wheel VOLVO XC90 2006 Service Manual

2006 VOLVO XC90
l PSI: Pounds per square inch, a standard unit of air pressure.
l B-pillar: The structural member at the side of the vehicle behind the front door\
.
l Bead area of the tire: Area of the tire next to the rim.
l Sidewall of the tire: Area between the bead area and the tread.
l Tread area of the tire: Area of the perimeter of the tire that contacts the road when mounted \
on the
vehicle.
l Rim: The metal support (wheel) for a tire or a tire and tube assembly upo\
n which the tire beads are
seated.
l Maximum load rating: a figure indicating the maximum load in pounds and kilograms that can \
be
carried by the tire. This rating is established by the tire manufacturer\
.
l Maximum permissible inflation pressure: the greatest amount of air pressure that should ever be
put in the tire. This limit is set by the tire manufacturer.
l Recommended tire inflation pressure: inflation pressure, established by Volvo, which is based on
the type of tires that are mounted on a vehicle at the factory. This inf\
lation pressure is affected by the
number of occupants in the car, the amount of cargo, and the speed at wh\
ich the vehicle will be driven
for a prolonged period. This information can be found on the tire inflat\
ion placard(s) located on the
driver's side B-pillar or on the inside of the fuel filler door on Canad\
ian models, and in the tire inflation
table in this chapter.
l Cold tires: The tires are considered to be cold when they have the same temperatur\
e as the
surrounding (ambient) air. This temperature is normally reached after \
the car has been parked for at least
3 hours.
pg. 121 Wheels and tires
Vehicle loading
Properly loading your vehicle will provide maximum return of vehicle des\
ign performance. Before
loading your vehicle, familiarize yourself with the following terms for \
determining your vehicle's weight
ratings, with or without a trailer, from the vehicle's Federal/Canadian \
Motor Vehicle Safety Standards
(FMVSS/CMVSS) label, and the vehicle's tire information placard:
Curb weight
The weight of the vehicle including a full tank of fuel and all standard\
equipment. It does not include
passengers, cargo, or optional equipment.
Capacity weight
All weight added to the curb weight, including cargo and optional equipm\
ent. When towing, trailer hitch
tongue load is also part of cargo weight.
NOTE: For trailer towing information, please refer to the section "Towin\
g a trailer" on
page 104.
Permissible axle weight
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2006 VOLVO XC90
The maximum allowable weight that can be carried by a single axle (fron\
t or rear). These numbers are
shown on the Federal/Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS/CMV\
SS) label. The total load
on each axle must never exceed its maximum permissible weight.
Gross vehicle weight (GVW)
The vehicle's curb weight + cargo + passengers.
NOTE:
l The location of the various labels in your vehicle can be found on page 172.
l A table listing important weight limits for your vehicle can be found on\
page 173.
Steps for Determining Correct Load Limit
(1) Locate the statement "the combined weight of occupants and cargo s\
hould never exceed XXX
pounds" on your vehicle's placard.
(2) Determine the combined weight of the driver and passengers that wi\
ll be riding in your vehicle.
(3) Subtract the combined weight of the driver and passengers from XXX\
kilograms or XXX pounds.
(4) The resulting figure equals the available amount of cargo and lugg\
age load capacity. For example, if
the "XXX" amount equals 1400 lbs. and there will be five 150 lb. passeng\
ers in your vehicle, the amount
of available cargo and luggage load capacity is 650 lbs. (1400-750 (5 \
x 150) = 650 lbs.)
(5) Determine the combined weight of luggage and cargo being loaded on\
the vehicle. That weight may
not safely exceed the available cargo and luggage load capacity calculat\
ed in Step 4.
(6) If your vehicle will be towing a trailer, load from your trailer w\
ill be transferred to your vehicle.
Consult this manual
1 to determine how this reduces the available cargo and luggage load capa\
city of
your vehicle.
WARNING!
- Exceeding the permissible axle weight, gross vehicle weight, or any ot\
her weight rating limits can
cause tire overheating resulting in permanent deformation or catastrophi\
c failure.
- Do not use replacement tires with lower load carrying capacities than \
the tires that were original
equipment on the vehicle because this will lower the vehicle's GVW ratin\
g. Replacement tires with a
higher limit than the originals do not increase the vehicle's GVW rating\
limitations.
1. See "Towing a trailer" on
page 104
pg. 122 Wheels and tires
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2006 VOLVO XC90
Uniform Tire Quality Grading
ALL PASSENGER VEHICLE TIRES MUST CONFORM TO FEDERAL SAFETY
REQUIREMENTS IN ADDITION TO THESE GRADES
Quality grades can be found, where applicable, on the tire sidewall betw\
een the tread shoulder
and maximum section width. For example:
Treadwear 200 Traction AA Temperature A
TREADWEAR
The treadwear grade is a comparative rating based on the wear rate of th\
e tire when tested under
controlled conditions on a specified government test course. For example\
, a tire graded 150 would wear
one and one half (1 1/2) times as well on the government course as a t\
ire graded 100. The relative
performance of tires depends upon the actual conditions of their use, ho\
wever, and many depart
significantly from the norm due to variation in driving habits, maintena\
nce practices and differences in
road characteristics and climate.
TRACTION
The traction grades, from highest to lowest, are AA, A, B, and C, as mea\
sured under controlled
conditions on specified government test surfaces of asphalt and concrete\
. A tire marked C may have
poor traction performance.
WARNING!
The traction grade assigned to this tire is based on braking (straight-\
ahead) traction tests and is not a
measure of cornering (turning) traction.
TEMPERATURE
The temperature grades are AA (the highest), A, B, and C, representing\
the tire's resistance to the
generation of heat and its ability to dissipate heat when tested under c\
ontrolled conditions on specified
indoor laboratory test wheel. Sustained high temperature can cause the m\
aterial of the tire to degenerate
and reduce tire life, and excessive temperature can lead to sudden tire \
failure. The grade C corresponds
to minimum level of performance that all passenger vehicle tires must me\
et under the Federal Motor
Safety Standard No. 109. Grades B and A represent higher levels of perfo\
rmance on the laboratory test
wheel than the minimum required by law.
WARNING!
The temperature grade for this tire is established for a tire that is pr\
operly inflated and not overloaded.
Excessive speed, under-inflation, or excessive loading, either separatel\
y or in combination, can cause
heat buildup and possible tire failure.
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2006 VOLVO XC90
pg. 123 Wheels and tires
Snow chains, snow tire, studded tires
Snow chains
Snow chains can be used on your Volvo with the following restrictions:
l Snow chains should be installed on front wheels only. Use only Volvo app\
roved snow chains.
l If accessory, aftermarket or "custom" tires and wheels are installed and\
are of a size different than the
original tires and wheels, chains in some cases CANNOT be used. Sufficie\
nt clearances between chains
and brakes, suspension and body components must be maintained.
l Some strap-on type chains will interfere with brake components and there\
fore CANNOT be used.
l All Wheel Drive models: Snow chains should only be installed on the fron\
t wheels. Only chains
adapted for AWD models should be used.
NOTE: Consult your Volvo retailer for additional snow chain information.
CAUTION
- Check local regulations regarding the use of snow chains before instal\
ling.
- Always follow the chain manufacturer's installation instructions caref\
ully. Install chains as tightly as
possible and retighten periodically.
- Never exceed the chain manufacturer's specified maximum speed limit. (\
Under no circumstances
should you exceed 31 mph 50 km/h)
- Avoid bumps, holes or sharp turns when driving with snow chains.
- The handling of the vehicle can be adversely affected when driving wit\
h chains. Avoid fast or sharp
turns as well as locked wheel braking.
Snow tires, studded tires
1
Tires for winter use:
- Owners who live in or regularly commute through areas with sustained p\
eriods of snow or icy driving
conditions are strongly advised to fit suitable winter tires to help ret\
ain the highest degree of traction.
- It is important to install winter tires on all four wheels to help ret\
ain traction during cornering, braking,
and accelerating. Failure to do so could reduce traction to an unsafe le\
vel or adversely affect handling.
- Do not mix tires of different design as this could also negatively aff\
ect overall tire road grip.
- Winter tires wear more quickly on dry roads in warm weather. They shou\
ld be removed when the
winter driving season has ended.
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2006 VOLVO XC90
- Studded tires should be run-in 300-600 miles (500-1000 km) during wh\
ich the car should be driven as
smoothly as possible to give the studs the opportunity to seat properly \
in the tires. The tires should have
the same rotational direction throughout their entire lifetime.
NOTE: Please consult state or provincial regulations restricting the use of st\
udded winter tires before
installing such tires.
1. Where permitted
pg. 124 Wheels and tires
Temporary Spare
The spare tire in your car is called a "Temporary Spare".
Recommended tire pressure (see the placard on the B-pillar or on the fu\
el filler door) should be
maintained irrespective of which position on the car the temporary spare\
tire is used on. In the event of
damage to this tire, a new one can be purchased from your Volvo retailer\
.
WARNING!
! Current legislation prohibits the use of the "Temporary Spare" tire ot\
her than as a temporary
replacement for a punctured tire. It must be replaced as soon as possibl\
e by a standard tire. Road
holding and handling may be affected with the "Temporary Spare" in use. \
Do not exceed 50 mph (80
km/h). Do not drive farther than 50 miles (80 km) on a temporary spar\
e tire.
CAUTION:
The car must not be driven with wheels of different dimensions or with a\
spare tire other than the one
that came with the car. The use of different size wheels can seriously d\
amage your car's transmission.
pg. 125 Wheels and tires
Changing wheels
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2006 VOLVO XC90

Changing wheels
1
Location of jack - five-seat models
The jack is located to the right under the rear hatch in the cargo area \
floor. Lift this hatch and release the
retaining strap to lift out the jack. The rear section of the jack's cra\
nk is held in place behind the battery.
The tool bag is stored to the left under the hatch. The front section of\
the crank is stored in the tool bag.
The tool bag also contains a tool for removing certain optional wheel co\
vers. Consult your Volvo
retailer.
NOTE: The rear section of the crank is enclosed in a protective sleeve that s\
hould be slid off before the
crank is used. We recommend reinserting the crank into this sleeve befor\
e the crank is stowed.
If the vehicle is equipped with the optional grocery bag holder: Fold up\
the rear section of the cargo area
floor, disconnect the grocery bag holder's retaining cords and fold up t\
he lower section of the floor to
access the tool bag.

Location of jack - seven-seat models
hatch in the cargo area floor. Lift this hatch and release the retaining\
strap to slide out the jack. The rear
section of the jack's crank is held in place behind the battery. The too\
l bag is stored to the left under the
hatch. The front section of the crank is stored in the tool bag.
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2006 VOLVO XC90
NOTE: The rear section of the crank is enclosed in a protective sleeve that sh\
ould be slid off before the
crank is used. We recommend reinserting the crank into this sleeve befor\
e the crank is stowed.
If the vehicle is equipped with the optional grocery bag holder: Fold up\
the rear section of the cargo area
floor, disconnect the grocery bag holder's retaining cords and fold up t\
he lower section of the floor.
CAUTION: Seven-seat models: Do not store objects in the area for the rear seat c\
ushions (when the
backrests are to be folded down). This could damage the cushions.
1. This applies to models not equipped with the tire sealing system (se\
e page 130 for information).
pg. 126 Wheels and tires
Changing wheels (contd)
Changing wheels - lowering the spare wheel
The spare wheel is located under the floor of the rear cargo compartment\
. It can be lowered using the
crank (see previous page for location).
WARNING!
When raising or lowering the spare wheel, please keep in mind that compo\
nents in the exhaust system
may be very hot.
Lowering the spare wheel:
1. Fold down the lower section of the tailgate.
2. Fold up the rear section of the floor in the cargo compartment.
3. Connect the two sections of the jack's crank.
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2006 VOLVO XC90
4. Insert the hooked end of the crank in the spare wheel retaining attac\
hment (see the illustration above).
5. Lower the spare wheel under the vehicle by turning the crank counterc\
lockwise until it is not possible
to turn it further.
6. Pivot the toggle at the end of the cable 90 degrees to release it fro\
m the spare wheel.
7. Crank up the cable again by turning the crank clockwise.CAUTION
When the spare wheel is mounted on the vehicle, the retaining cable coul\
d damage the underside of
the vehicle if it is not retracted.
8. Place the wheel with the flat tire in the vehicle's cargo compartment\
.
NOTE: The space under the vehicle is designed to hold the special spare wheel \
only. Other full-size
wheels will not fit in this compartment.
pg. 127 Wheels and tires

Returning the spare wheel to its storage compartment
1. Use the crank (turn it counterclockwise) to lower the spare wheel's\
retaining cable.
2. Pass the toggle at the end of the cable through the center hole in th\
e spare wheel. Pivot the toggle 90
degrees so that when raised, the wheel will rest on the toggle.
3. Retract the retaining cable slightly by slowly turning the crank cloc\
kwise several times.
4. Position the wheel so that it is not obstructed by components in the \
exhaust system.
5. Continue to raise the wheel by turning the crank clockwise.Raise the \
wheel a little bit at a time and
guide it around the rear axle until it is securely seated in the storage\
area.
6. When it is no longer possible to turn the crank any further, check th\
at the spare wheel is securely in
position in the storage compartment.
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2006 VOLVO XC90
pg. 128 Wheels and tires
Changing wheels (contd)

Jack attachment points
Jack attachments
There are two attachment points for the jack on each side of the vehicle\
. These attachment points are
under the center of each door.
WARNING!
- There is an attachment point on each side of the vehicle located under\
the pillars between the front
and rear doors. This point is used during the production process only, a\
nd is NOT intended for
attaching the jack.
-The undersides of accessory running boards are not intended for attachi\
ng the jack.
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2006 VOLVO XC90
Changing a wheel:
1. Park the vehicle on a firm, level, non-slippery surface.
2. Engage the parking brake and put the gear selector in the Park positi\
on.
3. Loosen the wheel bolts by exerting downward pressure on the lug wrenc\
h.
4. Remove the wheel cap (where applicable) using the lug wrench in the\
tool bag.
5. With the wheels still on the ground, use the lug wrench to loosen the\
wheel bolts 1/2 - 1 turn. Turn the
bolts counterclockwise to loosen the bolts. CAUTION
- The vehicle must not be driven with wheels of different dimensions or \
with a spare tire other than
the one that came with the vehicle. The use of different size wheels can\
seriously damage your
vehicle's transmission.
- Correct tightening torque on wheel bolts must be observed.
- The wheel bolts should never be greased or lubricated.
- Extended, chromed wheel bolts must not be used with steel rims, as the\
y make it impossible to fit
the hub caps.
pg. 129 Wheels and tires
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