steering SSANGYONG MUSSO 1998 Workshop Owner's Guide

2A-4 SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS
Checks
Worn or Broken Coil SpringChecks
Incorrect Front wheel Alignment
Worn or Loosened Lower Arm Bushing
Action
Replace
Repair or Replace
Steering Instability
Action
Replace
Vehicle Bottoming

WHEEL ALIGNMENT 2B-3
3. Road test the vehicle. If there is improvement, install
the original tires to find the offending tire. If there is
no a straight improvement, install good tires in place
of all four offending tires.
4. Install original tires one at a time to find the offending
tire.
RADIAL TIRE LEAD/PULL
Lead/pull is the deviation of the vehicle from a straight
path on a level road with no pressure on the steering
wheel. Lead is usually caused by:
lIncorrect alignment.
lUneven brake adjustment.
lTire construction.
The way in which a tire is built can produce lead/pull in
the vehicle.011-center belts on radial tires can cause
the tire to develop a side force while the vehicle rolls
straight down the road. If one side of the tire has even a
little larger diameter than the diameter of the other side,
the tire will tend to roll to one side. Unequal diameters
will cause the tire to develop a side force which can
produce vehicle lead/pull.
The radial lead/pull diagnosis chart should be used to
determine whether the problem originates from an
alignment problem or from the tires. Part of the lead
diagnosis procedure calls for tire rotation that is different
from the proper tire rotation pattern. If a medium- to high-
mileage tire is moved to the other side of the vehicle, be
sure to check for ride roughness. Rear tires will not cause
lead/pull.

2B-6 WHEEL ALIGNMENT
MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR
ON VEHICLE SERVICE
WHEEL ALIGNMENT
Vehicle Height
1. Check the tire for proper inflation.
2. Measure ‘A’ from the center of the lower arm rear mounting
bolt end to the ground.
3. Measure ‘B’ from the center of the steering knuckle shaft to
the ground.
4. If the difference between ‘A’ and ‘B’ is not within specification,
adjust vehicle height using torsion bar height control bolt.
‘B’ - ‘A’
Notice
Before wheel alignment, adjust vehicle height first.
31 - 36mm
Toe-in
1. Measure toe-in.
Specification0 - 4mm
2. If toe-in is not within specification, loosen the tie rod nuts
and adjust it by turning the tie rod.

WHEEL ALIGNMENT 2B-9
GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND SYSTEM OPERATION
FOUR WHEEL ALIGNMENT
CASTER
Caster is the tilting 91 the uppermost point of the steering
axis either forward or backward from the vertical when
viewed from the side of the vehicle. A backward tilt is
positive, and a forward tilt is negative. Caster influences
directional control of the steering but does not affect
tire wear. Weak springs or overloading a vehicle will affect
caster. One wheel with more positive caster will pull
toward the center of the car. This condition will cause
the car to move or lean toward the side with the least
amount of positive caster. Caster is measured in degrees.
CAMBER
Camber is the tilting of the top of the tire from the vertical
when viewed from the front of the vehicle. When the
tires tilt outward, the camber is positive. When the tires
tilt inward, the camber is negative. The camber angle is
measured in degrees from the vertical. Camber
influences both directional control and tire wear.
If the vehicle has too much positive camber, the outside
shoulder of the tire will wear. If the vehicle has too much
negative camber, the inside shoulder of the tire will wear. The first responsibility of engineering is to design safe
steering and suspension systems. Each component
must be strong enough to withstand and absorb extreme
punishment. Both the steering system and the front and
the rear suspension must function geometrically with
thebody mass.
The steering and the suspension systems require that
the front wheels self-return and that the tire rolling effort
and the road friction be held to a negligible force in order
to allow the customer to direct the vehicle with the least
effort and the most comfort.
A complete wheel alignment check should include
measurements of the rear toe and camber.
Four-wheel alignment assures that all four wheels will
be running in precisely the same direction.
When the vehicle is geometrically aligned, fuel economy
and tire life are at their peak, and steering and
performance are maximized.
TOE
Toe-in is the turning in of the tires, while toe-out is the
turning out of the tires from the geometric centerline or
thrust line. The toe ensures parallel rolling of the wheels.
The toe serves to offset the small deflections of the wheel
support system which occur when the vehicle is rolling
forward. The specified toe angle is the setting which
achieves 0 degrees of toe when the vehicle is moving.
Incorrect toe-in or toe-out will cause tire wear and
reduced fuel economy. As the individual steering and
suspension components wear from vehicle mileage,
additional toe will be needed to compensate for the wear.
Always correct the toe dimension last.

2C-2 FRONT SUSPENSION
Application
Torque Arm BoltNlm
40 - 60
60 - 80
FASTENER TIGHTENING SPECIFICATIONS
Stabilizer Bar
Application
Stabilizer Bar Retaining Nut
Stabilizer Bar Link Nut
Lower Arm NutNlm
30 - 45
60 - 80
16 - 22
Torsion Bar
Lower and Upper Arm
Application
Upper Arm Nut
Upper Arm End Castle Nut
Lower Arm Nut
Lower Arm End Castle NutNlm
120 - 140
80 - 150
150 - 180
120 - 180
Steering Knuckle and Drive Shaft
Application
Brake Caliper Hose Bolt
Brake Caliper Mounting Bolt
Tie Rod Retaining Nut
Upper Arm Retaining Nut
Lower Arm Retaining NutNlm
25 - 35
85 - 105
35 - 45
80 - 150
120 - 180
M10
M12

FRONT SUSPENSION 2C-3
COMPONENT LOCATOR
FRONT SUSPENSION
1 Shock Absorber
2 Upper Arm
3 Steering Knuckle
4 Lower Arm5 Stabilizer Bar Link
6 Stabilizer Bar
7 Suspension Bumper

2C-8 FRONT SUSPENSION
FRONT LOWER AND UPPER ARM
1 Nut ...................................................120-140 Nm
2 Fulcrum Pin and Upper Arm Assembly
3 Camber/Caster Adjusting Shim
4 Bolt
5 Bolt
6 Washer
7 Upper Arm End
8 Nut .......................................................16-22 Nm
9 Castle Nut..........................................80-150 Nm10 Cotter Pin............................................... Replace
11 Nut ...................................................150-180 Nm
12 Washer
1 3 Bolt
14 Lower Arm Assembly and Lower Arm End
1 5 Bolt
16 Washer
17 Nut .......................................................60-80 Nm
Preceding Work : Removal of the torsion bar spring
Removal of the steering knuckle and drive shaft

2E-6 TIRES AND WHEELS
4. Tire pressure inspection.
lTire pressure.
lCheck tread contact with road.
Notice
lIf underinflated, tire may come away from the wheel
during rapid steering.
lAn overinflated tire will cause a hard riding and uneven
wear.
Front & Rear
(P235/75R15)2.1kg/cm (30PSI)2
5. Wheel balance.
lBalance weights should be on each side. When the wheel
is out of balance or a tire has been repaired, be sure to
balance the wheel again.
lIf total weight is over 150g, readjust the balance by
reinstalling the tire on the wheel.
lBalance weight should not protrude from the wheel rim
over 3mm.
lFor aluminum wheel, use aluminum wheel balance weight
only.

M/T
M/T
A/T (MB)
M/T
A/T (BTRA)
M/T
A/T (BTRA)
M/T
A/T (MB)
M/T
A/T (MB)
A/T (BTRA)
M/T
A/T (MB)
A/T (BTRA)
SECTION 3A
FRONT DRIVE AXLE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SPECIFICATIONS
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3A-1
General Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3A-1
Fastener Tightening Specifications . . . . . . . . . 3A-2
Component Locator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3A-3
Front Axle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3A-3
Auto-Locking Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3A-4
Vacuum Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3A-5
Maintenance and Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3A-6
On-Vehicle Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3A-6
Vacuum Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3A-6
Steering Knuckle and Drive Shaft . . . . . . . . . . 3A-8
Front Axle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3A-14
Unit Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3A-16
Axle Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3A-16
Application
Drive Shaft Type
Axle Housing Type
Differential Type
Differential Gear
CV Joint
Build - up
Conventional
Hypoid Gear
4.56
4.56
3.73
4.56
5.38
4.27
4.89
4.89
4.55
4.55
4.55
5.86
3.73
3.73
4.89
1.4 L
SAE 80W/90, API GL - 5
Description
661NA
662NA
661LA
662LA
E20
E23
E32 Reduction Ratio
Oil Capacity
Oil Specification

3A-2 FRONT DRIVE AXLE
FASTENER TIGHTENING SPECIFICATIONS
Steering Knuckle and Drive Shaft
Application
Drive Shaft to Front Axle Inner Shaft
Wheel Speed Sensor
Drive Shaft Cover Bolt
Locking Hub Washer Screw
Hub Flange Bolt
Hub NutNlm
25 - 35
85 - 105
50 - 60
2 - 4
70 - 90
15