wheel VOLVO XC90 2006 Owner's Manual

124 StartinganddrivingStabilitysystemWhenthestabilitysystemisinaction,itmay
seemlikethecardoesnotrespondnormally
toacceleration.Thisisbecausethesystem
detectstheamountoffrictionontheroad
surfaceandallowsthedifferentstability
systemfunctionstooperate.
ThecariseitherequippedwithSTC(Stability
andTractionControl)-Stabilityandtraction
controlsystemorDSTC(DynamicStability
andTractionControl)-Dynamicstabilityand
tractioncontrolsystem.
TractionControl–(TC)
TheTractionControlfunctiontransfers
powerfromthespinningdrivewheeltothe
drivewheelwhichhasgripbybrakingthe
spinningdrivewheel.Toincreaseforward
tractioninthissituation,itmaybenecessary
todepresstheacceleratormorethanusual.A
pulsingsoundisheardwhenTractionControl
isworking.Thisiscompletelynormal.TheTC
functionismostactiveatlowspeeds.It
cannotbedeactivated.SpinControl(SC)
TheStabilityControlfunctionpreventsthe
drivewheelsfromslippingduringacceler-
ation.Thisimprovesroadsafetyonslippery
surfaces.Undercertainconditions,suchas
whendrivingwithsnowchainsorindeep
snoworsand,itmaybebeneficialto
deactivatetheSCfunctiontoincrease
traction.ThisisdonewiththeSTC/DSTC
button.
ActiveYawControl(AYC)
TheActiveYawControlfunctionautomati-
callybrakesoneormorewheelstostabilise
thecarintheeventofaskid.Ifthebrake
pedalweretobedepressedinthissituation,
itwouldfeelmorerigidthanusualanda
pulsingsoundwouldbeheard.
TheAYCfunctionisalwaysactiveandcannot
bedeactivated. Function/
systemSTCDSTC
1
1.Optiononcertainmarkets.TCXX
SCXX
AYCX
WARNING!
SuppressingtheSTCorDSTCsystem
mayalterthedrivingcharacteristicsofthe
car.Alwaystakecarewhencorneringand
drivinginslipperyconditions.
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127 Startinganddriving
TowingandrecoveryDonotbumpstarttheengineIfyoubumpstartacarwithmanualgearbox,
thecatalyticconvertermaybedamaged.
Carswithautomaticgearboxcannotbebump
started.Useaboosterbatteryifthebatteryis
flat.IfthecarmustbetowedUnlockthesteeringwheellocksothatthe
carcanbesteered.
Keepinmindthehighestlegallypermis-
siblespeed.
Bearinmindthatthebrakeandpower
steeringservosdonotfunctionwhenthe
engineisoff.Approx.fivetimesmore
pressuremustbeexertedonthebrake
pedalandsteeringrequiresmuchmore
forcethanusual.
Drivegently.Keepthetowlinetautto
avoidunnecessaryjerking.
Forautomaticgearboxes
ThegearselectorshouldbeinpositionN.
Themaximumpermissiblespeedwhen
towingacarwithautomaticgearboxis
80km/h.
Onlytowwiththecarfacingforward.
Theenginecannotbebumpstarted.
"Jumpstarting",seepage129.
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128 StartinganddrivingTowingandrecoveryTowingeyeThetowingeyeisinthetoolkitinthecargo
compartment.Youmustscrewthetowing
eyeintoplacebeforetowing.Thesocketand
coverforthetowingeyeareontheright-hand
sideofeachbumper.
Removethecoverasfollows:
A.Releasethebottomedgeofthecover
withacoin.
B.Screwthetowingeyesecurelyinto
placeuptotheflange(C).Youcanuse
awheelbrace.
Afteruse,unscrewthetowingeyeandrefit
thecover.Thetowingeyemayonlybeusedfortowing
onroads,notforrecoveryafterdrivingintoa
ditchorthelike.Professionalhelpshouldbe
calledforrecovery.
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130 StartinganddrivingDrivingwithatrailerTheloadcapacityisaffectedbyextraacces-
soriesmountedonthecar,suchasatowbar,
theloadonthetowball(75kgwithtrailer
hitched),loadcarriersandspacebox,aswell
asthepassengers’combinedweight.The
loadcapacityofthecarisreducedbythe
numberofpassengersandtheirweight.
Thecar’stowingbracketmustbeofan
approvedtype.
IfthetowingbracketisfittedbyVolvo,the
carisdeliveredwiththenecessary
equipmenttodrivewithatrailer.Ifretro-
fitting,checkwithyourVolvodealerto
ensurethatthecarisfullyequippedto
drivewithatrailer.
Distributetheloadonthetrailersothat
theweightonthetowingbracketfollows
thespecifiedmaximumtowballload.
Increasetyrepressuretocorrespondto
thepressureforfullload.Seethetyre
pressuretable!Cleanthetowingbracketregularlyand
greasethetowball
1andallmovingparts
topreventunnecessarywear.
Donotdrivewithaheavytrailerwhen
yourcarisbrandnew!Waituntilithas
goneatleast1000km.
Thebrakesareloadedmuchmorethan
usualonlongandsteepdownhillslopes.
Downshifttoalowergearandadjustyour
speed.
Ifthecarisdrivenwithaheavyloadina
hotclimate,theengineandgearboxmay
overheat.Thetemperaturegaugeinthe
combinedinstrumentpanelgoesintothe
redzonewhenthecaroverheats.Stop
andlettheengineidleafewminutes.
Ifthecaroverheats,theairconditioning
systemcanbetemporarilyswitchedoff.
Thegearboxreactswithabuilt-in
protectionfunctionifthecaroverheats.
Seethemessageinthedisplay!
Theengineisloadedmoreheavilythan
usualwhendrivingwithatrailer.
Forreasonsofsafety,youshouldnot
drivefasterthan80km/h,evenifthelaws
ofcertaincountriespermithigherspeeds.Themaximumpermissibletrailerweight
foratrailerwithoutbrakesis750kg.
SelectpositionP(automaticgearbox)or
engageagear(manualgearbox)when
parkingwithatrailerandalwaysapplythe
parkingbrake.Ifyouareparkingona
steepincline,placechocksbehindthe
wheels.
TrailerweightsSeepage237forpermittedtrailerweights.
NOTE!Thestatedmaximumpermittedtrailer
weightsarethosepermittedbyVolvo.
Nationalvehicleregulationscanfurtherlimit
trailerweightsandspeeds.Towbarscanbe
certifiedforhighertowingweightsthanthe
carcanactuallytow.
WARNING!
Thecar’sdrivingcharacteristicschange
dependingonhowheavilyitisloadedand
howtheloadisdistributed.
1.Doesnotapplytoballhitchwith
vibrationdamper.
WARNING!
Followthestatedrecommendationsfor
trailerweights.Otherwise,therigmaybe
difficulttocontrolduringevasive
manoeuvresandbraking.
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131 Startinganddriving
DrivingwithatrailerDrivingwithtrailerandautomatic
gearboxWhenparkingonhills,youshouldapplythe
parkingbrakebeforemovingthegear
selectortothePposition.Whenyoustarton
ahill,youshouldfirstputthegearselectorin
thedrivepositionandthenreleasethe
parkingbrake.
Selectalowgearinthegearboxwhen
drivingonsteepinclinesorwhendriving
slowly.Thispreventsthegearboxfrom
upshifting.Thegearboxoilwillbecooler.
Donotuseahighermanualgearthanthe
enginecan"handle".Itisnotalways
economicaltodriveinhighgears.
Avoiddrivingwithtrailerandautomatic
gearboxoninclinesexceeding15%.
NOTE!Anautomaticgearboxoilcoolerfor
trailertowingisrequiredforanumberof
models.
ConsultyourVolvodealerforinformation
regardingyourcar’sspecificationsifthe
towbarhasbeeninstalledafterpurchase.
Assistedstartingwithatrailer
CarsequippedwithaV8enginehavean
integratedfunctionwhichreducestheriskof
significantjerkingandwheelspinwhen
startingwithatrailerhitchedtothecar.
ActivatingToactivate,thecablesfromthetrailermust
beconnectedtothetrailersocketwhichis
fittedbesidethetowbar,seepage132.DeactivatingUnplugthecablesfromtheelectricalsocket.
NOTE!Thefunctionisalsoactivatedwhen
anyotherelectricalequipmentispluggedinto
thetrailersocket,andthecarthenaccel-
eratesmoregentlywhenpullingaway.
Levelling(optiononcarsseating
five,standardoncarsseating
seven)Ifyourcarisequippedwithautomatic
levelling,therearsuspensionalwaysretains
thecorrectrideheightregardlessofload.
Whenthecarisstationary,therear
suspensionsinks.Thisiscompletelynormal.
Whenstartingwithaload,thelevelis
pumpedupafteracertaindistance.
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147
Wheelsandtyres
General148
Tyrepressure151
Warningtriangleandsparewheel152
Changingwheels154
Emergencypuncturerepair157
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148 WheelsandtyresGeneralDrivingcharacteristicsandtyresThetyresgreatlyaffectthecar’sdriving
characteristics.Thetypeoftyre,dimensions,
tyrepressureandspeedratingareimportant
forhowthecarperforms.
Whenchangingtyres,ensurethattyresofthe
sametypeanddimensions,andpreferably
alsothesamemake,arefittedtoallfour
wheels.Followtherecommendedtyre
pressuresspecifiedonthetyrepressure
label,seepage151.
Designationofdimensions
Thedimensionsarestatedonallcartyres.
Example:
225/70R16102H.SpeedratingsThecarisapprovedasawhole,whichmeans
thatdimensionsandspeedratingsmustnot
differfromthosespecifiedonthevehicle’s
registrationdocument.Theonlyexceptiontotheseconditionsiswintertyres(boththose
withstudsandthosewithout).Ifsuchatyreis
chosen,thecarmustnotbedrivenfasterthan
thespeedratingofthetyre(forexample,
classQcanbedrivenatamaximumof
160km/h).
Rememberthattrafficregulationsdetermine
howfastacarcanbedriven,notthespeed
classofthetyres.
Note!Maximumpermittedspeedsindicated.
Newtyres
Tyresareperishable.Aftera
fewyearstheybeginto
hardenatthesametimeas
thefrictioncapacity/charac-
teristicsgraduallydeteri-
orate.Thereforeaimtoget
asfreshtyresaspossiblewhenyoureplace
them.Thisisespeciallyimportantwithregard
towintertyres.Theweekandyearof
manufacture,thetyre’sDOTmarking
(DepartmentofTransportation),arestated
withfourdigits,forexample1502.Thetyreintheillustrationwasmanufacturedinweek15
of2002.
Tyreage
Alltyresolderthansixyearsshouldbe
checkedbyanexperteveniftheyseem
undamaged.Thereasonforthisisthattyres
ageanddecompose,eveniftheyarehardly
everorneverused.Thefunctioncan
thereforebeaffectedduetothetyre’s
constituentmaterialsbeingbrokendown,
anditshouldthennotbeused.
Thisalsoappliestosparetyres,wintertyres
andtyressavedforfutureuse.
Examplesofexternalsignswhichindicate
thatthetyreisunsuitableforusearecracks
ordiscolouration.
Theageofthetyrecanbedeterminedbythe
DOTmarking,seeillustrationabove. 225Sectionwidth(mm)
70Ratiobetweensectionheightand
width(%)
RRadialply
16Rimdiameterininches(")
102Tyreloadindex(inthiscase615kg)
HSpeedrating(inthiscase
210km/h).Q160km/h(usedonlyonwinter
tyres)
T190km/h
H210km/h
V240km/h
W270km/h
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149 Wheelsandtyres
GeneralTyreswithtreadwearindicatorsTreadwearindicatorsarenarrowtreadless
bandsacrossthewidthofthetread.Onthe
sideofthetyrearethelettersTWI(tread
wearindicator).Whenonly1.6mmoftread
remains,thisbandisclearlyvisible.Change
thetyresassoonaspossible.Rememberthat
tyreswithlittletreaddepthprovideverypoor
gripinrainandsnow.WintertyresVolvorecommendswintertyreswith
particulardimensions.Thesearestatedon
thetyrepressurelabel,seepage151forits
location.Thetyredimensionsaredependentontheenginevariant.Whendrivingonwinter
tyres,thesemustbefittedtoallfourwheels.
NOTE!AskaVolvodealerwhichrimandtyre
typesaremostsuitable.
StuddedtyresStuddedwintertyresshouldberuningently
for500-1000kmsothestudssettleproperly
intothetyre.Thisgivesthetyre,and
especiallythestuds,alongerlifespan.
NOTE!Thelegalprovisionsfortheuseof
studdedtyresvaryfromcountrytocountry.
Treaddepth
Roadconditionswithice,slushandlow
temperaturesplaceconsiderablyhigher
demandsontyresthansummerconditions.It
isthereforenotrecommendedtodriveon
wintertyresthathaveatreaddepthofless
thanfourmillimetres.
Snowchains
Snowchainsmayonlybeusedonthefront
wheels.Thisalsoappliestoall-wheel-drive
cars.
Neverdrivefasterthan50km/hwithsnow
chains.Avoiddrivingonbaregroundasthis
wearsoutboththesnowchainsandtyres.
Neverusequick-fitsnowchainsasthespace
betweenthebrakedisksandthewheelsis
toosmall.
IMPORTANT!UseVolvogenuinesnowchainsorequiv-
alentchainsdesignedforthecarmodel,
andtyreandrimdimensions.Consultan
authorisedVolvoworkshop.
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150 WheelsandtyresGeneralThearrowshowsthetyre’sdirectionof
rotation.SummerandwinterwheelsWhensummerandwinterwheelsare
changedtheyshouldbemarkedwithwhich
sideofthecartheyweremountedon,for
exampleLforleftandRforright.Tyreswitha
treadpatternwhicharedesignedtoonlyturn
inonedirectionhavethedirectionofrotation
markedwithanarrowonthem.Thetyre
shouldalwaysrotateinthesamedirection
throughoutitslifespan.Tyresshouldonlybe
switchedbetweenfrontandrearpositions,
neverbetweenleftandright-handsides,or
viceversa.Ifthetyreismountedincorrectly,
thecar’sbrakingcharacteristicsandcapacity
toforcerain,snowandslushoutofthewayareadverselyaffected.Tyreswiththe
greatesttreaddepthshouldalwaysbefitted
totherearofthecar(todecreasetheriskof
skidding).
Wheelsshouldbestoredlyingdownor
hangingup,andnotstandingup.
ContactanauthorisedVolvoworkshopifyou
areuncertainabouttreaddepth.
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151 Wheelsandtyres
TyrepressureRecommendedtyrepressureThetyrepressuredecalontheinsideofthe
fuelfillerflapshowswhatpressurethetyres
shouldhavewithdifferentloadandspeed
conditions.
1.Othermarkets(notUSA,Canada)
1:1.Volvooriginaltyre
1:2.Sparetyre
2.Australia
CheckingthetyrepressureCheckthetyrepressureregularly.The
correcttyrepressureisshowninthetyre
pressuretable.Thestatedtyrepressures
refertocoldtyres.(Coldtyresmeanthetyres
arethesametemperatureastheambient
temperature).
Drivingwiththewrongtyrepressure
adverselyaffectsthecar’sdrivingcharacter-
isticsandcanincreasetyrewear.Afterjusta
fewkilometresofdriving,thetyreswarmup
andthepressureincreases.Thereforeair
shouldnotbereleasedifthepressureis
checkedwhenthetyresarewarm.However
thepressureshouldbeincreasedifitistoo
low.
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