds for the variety
driving condition.
i) Economy mode ii) Power mode iii) Winter mode iv) HOT1 mode v) HOT2
mode vi) L4 mode vii) Slope mode (Up slope 1, Up slope 2 and Down
slope mode)
• The priority of driving mode:
Economy < Power < Slope < L4 < Winter < HOT1 < HOT2
Squat control • When the TCM detects D signal on, the TCM controls 1–3–1 shift by
setting a timer, in order to improve the shift feel at N
D.
Line pressure control • The TCM output current which corresponds to throttle oil pressure to
pressure control solenoid based on throttle opening.
Indicate oil temperature warning
function• If the transmission oil temperature sensor senses that transmission oil
temperature is greater than 146
C, the TCM turn on A/T OIL TEMP
warning lamp. (The warning lamp is turned off, if oil temperature is less
than 126
C.)
L4 mode control • The TCM judges whether the transfer is engaged in high or low based on
the ratio rpm data from output speed sensor in the transmission and the
rpm data from speed meter sensor to select the shift map.
Up and down hill control • The TCM judges up and down hill, and change shift pattern based on
throttle opening and acceleration.
Correct oil temperature control • If the temperature exceeds a predetermined value, the TCM selects the
high oil temperature shift point for downshifting, thus preventing the oil
temperature from rising. (More than 130
C, D range)

AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION (AW30-40LE) 7A–11
OPERATION OF CLUTCH, BRAKE AND ONE-WAY CLUTCH
:Operating :Free at coast down :Operating at Lock-up
(1*): Down-shift only in the L range and 2nd
gear - no up-shift.
(2*): Down-shift only in the L range and 3rd gear - no up-shift.
SPEED CHANGE AND LOCK-UP PATTERN
If you select a speed range and a lock-up pattern as shown below by specifying respective positions of transmission
shift lever, transfer shift lever and pattern select switch, the transmission control computer controls speed change and
lock-up operations based on the specified pattern in accordance with the degree of throttle opening and vehicle speed.

: The lock-up operation is available.
( ): Transmission is shifted at high speed to prevent overrun.
Shift lever
positionGear positionC-0C-1C-2B-0B-1B-2B-3F-0F-1F-2S-1S-2S-3
PParking
RReverse
NNeutral
D1st
2nd
3rd
O/D
21st
2nd
3rd
L1st
(1*) 2nd
(2*) 3rd
Pattern select sw.
positionTransmission shift position
D
2L
Overdrive OFF switch
OFF Overdrive OFF switch
ON
NORMAL
POWER1st
2nd 1st 2nd 1st2nd(3rd) 1st(2nd)(3rd)
WINTER 3rd fixed──

7A–26 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION (AW30-40LE)
DTC P0120 (FLASHING CODE 21) ANALOG THROTTLE SIGNAL FAILURE (VTH)
D07RY00023Circuit description:
When the signal of the engine throttle position sensor
located on the accelerator pedal is supplied to the TCM,
the TCM judges the opening condition of the throttle.
The shift point of the transmission is determined by this
opening condition of the throttle.
Fail-safe control:
The TCM controls fail-safe by detecting analog throttle
signal (VTH) failure.
Failure detection:
•When the throttle input voltage is detected less than
0.112V or more than 4.417V for 2.0 seconds.
Contents of control:
At failure detection
•Throttle opening for line pressure control ... Throttle
opening 100%
•Throttle opening for shift control ... Throttle opening
0%
•Lock-up control inhibit
•Up hill and down hill control inhibit
•Squat control inhibit
At failure decision
Executes following items in addition to above control
items at failure detection.
•Blinks "CHECK TRANS" lamp
•Stores the failure information in failure-memory
Conditions of turning "CHECK TRANS" lamp off:
Turns “CHECK TRANS” lamp off when judged 0km/h by
output revolution sensor after throttle signal input voltage
is detected more than 0.112V and less than 4.717V.
(however, uses 0 km/h judgment by back-up vehicle
speed at output revolution failure)Reversion conditions from fail-safe:
At failure detection
Immediately recovers when the throttle input voltage
is detected more than 0.112V and less than 4.717V.
At failure decision
Recovers at the same time as the conditions of
turning “CHECK TRANS” lamp off are satisfied.
Test description:
The following numbers correspond to circled numbers on
the diagnostic char t.
(1) Check that the throttle input voltage is 0.25 to 0.45V.
(2)At this test, check that as the throttle opens, the
voltage goes up and that the voltage reaches 3.74 to
4.56V at the full open status.
(3) Check the power supply voltage (4.75 – 5.25V) of the
throttle position sensor.
Diagnostic aids:
An intermittent may be caused by a poor connection,
rubbed through wire insulation or a wire broken inside
the insulation. Inspect related harness connector for
backed out terminals, improper mating, broken locks,
improperly formed or damaged terminals, poor terminal
to wire connection and damaged harness.

7A–28 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION (AW30-40LE)
DTC P0502 (FLASHING CODE 24) SPEED METER SENSOR FAILURE (SP1)
D07RY00024Circuit description:
Speed information is provided by the speed meter sensor
to the meter.
In the meter, the pulses of the speed meter sensor are
converted to speed signals (pulses), and these signals
are output to the TCM. The TCM converts these pulse
voltages to km/h signals.
Fail-safe control:
The TCM controls fail-safe by detecting speed meter
signal failure.
Failure detection:
• When not even 1 pulse is input in the speed meter
signal during the time 100 pulses are input in the
output revolution sensor signal.
• When not even 1 pulse is input in the speed meter
signal during the time 27 pulses are input in the
output revolution sensor signal.
Contents of control:
At failure detection
•Keeps the condition of transfer (High/Low judgment)
just before detection until vehicle speed is 0km/h,
and changes shift map to L4 map (3
4 UP None) at
vehicle speed is 0km/h.
•Uses high oil temperature map according to shift
map priority at correct oil temperature control.
• Up hill and down hill control inhibit.
• Stores the failure information in failure -memory.
• The failure detection of oil temperature sensor inhibit
At failure decision
Executes following items in adition to above control
items at failure detection.
•Blinks "CHECK TRANS" lamp
Conditions of turning "CHECK TRANS" lamp off:
Turns "CHECK TRANS" lamp off when judged 0km/h by
speed meter sensor after more than 1 pulse are input in
the speed meter signal during the time 27 pulses areinput in the output revolution sensor.
Reversion conditions from fail-safe:
At failure detection and decision
Recovers at the same time as the conditions of turning
“CHECK TRANS” lamp off are satisfied.
Test description:
The following numbers correspond to circled numbers on
the diagnostic char t.
(1) The cause of DTC P0502 setting is due to the
operation fault of the speed meter.
(2) Speed signals are output from the meter. The sensor
power supply is given from the TCM.
Diagnostic aids:
An intermittent may be caused by a poor connection,
rubbed through wire insulation or a wire broken inside
the insulation. Inspect related harness connector for
backed out terminals, improper mating, broken locks,
improperly formed or damaged terminals, poor terminal
to wire connection and damaged harness.

7A–30 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION (AW30-40LE)
DTC P0705 (FLASHING CODE 17) GEAR SELECTOR FAILURE (PRND2L)
D07RY00022Circuit description:
The neutral start switch gives the signals related to the
selector lever position (PRND2L) to the Transmission
Control Module (TCM). The neutral star t switch turns on
when the select lever is shifted to the P, R, N, D, 2 or L
range. The neutral star t switch, which is connected to the
starter switch circuit, is available only when the select
lever is in the P or N range
The neutral start switch is connected to the transmission
manual shaft and installed in the transmission case.
Fail-safe condition:
The TCM controls fail-safe by detecting selector position
switch fail ure.
Failure detection:
(1) OPEN:
• When all switches are OFF
• When the failure criteria continues for 30 seconds
if the vehicle speed which is calculated by output
revolution sensor is more than 30 km/h and the
engine revolution is more than 1500 rpm.
(2) SHORT:
• When more than two switches are ON at the same
time.
• When the failure criteria condition for 10 seconds.
Contents of control:
At failure detection
(1) OPEN: D range judgment
(2) SHORT: Judged by priority D>2>L>R>N>P
•Up hill and down hill control inhibit
•Winter mode inhibitAt failure decision
Excutes following items in addition to above control
items at failure detection.
•Blinks "CHECK TRANS" lamp
•Stores the failure information in failure-memory
•Reverse lockout control inhibit
Conditions of turning “CHECK TRANS” off:
Turns “CHECK TRANS” lamp off when only one of all
switches is ON.
Reversion conditions from fail-safe:
Turns “CHECK TRANS” lamp off when only one of all
switches is ON.
Test description:
The following numbers correspond to circled numbers on
the diagnostic char t.
(1) It is judged whether the input signal received from
the neutral star t switch by the TCM is proper or not.
(2)The power status of the neutral start switch is
checked.
(3) The continuity between neutral star t switch terminals
and the continuity of the wire connected to the
neutral start switch are checked.
Diagnostic aids:
An intermittent may be caused by a poor connection,
rubbed through wire insulation or a wire broken inside
the insulation. Inspect related harness connector for
backed out terminals, improper mating, broken locks,
improperly formed or damaged terminals, poor terminal
to wire connection and damaged harness.

7A–32 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION (AW30-40LE)
DTC P0710 (FLASHING CODE 16) OIL TEMPERATURE SENSOR FAILURE (OT2)
D07RY00021Circuit description:
The oil temperature sensor is a thermistor sensor that is
installed in the transmission case and converts
temperature changes into continuous electric signals,
then outputs them to the Transmission Control Module
(TCM). When the ATF temperature is low, the resistance
of the sensor (thermistor) goes up, so that the voltage of
the TCM signal becomes high.
As the ATF is gradually warmed, the resistance of the
sensor goes down and the voltage becomes low. At the
normal operating ATF temperature (80
C/176F) of the
transmission, the voltage of the TCM is about 3.7V.
Fail-safe condition:
The TCM controls fail-safe by detecting oil temperature
sensor failure.
Failure detection:
Short detection
• When the A/D value is detected less than 10
(220
C) for 5 minutes continuously while normal
judgment is not satisfied from ignition on.
Open detection
• After 15 minites passed when the engine revolution
is more than 400 rpm and the selector position
switch is selected on R, D, 2, L range.
• When the change of the A/D value from engine
star t is less than 15 and the minnum A/D value is
more than 1000 (-10
C) from engine star t.
Contents of control:
At failure detection
• Changes shift map to HOT2 map
• Controls as A/T oil temperature 200
C
• Lock-up control inhibit
• Up hill and down hill control inhibit
• Blinks "CHECK TRANS" lamp
• Stores the failure information in failure-memoryAt failure decision
Same as failure detection.
Conditions of turning "CHECK TRANS" off:
Turns "CHECK TRANS" lamp off when judged 0km/h by
output revolution sensor after the normal area of oil
temperature 40
C – 150C is detected for 10 sec
continuously.
Reversion conditions from fail-safe:
Recovers at the same time as the conditions of turning
“CHECK TRANS” lamp off are satisfied.
Test description:
The following numbers correspond to circled numbers on
the diagnostic char t.
(1) Check that the voltage of the oil temperature sensor
varies with ATF temperatures.
(2) Check that the resistance of the oil temperature
sensor varies with ATF temperatures.
Diagnostic aids:
An intermittent may be caused by a poor connection,
rubbed through wire insulation or a wire broken inside
the insulation. Inspect related harness connector for
backed out terminals, improper mating, broken locks,
improperly formed or damaged terminals, poor terminal
to wire connection and damaged harness.