traction control TOYOTA RAV4 1996 Service Repair Manual

DESCRIPTION
The A-540H 4WD transaxle has a center differential and electronic transfer case attached. Transaxle internal
components are the same or similar to the A-540E and A-541E transaxles. Transaxle has 4 shift solenoids in the
valve body to control engagement speed and throttle pressure for shift feel. Torque is distributed to front and
rear wheels at all times to maximize traction of 4WD vehicle.
The A-540E and A-541E transaxles feature a torque converter with lock-up clutch, 4-speed planetary gear unit,
differential, hydraulic control system, shift solenoids and electronic control system. The A-541E transaxle has
an additional shift solenoid in the valve body to control engagement speed and throttle pressure for shift feel. A
shift lock mechanism is used to minimize possibility of incorrect operation of transaxle.
LUBRICATION
On all models except RAV4 4WD, transaxle uses D-II or DEXRON-III transmission fluid. On RAV4 4WD,
transaxle uses type "T" or type "T"-IV transmission fluid. For transaxle refill capacities, see TRANSAXLE
CAPACITIES table.
TRANSAXLE CAPACITIES
TRANSAXLE CAPACITIES
GearRatio
1st2.810
2nd1.549
3rd1.000
OD.734
Reverse2.296
ApplicationQts. (L)
Lexus ES300
Drain & Refill
19973.7 (3.5)
19984.1 (3.9)
Dry Refill7.1 (6.8)
Toyota
Avalon & Camry
Drain & Refill
19973.7 (3.5)
1998-994.1 (3.9)
Dry Refill7.1 (6.8)
Camry Solara
Drain & Refill5.0 (4.8)
Dry Refill7.1 (6.8)

1998 Toyota Avalon XLS
1997-99 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS Toyota A-540E, A-540H & A-541E Overhaul
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1999-2000 BRAKES
Disc & Drum - Trucks & Vans
DESCRIPTION & OPERATION
Hydraulic brake system uses a tandem master cylinder with a vacuum power assist servo. All models (except
Land Cruiser) are equipped with front disc brakes and rear drum brakes standard. Rear disc brakes are standard
on Land Cruiser models.
A Load-Sensing Proportioning Valve (LSVP) is used to regulate brake pressure between front and rear brakes.
Rear brakes on all models are self-adjusting.
Parking brake lever mechanically activates rear brakes. On models with rear drum brakes, a cable applies rear
shoes. On models with rear disc brakes, parking brake is a drum brake internal to rear disc assembly.
BLEEDING BRAKE SYSTEM
BLEEDING PROCEDURES
1. If master cylinder is rebuilt or reservoir is empty, bleed master cylinder first. Bleed wheels in sequence.
Start on wheel with longest hydraulic line, and work toward wheel with shortest hydraulic line.
2. Raise and support vehicle. Ensure brake fluid reservoir is at least half full during bleeding procedure.
Connect one end of transparent vinyl tube to bleeder screw. Submerge other end of tube in a container
half filled with clean brake fluid.
3. Have an assistant depress brake pedal several times and hold in depressed position. Loosen bleeder screw,
and drain fluid into container. Tighten bleeder screw. WARNING:For warnings and procedures regarding vehicles equipped with Anti-Lock
Brake Systems (ABS), see appropriate ANTI-LOCK article.
NOTE: For disc brake coverage on Lexus LX470, see Land Cruiser information in this
article. The 1999 Land Cruiser and Lexus LX470 information is the same. The
2000 Land Cruiser information for models equipped with traction control ABS is
the same on 2000 LX470. Models with traction control ABS do not use a Load-
Sensing Proportioning Valve (lspv) and By-Pass Valve (BPV).
CAUTION: DO NOT allow reservoir to run dry during brake bleeding procedure. Use
only clean brake fluid. Ensure no dirt or other foreign matter contaminates
brake fluid. DO NOT mix different types of brake fluid, as they may not be
compatible. DO NOT spill brake fluid on vehicle, as it may damage paint. If
brake fluid contacts paint, immediately wash with water.
NOTE: Ensure brake pedal remains depressed until bleeder screw is tightened.

1999 Toyota RAV4
1999-2000 BRAKES Disc & Drum - Trucks & Vans

1999 Toyota RAV4
1999-2000 BRAKES Disc & Drum - Trucks & Vans
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PROPORTIONING VALVE & BY-PASS VALVE
Land Cruiser (Models Without Traction Control ABS)
1. Turn ignition off. Depress brake pedal at least 40 times. Install proportioning valve gauge to front brake
caliper brake line connection and to rear brake caliper brake line connection. Bleed air from gauges and
lines.
2. Turn ignition to ON position and wait until pump motor has stopped. Raise front brake caliper pressure
and check rear brake caliper pressure by depressing brake pedal and checking fluid pressure on gauges.
3. If rear brake caliper pressure is incorrect, replace hydraulic brake booster. See HYDRAULIC BRAKE
BOOSTER under REMOVAL & INSTALLATION.
PROPORTIONING VALVE & BY-PASS VALVE PRESSURE SPECIFICATIONS (LAND CRUISER)
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION
FRONT DISC BRAKE PADS
Removal & Installation (Land Cruiser)
Raise and support vehicle. Remove front wheel. Remove clip, 2 pins, 2 pad retainer clips, pads, anti-squeal
shims and pad retainers. See Fig. 5
. Remove enough brake fluid from master cylinder so overflow will not
occur as piston is seated. Seat pistons using a hammer handle or equivalent. Slide NEW pads and anti-rattle
shims into caliper. Check reservoir fluid level. To install, reverse removal procedure. Tighten lower caliper bolt
to specification. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
.
Sienna
Low Pressure Reading427 (30)427 (30)
High Pressure Reading1138 (80)711 (50)
Front Brake Caliper Pressure - psi (kg/cm2)Rear Brake Caliper Pressure - psi (kg/cm2)
327 (23)356 (25)
640 (45)484-540 (34-38)
1138 (80)754 (53)
NOTE: Location and number of anti-rattle springs, anti-squeal shims, pad support and
guide plates vary between models. Note component locations during removal
process for reassembly reference. Tacoma, Tundra and 4Runner with 4WD use
dual-piston calipers; other models use single-piston calipers.
NOTE: Pushing piston into caliper bore will force fluid back into master cylinder
reservoir. Remove reservoir cap when compressing caliper piston.

1999 Toyota RAV4
1999-2000 BRAKES Disc & Drum - Trucks & Vans
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1999-2000 DRIVE AXLES
Center Differential Lock
DESCRIPTION & OPERATION
CENTER DIFFERENTIAL LOCK SYSTEM
The center differential lock system enables vehicle to have enough traction to move when one of the 4 wheels,
both front wheels or both rear wheels are off the ground or on a slippery surface.
Center differential lock system consists of control switch, differential lock control solenoids, differential lock
actuator, indicator switch, and integration relay. See Fig. 1
.
With control switch off, the center differential lock indicator light on instrument panel is off, along with
vacuum switching valves No. 1 and 2. Vacuum switching valve No. 1 draws vacuum from vacuum tank to
chamber "A" of the vacuum actuator. Vacuum switching valve No. 2 draws atmospheric air to chamber "B".
Under these conditions, the vacuum actuator diaphragm moves the rod, which moves the locking sleeve shift
fork and shaft, which causes the locking sleeve to disengage from the case. See Fig. 2
. During this time, the
center differential warning buzzer will sound. When the locking sleeve is completely disengaged, the warning
buzzer will turn off (free position).

1999 Toyota RAV4
1999-2000 DRIVE AXLES Center Differential Lock

1999 Toyota RAV4
1999-2000 DRIVE AXLES Center Differential Lock
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