SMART FORTWO 2016 User Guide

High-beam headlamps ................. 69
Light switch ............................. 67
Low-beam headlamps .................. 68
Parking lamps ........................... 68
Rear fog lamp ........................... 68
Setting the brightness of the
ambient lighting (on-board
computer) ............................... 116
Turn signals ............................. 68
see Interior lighting
see Replacing bulbs
Loading guidelines ....................... 142
Locking
see Central locking
Locking (doors)
Automatic ................................ 55
Emergency locking ..................... 55
From inside (central locking
button) .................................... 54
Locking centrally
see Central locking
Loudspeaker
see Subwoofer
Low-beam headlamps
Changing bulbs ......................... 72
Switching on/off ....................... 68
Lubricant additives
see Additives (engine oil)
M
M+S tires (winter tires) ................. 179
Malfunction message
see Display messages
Manual transmission
Engaging reverse gear ................ 91
Gear lever ................................ 91
Malfunction (on-board computer
with a color display) ................. 130
Pulling away ............................. 88
Shift recommendation ................. 91
Shifting to neutral .................... 91
Starting the engine ................... 88
Manually releasing the selector
lever lock (automatic transmis-
sion) ........................................... 97
Matte finish (cleaning instruc-
tions) ......................................... 156 Message memory (color display)
....... 113
Message memory (on-board com-
puter) ......................................... 113
Messages
see Display messages
Mirrors
see Exterior mirrors
see Rear-view mirror
Mobile phone
Frequencies ............................ 204
Installation ............................ 204
Transmission output (maximum) .. 204
Model series
see Vehicle identification plate
Mounting wheels
Lowering the vehicle ................ 200
Mounting a new wheel ................ 199
Preparing the vehicle ............... 197
Raising the vehicle .................. 197
Removing a wheel ..................... 199
Securing the vehicle against
rolling away ............................ 197
Multi-functional seat
see Seats
Multifunction steering wheel
Overview ................................. 25
N
Notes on breaking-in a new vehicle ... 86
O
Occupant Classification System
(OCS)
Conditions ............................... 36
Faults ..................................... 40
Operation ................................ 37
System self-test ........................ 39
Occupant safety
Children in the vehicle .............. 42
Important safety notes ................ 29
Introduction to the restraint
system ..................................... 29
Occupant Classification System
(OCS) ...................................... 36
PASSENGER AIR BAG indicator
lamps ...................................... 30
Pets in the vehicle .................... 46
Index9

Restraint system warning lamp ..... 30
Seat belt .................................. 31
OCS
Conditions ............................... 36
Faults ..................................... 40
Operation ................................ 37
System self-test ........................ 39
Odometer ..................................... 112
Oil
see Engine oil
On-board computer
Displaying a service message ..... 154
Important safety notes ............... 109
Menu overview .......................... 111
Message memory ....................... 113
Messages menu ......................... 113
Operating (color display) ........... 111
Operation ............................... 111
Selecting the language .............. 117
Service menu ........................... 113
Settings menu .......................... 114
Submenu display ....................... 115
On-board diagnostic interface
see Diagnostics connection
Operating safety
Declaration of conformity ........... 19
Important safety notes ................ 18
Operating system
see On-board computer
Operator's Manual
Vehicle equipment ..................... 17
Outside temperature display
Notes ..................................... 109
Setting the units ...................... 116
Overhead control panel .................... 27
Overrevving range ......................... 110
P
Paint code number........................ 205
Paintwork (cleaning instructions) .... 156
Panic alarm .................................. 29
Panoramic roof
Cleaning ................................ 157
Operating the roller sunblind ...... 60
Park brake
see Parking brake Parking
...................................... 100
Important safety notes ............... 100
Parking brake .......................... 101
Switching off the engine ............ 101
Parking brake
Display message ....................... 119
Notes/function ......................... 101
Warning lamp .......................... 132
Parking lamps
Switching on and off .................. 68
PASSENGER AIR BAG
Indicator lamps ........................ 30
Pets in the vehicle ......................... 46
Plastic trim (cleaning instruc-
tions) ......................................... 158
Power washers .............................. 155
Power windows
see Side windows
Program selector button .................. 94
Protection against theft
Anti-theft alarm system .............. 46
Immobilizer ............................. 46
Protection of the environment
General notes ............................ 16
Pulling away
Automatic transmission .............. 88
General notes ........................... 88
Manual transmission .................. 88
Q
QR codeRescue card .............................. 20
Qualified specialist workshop ......... 20
R
Radio-wave reception/transmis-
sion in the vehicle
Declaration of conformity ........... 19
Rain and light sensor (display mes-
sage) .......................................... 130
Reading lamp ................................ 69
Rear fog lamp
Changing bulbs ......................... 73
Switching on/off ....................... 68
Rear lamps
Changing bulbs ......................... 73
10Index

Rear parking aidActivating/deactivating ............ 108
Function/notes ........................ 107
Rear window defroster
Problem (malfunction) ................ 84
Switching on/off ....................... 82
Rear window wiper
Replacing the wiper blade ........... 76
Switching on/off ....................... 75
Rear-view mirror
Anti-glare (manual) ................... 66
Recycling
see Protection of the environment
Refrigerant (air-conditioning sys-
tem)
Important safety notes ............... 211
Refueling
Fuel gauge .............................. 110
Important safety notes ................ 97
Refueling process ..................... 98
see Fuel
Replacing bulbs
Important safety notes ................ 70
Interior lighting ...................... 74
Overview of bulb types ................ 70
Removing/replacing the cover
(front wheel arch) ...................... 72
Side turn signal lamps ............... 73
Rescue card .................................. 20
Reserve (fuel tank)
see Fuel
Reserve fuel
Display message ....................... 125
see Fuel
Restraint system
Display message ....................... 119
Introduction ............................ 29
Warning lamp .......................... 132
Warning lamp (function) .............. 30
Reverse gear
Engaging (manual transmission) ... 91
Reversing feature
Side windows ............................ 58
Roadside Assistance (breakdown) ....... 17
Roller sunblind for the panorama
roof
Operating ................................ 60 Roof
see Panoramic roof
Roof lining and carpets (cleaning
guidelines) ................................. 160
S
Safety
Child restraint systems .............. 43
Children in the vehicle .............. 42
see Operating safety
Safety system
see Driving safety systems
Seat
Folding the front-passenger
seat down ................................. 63
Seat belts
Cleaning ................................ 159
Correct usage ........................... 32
Fastening ................................ 33
Important safety guidelines ........ 31
Introduction ............................. 31
Releasing ................................ 33
Warning lamp ........................... 131
Warning lamp (function) .............. 33
Seats
Adjusting (manually) .................. 62
Cleaning the cover ................... 159
Correct driver's seat position ...... 61
Important safety notes ................ 61
Seat heating problem ................. 65
Switching seat heating on/off ...... 64
Sensors (cleaning instructions) ....... 158
Service Center
see Qualified specialist workshop
Service cover ............................... 151
Service display
Calling up (on-board computer
with a color display) ................. 113
Displaying a service message ..... 154
Hiding a service message .......... 154
Notes ..................................... 153
Resetting ............................... 154
Service message ....................... 153
Special service requirements ..... 154
Service products
Brake fluid ............................. 210
Coolant (engine) ...................... 210
Index11

Engine oil .............................. 209
Fuel ...................................... 207
Important safety notes .............. 207
Refrigerant (air-conditioning
system) ................................... 211
Washer fluid ............................ 211
Setting a speed
see Cruise control
Setting the air distribution ............. 81
Setting the airflow ......................... 82
Shifting to neutral (manual trans-
mission) ....................................... 91
Side turn signal lamps
Replacing bulbs ........................ 73
Side windows
Cleaning ................................ 157
Important safety information ....... 57
Opening/closing ....................... 58
Problem (malfunction) ................ 60
Resetting ................................ 59
smart center
see Qualified specialist workshop
SmartKey
Changing the battery .................. 52
Door central locking/unlocking .... 51
Important safety notes ................ 51
Loss ........................................ 53
Positions (ignition lock) ............ 87
Problem (malfunction) ................ 53
Starting the engine ................... 88
SmartKey positions (ignition lock) .... 87
Snow chains ................................. 179
Sockets
Center console ......................... 147
General notes .......................... 147
Speakers
see Subwoofer
Special seat belt retractor .............. 43
Specialist workshop ....................... 20
Speedometer
Digital .................................. 109
In the Instrument cluster ........... 109
SRS (Supplemental Restraint Sys-
tem)
see Restraint system
Starting (engine) ........................... 87 Starting the engine
see Starting (engine)
Steering
Display message (color display) .. 128
Warning lamps ......................... 141
Steering wheel
Adjusting (manually) .................. 65
Button overview ........................ 25
Cleaning ................................ 159
Important safety notes ................ 65
Paddle shifters ......................... 96
Stowage areas .............................. 142
Stowage compartment
Door stowage compartment .......... 143
Stowage compartment in the tail-
gate ........................................... 143
Stowage compartments
Center console ......................... 143
Cup holders ............................. 146
Glove box ............................... 143
Important safety information ...... 142
Stowage space
Stowage compartment in the
tailgate ................................. 143
Submenu
Ambient lighting ..................... 116
Subwoofer
Fitting/removing ..................... 145
Summer tires
In winter ................................ 179
Sun visor ..................................... 147
Switching air-recirculation mode
on/off .......................................... 84
T
Tachometer .................................. 110
Tailgate
Important safety notes ................ 56
Opening dimensions ................. 212
Opening/closing ....................... 57
Warning lamp ........................... 141
Tank
see Fuel tank
Tank content
Fuel gauge .............................. 110
Technical data
Capacities ............................. 207
12Index

Information ............................ 204
Tires/wheels ........................... 200
Vehicle data ........................... 212
Temperature
Coolant .................................. 113
Outside temperature ................. 109
Setting (climate control) ............ 81
Setting the display units ...........1 16
Thorax/pelvisbag ........................... 35
Time
Setting ................................... 114
Setting (dashboard clock) ........... 110
Setting the time format (on-
board computer with a color
display) ................................. 114
Tire pressure
Checking manually .................... 183
Display message ....................... 126
Important safety notes ............... 183
Maximum ................................ 182
Not reached (TIREFIT) ................1 63
Notes .....................................1 81
Reached (TIREFIT) .................... 163
Recommended .......................... 180
Tire pressure monitor
Function/notes ........................ 183
General notes .......................... 183
Important safety notes ............... 183
Restarting (on-board computer
with color display) ...................1 85
Warning lamp .......................... 139
Warning message ......................1 84
TIREFIT kit ..................................1 61
Tires
Aspect ratio (definition) ...........1 95
Average weight of the vehicle
occupants (definition) .............. 194
Bar (definition) ....................... 194
Changing a wheel ..................... 196
Characteristics ....................... 194
Checking ................................ 178
Curb weight (definition) ........... 195
Definition of terms .................. 194
Direction of rotation ................ 197
Display message ....................... 126
Distribution of the vehicle
occupants (definition) .............. 196 DOT (Department of Transporta-
tion) (definition) ..................... 194
DOT, Tire
Identification Num-
ber (TIN) ................................ 193
GAWR (Gross Axle Weight Rating)
(definition) ............................ 195
General notes .......................... 200
GVW (Gross Vehicle Weight)
(definition) ............................ 195
GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rat- ing) (definition) ...................... 195
Important safety notes ............... 177
Increased vehicle weight due to
optional equipment (defini-
tion) ...................................... 194
Kilopascal (kPa) (definition) ...... 195
Labeling (overview) .................. 191
Load bearing index (definition) .. 196
Load index .............................. 193
Load index (definition) .............1 95
M+S tires (winter tires) ............. 179
Maximum load on a tire (defini- tion) ...................................... 195
Maximum loaded vehicle weight
(definition) ............................ 195
Maximum permissible tire
pressure (definition) ................ 195
Maximum tire load .................... 193
Maximum tire load (definition) ... 195
Optional equipment weight
(definition) ............................ 196
PSI (pounds per square inch)
(definition) ............................ 195
Replacing ............................... 196
Service life ............................ 178
Sidewall (definition) ................ 196
Snow chains ............................. 179
Speed rating (definition) .......... 195
Storing .................................. 197
Structure and characteristics
(definition) ............................ 194
Summer tires in winter .............. 179
Temperature ............................ 190
TIN (Tire Identification Num-
ber) (definition) ...................... 196
Tire bead (definition) .............. 196
Tire pressure (definition) ......... 195
Tire pressures (recommended) .... 194
Index13

Tire size (data) ....................... 200
Tire size designation, load-
bearing capacity, speed rating ... 191
Tire tread ...............................178
Tire tread (definition) .............. 196
Total load limit (definition) ...... 196
Traction .................................1 90
Traction (definition) ................ 196
Tread wear .............................. 190
Uniform Tire Quality Grading
Standards ............................... 189
Uniform Tire Quality Grading
Standards (definition) .............. 194
Wear indicator (definition) ....... 196
Wheel and tire combination ....... 202
Wheel rim (definition) .............. 195
see Flat tire
Tool
see Vehicle tool kit
Top Tether .................................... 44
Total distance recorder
Setting the display unit .............1 16
Tow-starting
Emergency engine starting ......... 172
Important safety notes ............... 170
Towing away
Important safety guidelines .......1 70
Installing the towing eye ........... 171
Removing the towing eye ............ 171
With both axles on the ground ...... 171
With the rear axle raised ........... 171
Transmission
see Automatic transmission
see Manual transmission
Transmission position display .........92
Transporting the vehicle ................ 172
Trip computer (on-board computer) ... 112
Trip meter
Setting the display unit .............1 16
Setting the display units ........... 116
Trip odometer
Calling up .............................. 112
Trunk
Fitting the cover ..................... 144
Installing/removing the cover ....1 45
see Tailgate
Trunk (front)
see Service cover Turn signals
Changing bulbs (front) ................ 72
Changing bulbs (rear) ................. 73
Switching on/off ....................... 68
Turn signals
see Turn signals
Two-way radio
Frequencies ............................ 204
Installation ............................ 204
Transmission output (maximum) .. 204
Type identification plate
see Vehicle identification plate
U
UnlockingEmergency unlocking .................. 55
From inside the vehicle (central
unlocking button) ...................... 54
V
VehicleCorrect use .............................. 20
Data acquisition ....................... 20
Electronics malfunction (dis-
play message) .......................... 130
Electronics malfunction (warn-
ing lamp) ................................ 141
Equipment ................................ 17
Loading .................................. 185
Locking (in an emergency) ........... 55
Locking (SmartKey) .................... 51
Lowering ................................ 200
Maintenance ............................. 17
Parking for a long period .......... 102
Pulling away ............................. 88
Raising .................................. 197
Reporting problems ................... 20
Securing from rolling away ........ 197
Tow-starting ........................... 170
Towing away ............................ 170
Transporting ........................... 172
Unlocking (in an emergency) ........ 55
Unlocking (SmartKey) ................. 51
Vehicle data ........................... 212
Vehicle battery
see Battery (vehicle)
Vehicle data ................................ 212
14Index

Vehicle dimensions....................... 212
Vehicle emergency locking .............. 55
Vehicle identification number
see VIN
Vehicle identification plate .......... 205
Vehicle key
see SmartKey
Vehicle tool kit ............................ 161
Ventilation
see Climate control
VIN ............................................ 205
W
Warning and indicator lamps
ABS ....................................... 134
Airbag ................................... 132
Battery ................................... 137
Brakes ................................... 132
Check Engine ........................... 136
Coolant .................................. 138
Distance warning function (red) .. 136
Distance warning function (yel-
low) ....................................... 135
Door ...................................... 141
EBD ....................................... 133
Electronics .............................1 41
ESP
®...................................... 134
Oil pressure ............................ 138
Overview ................................. 24
Parking brake .......................... 132
PASSENGER AIR BAG .................... 30
Restraint system ......................1 32
Seat belt ................................. 131
Steering ................................. 141
Tire pressure monitor ............... 139
Warranty ....................................... 17
Wheel and tire combination
see Tires
Wheel bolt tightening torque .......... 200
Wheels
Changing a wheel ..................... 196
Checking ................................ 178
Cleaning ................................ 157
General notes .......................... 200
Important safety notes ............... 177
Interchanging/changing ............ 196
Mounting a new wheel ................ 199 Mounting a wheel ...................... 197
Removing a wheel ..................... 199
Snow chains ............................. 179
Storing .................................. 197
Tightening torque .................... 200
Wheel size/tire size ................. 200
Window curtain air bag
Operation ................................ 36
Windows
see Side windows
Windscreen
see Windshield
Windshield
Defrosting ............................... 82
Windshield washer fluid
see Windshield washer system
Windshield washer system
Adding washer fluid .................. 153
Important safety notes ............... 211
Windshield wipers
Intermittent wiping ................... 75
Problem (malfunction) ................ 78
Rear window wiper ..................... 75
Replacing the wiper blades ......... 75
Switching on/off ....................... 74
Winter driving
Slippery road surfaces .............. 105
Snow chains ............................. 179
Winter operation
General notes .......................... 179
Winter tires
M+S tires ................................ 179
Wiper blades
Cleaning ................................ 157
Important safety notes ................ 75
Replacing (rear window) ............. 76
Replacing (windshield) ............... 76
Workshop
see Qualified specialist workshop
Index15

Protection of the environment
General notes
HEnvironmental note
Daimler's declared policy is one of com-
prehensive environmental protection.
The objectives are for the natural resour-
ces that form the basis of our existence on
this planet to be used sparingly and in a
manner that takes the requirements of both
nature and humanity into account.
You too can help to protect the environment
by operating your vehicle in an environ-
mentally responsible manner.
Fuel consumption and the rate of engine,
transmission, brake and tire wear are
affected by these factors:
Roperating conditions of your vehicle
Ryour personal driving style
You can influence both factors. You should
bear the following in mind:
Operating conditions:
Ravoid short trips as these increase fuel
consumption.
Ralways make sure that the tire pressures
are correct.
Rdo not carry any unnecessary weight.
Ra regularly serviced vehicle will con-
tribute to environmental protection. You
should therefore adhere to the service
intervals.
RAlways have service work carried out at a
qualified specialist workshop.
Personal driving style:
Rdo not depress the accelerator pedal
when starting the engine.
Rdo not warm up the engine when the vehi-
cle is stationary.
Rdrive carefully and maintain a safe dis- tance from the vehicle in front.
Ravoid frequent, sudden acceleration and
braking.
Rchange gear in good time and use each
gear only up to 00C3of its maximum engine
speed.
Rswitch off the engine in stationary traf-
fic.
Rkeep an eye on the vehicle's fuel con-
sumption.
Environmental concerns and recom-
mendations
Wherever the operating instructions require you to dispose of materials, first try to
regenerate or re-use them. Observe the rel-
evant environmental rules and regulations
when disposing of materials. In this way you
will help to protect the environment.
Genuine smart parts
HEnvironmental note
Daimler AG also supplies reconditioned
major assemblies and parts which are of the
same quality as new parts. They are covered
by the same Limited Warranty entitlements
as new parts.
!Air bags and Emergency Tensioning Devi-
ces, as well as control units and sensors for
these restraint systems, may be installed
in the following areas of your vehicle:
Rdoors
Rdoor pillars
Rdoor sills
Rseats
Rcockpit
Rinstrument cluster
Rcenter console
Do not install accessories such as audio
systems in these areas. Do not carry out
repairs or welding. You could impair the
operating efficiency of the restraint sys-
tems.
Have aftermarket accessories installed at
a qualified specialist workshop.
You could jeopardize the operating safety of
your vehicle if you use parts, tires and wheels
16>> Introduction.

as well as accessories relevant to safety
which have not been approved by smart. This
could lead to malfunctions in safety-relevant
systems, e.g. the brake system. Use only gen-
uine smart parts or parts of equal quality.
Only use tires, wheels and accessories that
have been specifically approved for your
vehicle.
Genuine smart parts are subject to strict
quality control. Each part has been specially
developed, manufactured or selected for
smart vehicles and fine-tuned for them.
Therefore, only genuine smart parts should be
used.
More than 300,000 different genuine smart
parts are available for smart models.
All smart centers maintain a supply of genu-
ine smart parts for necessary service and
repair work. In addition, strategically loca-
ted parts delivery centers provide quick and
reliable parts service.
Always specify the vehicle identification
number (VIN) (
Ypage 205) when ordering gen-
uine smart parts.
Operator's Manual
Vehicle equipment
This Operator's Manual describes all models
and all standard and optional equipment of
your vehicle available at the time of going to
print. Country-specific differences are pos-
sible. Bear in mind that your vehicle may not
feature all functions described here. This
also applies to safety-relevant systems and
functions. The equipment in your vehicle may
therefore differ from that shown in the
descriptions and illustrations.
The original purchase agreement lists all
systems installed in your vehicle.
Should you have any questions concerning
equipment and operation, please consult a
smart center.
The Operator's Manual and Maintenance Book- let are important documents and should be
kept in the vehicle.
Service and vehicle operation
Warranty
The smart USA Warranty booklet (USA only) or
the Warranty booklet (Canada only) contains
detailed information about the warranties
covering your smart, including:
Rsmart USA Limited Warranty (USA only
RNew Vehicle Limited Warranty (Canada
only)
REmission System Warranty
REmission Performance Warranty
Rwarranty against perforation through cor-
rosion
RCalifornia, Connecticut, Maine, Massachu-
setts, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island
and Vermont Emission Control System War-
ranty
Rsmartmove Assistance (Canada only)
RState warranty enforcement laws (Lemon
Laws)
Maintenance
The Service and Warranty Booklet describes
all the necessary maintenance work which
should be done at regular intervals.
Always bring the Service and Warranty Infor-
mation Booklet with you when bringing the
vehicle to an authorized smart center. The
service advisor will record every service for
you in the Service and Warranty Booklet.
Roadside Assistance
The smartmove Assistance (Canada) and smart
1 service (USA) Program provides factory
trained technical help in the event of a
breakdown. Calls to the toll-free Roadside
Assistance number
1-800-762-7887 (in USA)
1-877-627-8004 (in Canada)
will be answered by smart Customer Assis-
tance Representatives 24 hours a day, 365 days
a year. In accordance with standard program
guidelines, Roadside Assistance provides
vehicle service up to a reasonable distance
from the next paved road. We will make every
effort to assist in a breakdown situation;
however, the accessibility of your vehicle
>> Introduction.17
Z

will be determined by our authorized smart
center technical help or the tow service pro-
vider on a case-by-case basis. Additional
charges may be applicable for a breakdown
location determined not to be a reasonably
accessible roadside location as determined
by our authorized technician and tow service
provider.
For additional information refer to the smart
Roadside Assistance Program brochure (USA)
or the Warranty Booklet (Canada) in your vehi-
cle literature portfolio.
Change of address or change of owner-
ship
In the USA: If you change your address, be sure
to send in the “Information Change Card”
found in the Warranty Information Booklet.
In Canada: If you change your address, be sure
to send in the “Change of Address Notice”
found in the Warranty Booklet, or simply call
the Customer Service at 1-800-387-0100.
Maintaining your current address informa-
tion with smart will enable us to contact you
should important new information about the
vehicle, such as recalls, become available.
If you sell your smart, please leave all liter- ature with the vehicle to make it available to
the next operator.
In the USA: If you bought this vehicle used, be
sure to send in the “Information Change Card”
found in the Warranty Information Booklet.
In Canada: If you bought this vehicle used, be
sure to send in the “Notice of Pre‑Owned
Vehicle Purchase” found in the Warranty
Booklet, or call the Customer Service at
1-800-387-0100.
Operating your vehicle outside the USA
or Canada
When you are abroad with your vehicle,
observe the following points:
RService facilities or replacement parts
may not be readily available.
RUnleaded gasoline for vehicles with cata-
lytic converters may not be available; the use of leaded fuels will damage the cata-
lysts.
RGasoline may have a considerably lower
octane rating, and improper fuel can cause
engine damage.
Operating safety
Important safety notes
GWARNING
If you do not have the prescribed service/
maintenance work or any required repairs
carried out, this can result in malfunctions or system failures. There is a risk of an
accident.
Always have the prescribed service/main-
tenance work as well as any required
repairs carried out at a qualified special-
ist workshop.
GWARNING
Flammable material such as leaves, grass or
twigs may ignite if they come into contact
with hot parts of the exhaust system. There
is a risk of fire.
When driving off road or on unpaved roads,
check the vehicle's underside regularly. In
particular, remove parts of plants or other
flammable materials which have become
trapped. In the case of damage, contact a
qualified specialist workshop.
GWARNING
Modifications to electronic components,
their software as well as wiring can impair
their function and/or the function of other
networked components. In particular, sys-
tems relevant to safety could also be affec-
ted. As a result, these may no longer func-
tion as intended and/or jeopardize the
operating safety of the vehicle. There is an increased risk of an accident and injury.
Never tamper with the wiring as well as
electronic components or their software.
You should have all work to electrical and
18>> Introduction.