engine TOYOTA AYGO 2011 Manual PDF

INFORMATION BEFORE DRIVING YOUR TOYOTA199
FUNCTIONS OF ENGINE OIL
Engine oil has the primary functions of
lubricating and cooling the inside of the
engine, and plays a major role in main-
taining the engine in proper working order.
ENGINE OIL CONSUMPTION
It is normal that an engine should con-
sume some engine oil during normal
engine operation. The causes of oil
consumption in a normal engine are as
follows.
DOil is used to lubricate pistons, piston
rings and cylinders. A thin film of oil
is left on the cylinder wall when a pis-
ton moves downwards in the cylinder.
High negative pressure generated when
the vehicle is decelerating sucks some
of this oil into the combustion chamber.
This oil as well as some part of the oil
film left on the cylinder wall is burned
by the high temperature combustion
gases during the combustion process.
DOil is also used to lubricate the stems
of the intake valves. Some of this oil
is sucked into the combustion chamber
together with the intake air and is
burned along with the fuel. High tem-
perature exhaust gases also burn the
oil used to lubricate the exhaust valve
stems.
The amount of engine oil consumed de-
pends on the viscosity of the oil, the
quality of the oil and the conditions the
vehicle is driven under.
More oil is consumed by high−speed driv-
ing and frequent acceleration and decel-
eration.
A new engine consumes more oil, since
its pistons, piston rings and cylinder walls
have not become conditioned.Oil consumption:Max. 1.0 L per 1000
km (1.1 qts./600 miles, 0.9 lmp.qts./600
miles)
When judging the amount of oil con-
sumption, note that the oil may become
diluted and make it difficult to judge
the true level accurately.
As an example, if a vehicle is used for
repeated short trips, and consumes a nor-
mal amount of oil, the dipstick may not
show any drop in the oil level at all, even
after 1000 km (600 miles) or more. This
is because the oil is gradually becoming
diluted with fuel or moisture, making it
appear that the oil level has not changed.
The diluting ingredients evaporate out
when the vehicle is then driven at high
speeds, as on an expressway, making it
appear that oil has been excessively con-
sumed while driving at high speeds.
IMPORTANCE OF ENGINE OIL LEVEL
CHECK
One of the most important points in prop-
er vehicle maintenance is to keep the en-
gine oil at the optimum level so that oil
function will not be impaired. Therefore, it
is essential that the oil level be checked
regularly. Toyota recommends that the oil
level be checked every time you refuel
the vehicle.
NOTICE
Failure to check the oil level regularly
could lead to serious engine trouble
due to insufficient oil.
For detailed information on oil level check,
see “Checking the engine oil level” on
page 264 in Section 7−2.
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Facts about engine oil
consumption

200INFORMATION BEFORE DRIVING YOUR TOYOTA
Brake system
The tandem master cylinder brakesystem
is a hydraulic system with two separate
sub−systems. If either sub−system should
fail, the other will still work. However, the
pedal will be harder to press, and your
stopping distance will increase. Also, the
brake system warning light may come on.
CAUTION
Do not drive your vehicle with only a
single brake system. Have your
brakes fixed immediately.
BRAKE BOOSTER
The brake booster uses engine vacuum to
power−assist the brakes. If the engine
should quit while you are driving, you can
bringthevehicletoastopwithnormal
pedal pressure. There is enough reserved
vacuum for one or two stops—but no
more!
CAUTION
DDo not pump the brake pedal if the
engine stalls. Each push on the
pedal uses up the reserved vacuum.
DEven if the power assist is com-
pletely lost, the brakes will still
work. But you will have to push the
pedal hard, much harder than nor-
mal. And your braking distance will
increase.
ANTI−LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM
The anti−lock brake system is designed
to help prevent lock−up of the wheels
during a sudden braking or braking on
slippery road surfaces. This assists in
providing directional stability and steer-
ing performance of the vehicle under
these circumstances.
Effective way to press the ABS brake
pedal:
When the anti−lock brake system func-
tion is in action, you may feel the brake
pedal pulsating and hear a noise. In this
situation, to let the anti−lock brake sys-
tem work for you, just hold the brake
pedal down more firmly. Do not pump
the brake in a panic stop. This will re-
sult in reduced braking performance.
The anti−lock brake system becomes op-
erative after the vehicle has accelerated
to a speed in excess of approximately 10
km/h (6 mph). It stops operating when the
vehicle decelerates to a speed below
approximately 5 km/h (3 mph).
Depressing the brake pedal on slippery
road surfaces such as on a manhole cov-
er, a steel plate at a construction site,
joints in a bridge, etc. on a rainy day
tends to activate the anti−lock brake sys-
tem.
You may hear a click or motor sound in
the engine compartment for a few seconds
when the engine is started or just after
the vehicle begins to move. This means
that the anti−lock brake system is in self−
check mode, and does not indicate a mal-
function.
When the anti−lock brake system is ac-
tivated, the following conditions may
occur. They do not indicate a malfunc-
tion of the system:
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INFORMATION BEFORE DRIVING YOUR TOYOTA201
DYou may hear the anti−lock brake sys-
tem operating and feel the brake pedal
pulsating and the vibrations of the ve-
hicle body and steering wheel. You
may also hear the motor sound in the
engine compartment even after the ve-
hicle is stopped.
DAt the end of the anti−lock brake sys-
tem activation, the brake pedal may
movealittleforward.
CAUTION
Do not overestimate the anti−lock
brake system: Although the anti−lock
brake system assists in providing ve-
hicle control, it is still important to
drive with all due care and maintain
a moderate speed and safe distance
from the vehicle in front of you, be-
cause there are limits to the vehicle
stability and effectiveness of steering
wheel operation even with the anti−
lock brake system on.
If tire grip performance exceeds its
capability, or if hydroplaning occurs
during high speed driving in the rain,
the anti−lock brake system does not
provide vehicle control.
Anti−lock brake system is not de-
signed to shorten the stopping dis-
tance: Always drive at a moderate
speed and maintain a safe distance
from the vehicle in front of you.
Compared with vehicles without an
anti−lock brake system, your vehicle
may require a longer stopping dis-
tance in the following cases:
DDriving on rough, gravel or snow−
covered roads.
DDriving with tire chains installed.
DDriving over the steps such as the
joints on the road.
DDriving on roads where the road
surface is pitted or has other differ-
ences in surface height.
Install all 4 tires of specified size at
appropriate pressure: The anti−lock
brake system detects vehicle speeds
using the speed sensors for respec-
tive wheels’ turning speeds. The use
of tires other than specified may fail
to detect the accurate turning speed
resulting in a longer stopping dis-
tance.
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202INFORMATION BEFORE DRIVING YOUR TOYOTA
MS21009
“ABS” warning light
Vehicles without vehicle stability control
system—
The light comes on when the engine
switch is turned to the “ON” position. If
the anti−lock brake system works properly,
the light turns off after a few seconds.
Thereafter, if the system malfunctions, the
light comes on again.
When the “ABS” warning light is on (and
the brake system warning light is off), the
anti−lock brake systemdoes not operate,
but the brake system stilloperates con-
ventionally.
When the “ABS” warning light is on (and
the brake system warning light is off), the
anti−lock brake systemdoes not operate
so that the wheels could lock up during
a sudden braking or braking on slippery
road surfaces.
If either of the following conditions oc-
cur, this indicates a malfunction some-
where in the components monitored by
the warning light system. Contact any
authorized Toyota dealer or repairer, or
another duly qualified and equipped
professional, as soon as possible to
service the vehicle.
DThe light does not come on when the
engine switch is turned to the “ON”
position, or remains on.
DThe light comes on while you are driv-
ing.
A warning light turning on briefly during
operation does not indicate a problem.
CAUTION
If the “ABS” warning light remains on
together with the brake system warn-
ing light, immediately stop your ve-
hicle at a safe place and contact any
authorized Toyota dealer or repairer,
or another duly qualified and
equipped professional.
In this case, not only the anti−lock
brake system will fail but also the
vehicle will become extremely unsta-
ble during braking.
“ABS” warning light
Vehicles with vehicle stability control sys-
tem—
The light comes on when the engine
switch is turned to the “ON” position. If
the anti−lock brake system and the brake
assist system work properly, the light
turns off after a few seconds. Thereafter,
if the system malfunctions, the light
comes on again.
When the “ABS” warning light is on (and
the brake system warning light is off), the
anti−lock brake system, the brake assist
system, the traction control system and
the vehicle stability control system do not
operate, but the brakesystem stilloper-
ates conventionally.
When the “ABS” warning light is on (and
the brake system warning light is off), the
anti−lock brake systemdoes not operate
so that the wheels could lock up during a
sudden braking or braking on slippery
road surfaces.
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INFORMATION BEFORE DRIVING YOUR TOYOTA203
If either of the following conditions oc-
curs, this indicates a malfunction some-
where in the components monitored by
the warning light system. Contact any
authorized Toyota dealer or repairer, or
another duly qualified and equipped
professional, as soon as possible to
service the vehicle.
DThe light does not come on when the
engine switch is turned to the “ON”
position or remains on.
DThe light comes on while you are driv-
ing.
A warning light turning on briefly during
operation does not indicate a problem.
CAUTION
If the “ABS” warning light remains on
together with the brake system warn-
ing light, immediately stop your ve-
hicle at a safe place and contact any
authorized Toyota dealer or repairer,
or another duly qualified and
equipped professional.
In this case, not only the anti−lock
brake system will fail but also the
vehicle will become extremely unsta-
ble during braking.
BRAKE ASSIST SYSTEM
When you slam the brakes on, the
brake assist system judges as an emer-
gency stop and provides more powerful
braking for a driver who cannot hold
down the brake pedal firmly.
When you slam the brakes on, more pow-
erful braking will be applied. At this time,
you may hear a sound in the engine
compartment and feel the vibrations of the
brake pedal. This does not indicate a mal-
function.Vehicles with vehicle stability control sys-
tem—
The brake assist system becomesopera-
tive after the vehicle has accelerated to a
speed in excess of approximately 10 km/h
(6 mph). It stops operating when the ve-
hicle decelerates to a speed below
approximately 5 km/h (3 mph).
For an explanation of thissystem’s warn-
ing light, see “Service reminder indicators
and warning buzzers” on page 127 in Sec-
tion 1−6.
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204INFORMATION BEFORE DRIVING YOUR TOYOTA
The electric power steering system, us-
ing an electric motor, assists the turn-
ing of the steering wheel.
In the following cases, you may feel the
steering becomes heavy. However, the
electric power steering system warning
light does not come on. (Because it is
not a malfunction.)
DWhen maneuvering or turning frequently
over a long time
The power steering effect will be re-
duced to prevent the system from over-
heating. Avoid turning the steering
wheel, or stop the vehicle and turn the
engine switch to “ACC” or “LOCK”. The
system will become cool inabout 10
minutes.
NOTICE
Frequent maneuvering and turning
over a long time may cause damage
to the system in which the mecha-
nism prevents overheating of the elec-
tric power steering system.
DWhen racing the engine for 30 seconds
or more with the vehicle stopped
The normal power steering effect will
be obtained when you start driving.
DWhen the battery is discharged
Check the battery’s condition. If
necessary, recharge or replace the
battery. For details, see “Checking
battery condition” on page 278 in
Section 7−3.
INFORMATION
When the steering wheel is turned, a
motor operating sound (whining
sound) may be heard. This occurs
when the power steering motor works
and is not defective.
MS21008
Electric power steering system warning
light
The light comes on when the engine
switch is turned to the “ON” position. If
the electric power steering system warning
light works properly, the light turns off
after a few seconds. If thesystem has
malfunctions, the light comes on again.
If either of the following conditions oc-
cur, this indicates a malfunction some-
where in the parts monitored by the
warning light system. Contact any au-
thorized Toyota dealer or repairer, or
another duly qualified and equipped
professional, as soon as possible to
service the vehicle.
DThe light does not come on when the
engine switch is turned to the “ON”
position or remains on.
DThe light stays on while you are driv-
ing.
The warning light turning on while racing
the engine for a long time may not indi-
cate malfunction. To turn off the light, re-
start the engine and start driving.
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Electric power steering
system

INFORMATION BEFORE DRIVING YOUR TOYOTA207
—Engine number
MS21003a
The engine number is stamped on the
engine block as shown.Your new vehicle carries theft preven-
tion labels which are approximately 47
mm(1.85in.)by12mm(0.47in.).
The purpose of these labels is to reduce
the incidence of vehicle thefts by facilitat-
ing the tracing and recovery of parts from
stolen vehicles. The label is designed so
that once it is applied to a surface, any
attempt to remove it will result in destroy-
ing the integrity of the label. Transferring
these labels intact from one part to anoth-
er, will be impossible.NOTICE
You should not attempt to remove the
theft prevention labels.
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Theft prevention labels
(right−hand drive vehicle
only)

STARTING AND DRIVING209
Section 3
STARTING AND DRIVING
DBefore starting the engine 210..............................
DHow to start the engine 210.................................
DPre−trip safety check 211..................................
DTips for driving in various conditions 213.....................
DDriving in the rain 214......................................
DWinter driving tips 215.....................................
DTrailer towing 216..........................................
DHow to save fuel and make your vehicle last longer 216.......
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210STARTING AND DRIVING
Before starting the engine
1. Check the area around the vehicle be-
fore entering it.
2. Adjust the seat position, seatback
angle and steering wheel angle.
3. Adjust the inside and outside rear view
mirrors.
4. Close all doors.
5. Fasten seat belts.1. Apply the parking brake firmly.
2. Turn off unnecessary lights and acces-
sories.
3.Multi−mode manual transmission:
Turn the engine switch to “ON” posi-
tion. Hold down the brake pedal firmly,
and place the shift lever to the “N”
position. Make sure that the “N” indi-
cator in the instrument cluster comes
on. A starter safety device will prevent
the starter from operating if the shift
lever is in a position except “N” or the
brake pedal is not depressed.
Manual transmission:Press the clutch
pedal to the floor and shift the trans-
mission into neutral. Hold the clutch
pedal to the floor until the engine is
started. A starter safety device will pre-
vent the starter from operating if the
clutch pedal is not fully depressed.
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How to start the engine
(a) Before cranking

STARTING AND DRIVING211
Before starting the engine, be sure to
follow the instructions in “(a) Before
cranking”.
Normal starting procedure
The multiport fuel injection system/sequen-
tial multiport fuel injection system in your
engine automatically controls the proper
air−fuel mixture for starting. You can start
a cold or hot engine as follows:
Multi−mode manual transmission:With
your foot off the accelerator pedal, turn
the engine switch to the “START” posi-
tion and crank the engine while depress-
ing the brake pedal. Release the key
when the engine starts. The engine can-
not be cranked if the shift lever is in a
position except “N” or the brake pedal
is not depressed.
Manual transmission:With your foot off
the accelerator pedal, crank the engine
by turning the engine switch to the
“START” position. Release it when the
engine starts.
Engine should be warmed up by driving,
not idling. For warming up drive with a
smoothly turning engine until the engine
coolant temperature is within the normal
range.
If the engine stalls...
Simply restart it, using the correct proce-
dure given in normal starting.
If the engine will not start...
See “If your vehicle will not start” on page
220 in Section 4.
NOTICE
zDo not crank for more than 30 se-
conds at a time. This may overheat
the starter and wiring systems.
zDo not race a cold engine.
zIf the engine becomes difficult to
start or stalls frequently, have the
engine checked immediately.
Pre−trip safety check
It is a good idea to do a safety check
before starting out on a trip. A few min-
utes of checking can help ensure safe and
pleasant driving. Just a basic familiarity
with your vehicle is required and a careful
eye! Or, if you would like, any authorized
Toyota dealer or repairer, or another duly
qualified and equipped professional, will
be pleased to make this check for you at
nominal cost.
CAUTION
If you make this check in an enclosed
garage, make sure there is adequate
ventilation. Engine exhaust is poison-
ous.
BEFORE STARTING THE ENGINE
Outside the vehicle
Tires.Check the pressure with a gauge
and look carefully for cuts, damage, or
excessive wear.
Wheel bolts.Make sure no bolts are mis-
sing or loose.
Fluid leaks.After the vehicle has been
parked for a while, check underneath for
leaking fuel, oil, water, or fluid. (Water
dripping from the air conditioning after use
is normal.)
Lights.Make sure the headlights, stop
lights, tail lights, turn signals and other
lights are all working. Check the headlight
aim.
Inside the vehicle
Spare tire, jack and wheel bolt wrench.
Check the spare tire pressure and make
sure you have your jack and wheel bolt
wrench.
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(b) Starting the engine