sensor ACURA TL 1995 Service Manual PDF

Description
By integratin g a valv e int o th e muffler , i t wa s possibl e t o reduc e exhaus t nois e a t lo w engin e speed s an d t o improv e
engin e performanc e a t hig h engine speeds withou t enlargin g muffle r volume .
Th e variabl e flo w rat e exhaus t syste m is a simpl e mechanis m tha t use s n o sensors , controller s o r actuators . Openin g an d
closin g o f th e variabl e valv e i s controlle d b y exhaus t ga s pressure .
A t lo w engin e speeds :
Because o f th e lo w flow-rat e o f th e exhaus t gas , th e valv e wil l b e closed ; causin g th e ga s to flo w throug h passag e 1 . Thi s
cause s highe r exhaus t ga s backpressure , whic h dampen s exhaus t noise .
PASSAG E 1
VARIABL E VALV ECLOSE D
At hig h engine speeds :
Th e highe r exhaus t ga s flow-rat e cause s th e valv e t o open , allowin g th e ga s t o flo w throug h passage s 1 an d 2 . Exhaust
ga s backpressur e is decreased , givin g bette r engin e performance .
PASSAGE 1
VARIABLE VALV E
OPE N
PASSAG E 2
Muffle r (Wit h Variabl e Flo w Rat e Exhaus t System )
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System Description

Vacuum Connections (cont'd)

'95 - 96 models:

PRIMARY HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR (PRIMARY HO2S)

SECONDARY HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR (SECONDARY

HO2S)

MASS AIR FLOW (MAP) SENSOR

ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE (ECT) SENSOR

INTAKE AIR TEMPERATURE (IAT) SENSOR

FRONT KNOCK SENSOR (FKS)

REAR KNOCK SENSOR (RKS)

IDLE AIR CONTROL (IAC) VALVE

FAST IDLE THERMO VALVE

IDLE ADJUSTING SCREW

THROTTLE BODY (TB)

FUEL INJECTOR

FUEL FILTER

FUEL PRESSURE REGULATOR

FUEL PULSATION DAMPER

FUEL PUMP (FP)

FUEL TANK

FUEL TANK EVAPORATIVE EMISSION (EVAP) VALVE

AIR CLEANER

RESONATOR

CRANKSHAFT SPEED FLUCTUATION (CKF) SENSOR

INTAKE AIR BYPASS (IAB) CHECK VALVE
INTAKE AIR BYPASS (IAB) VACUUM TANK

INTAKE AIR BYPASS (IAB) CONTROL SOLENOID VALVE

INTAKE AIR BYPASS (IAB) CONTROL DIAPHRAGM

EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION (EGR) VACUUM CONTROL

VALVE

EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION (EGR) CONTROL

SOLENOID VALVE

EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION (EGR) VALVE

EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION (EGR) VALVE LIFT

SENSOR

POSITIVE CRANKCASE VENTILATION (PCV) VALVE

EVAPORATIVE EMISSION (EVAP) PURGE CONTROL

SOLENOID VALVE

EVAPORATIVE EMISSION (EVAP) PURGE FLOW SWITCH

EVAPORATIVE EMISSION (EVAP) CONTROL CANISTER

EVAPORATIVE EMISSION (EVAP) PURGE CONTROL

DIAPHRAGM VALVE

EVAPORATIVE EMISSION (EVAP) TWO WAY VALVE

WARM UP THREE WAY CATALYTIC CONVERTER (WU TWC)

THREE WAY CATALYTIC CONVERTER (TWC)

WATER VALVE CONTROL SOLENOID VALVE

WATER VALVE CONTROL DIAPHRAGM

WATER VALVE CHECK VALVEProCarManuals.com

'97 - 98 models:

Vacuum hose No.

PRIMARY HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR (PRIMARY HO2S)

SECONDARY HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR (SECONDARY

HO2S)

MASS AIR FLOW (MAP) SENSOR

ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE (ECT) SENSOR

INTAKE AIR TEMPERATURE (IAT) SENSOR

FRONT KNOCK SENSOR (FKS)

REAR KNOCK SENSOR (RKS)

IDLE AIR CONTROL (IAC) VALVE

FAST IDLE THERMO VALVE

IDLE ADJUSTING SCREW

THROTTLE BODY (TB)

FUEL INJECTOR

FUEL FILTER

FUEL PRESSURE REGULATOR

FUEL PULSATION DAMPER

FUEL PUMP (FP)

FUEL TANK

FUEL TANK EVAPORATIVE EMISSION (EVAP) VALVE

AIR CLEANER

RESONATOR

CRANKSHAFT SPEED FLUCTUATION (CKF) SENSOR

INTAKE AIR BYPASS (IAB) CHECK VALVE

INTAKE AIR BYPASS (IAB) VACUUM TANK

INTAKE AIR BYPASS (IAB) CONTROL SOLENOID VALVE
INTAKE AIR BYPASS (IAB) CONTROL DIAPHRAGM

EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION (EGR) VACUUM CONTROL

VALVE

EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION (EGR) CONTROL

SOLENOID VALVE

EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION (EGR) VALVE

EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION (EGR) VALVE LIFT

SENSOR

POSITIVE CRANKCASE VENTILATION (PCV) VALVE

EVAPORATIVE EMISSION (EVAP) PURGE CONTROL

SOLENOID VALVE

EVAPORATIVE EMISSION (EVAP) CONTROL CANISTER

EVAPORATIVE EMISSION (EVAP) CONTROL CANISTER

VENT SHUT VALVE

EVAPORATIVE EMISSION (EVAP) THREE WAY VALVE

EVAPORATIVE EMISSION (EVAP) TWO WAY VALVE

EVAPORATIVE EMISSION (EVAP) BYPASS SOLENOID

VALVE

FUEL TANK PRESSURE SENSOR

WARM UP THREE WAY CATALYTIC CONVERTER (WU TWC)

THREE WAY CATALYTIC CONVERTER (TWC)

WATER VALVE CONTROL SOLENOID VALVE

WATER VALVE CONTROL DIAPHRAGM

WATER VALVE CHECK VALVEProCarManuals.com

Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting Procedures (cont'd)

ECM Data

By connecting the OBD II scan tool or the Honda PGM Tester to the 16P data link connector (DLC), various data can be

retrieved from the ECM. The items listed in the table below conform to the SAE recommended practice.

The Honda PGM Tester also reads data beyond that recommended by SAE.

Understanding this data will help to find the causes of intermittent failures or engine problems.

NOTE:

• The "operating values" given below are approximate values and may be different depending on the environment and

the individual vehicle.

• Unless noted otherwise, "at idle speed" means idling with the engine completely warmed up, the transmission in posi-

tion or , and the A/C and all accessories turned off.

Data
Description
Operating Value

Freeze Data

Diagnostic

Trouble Code

(DTC)
If the ECM detects a problem, it will store it as a code

consisting of one letter and four numbers.

Depending on the problem, an SAE-defined code

(P0xxx)
or a
Honda-defined code
(P1xxx)
will
be
output

to the tester.
If no problem is detected,

there is no output.

Engine Speed

The ECM computes engine speed from the signals sent

from the Crankshaft Position sensor.

This data is used for determining the time and amount

of fuel injection.
Nearly the same as

tachometer indication

At idle speed:

700 ± 50 rpm

Vehicle Speed

The ECM converts pulse signals from the Vehicle

Speed Sensor (VSS) into speed data.
Nearly the same as

speedometer indication

Mass Air

Flow (MAF)
The MAF sensor measures the volume of the air that

flows into the engine, and sends voltage signals to the

ECM.
At idle speed:

2.2 - 4.4 g/sec

At 2,500 rpm with not

load:

7.5- 13.0 g/sec

Engine Coolant

Temperature

(ECT)
The ECT sensor converts coolant temperature into

voltage and signals the ECM. The sensor is a thermistor

whose internal resistance changes with coolant

temperature. The ECM uses the voltage signals from

the ECT sensor to determine the amount of injected

fuel.
With cold engine:

Same as ambient temper-

ature and IAT

With engine warmed up:

90 - 96°C

Heated Oxygen

Sensor (HO2S)

(Primary)

(Secondary)
The Heated Oxygen Sensor detects the oxygen content

in the exhaust gas and sends voltage signals to the

ECM. Based on these signals, the ECM controls the

air/fuel ratio. When the oxygen content is high (that is,

when the ratio is leaner than the stoichiometric ratio),

the voltage signal is lower. When the oxygen content is

low (that is, when the ratio is richer than the stoichio-

metric ratio), the voltage signal is higher.
0.0-1.25V

At idle speed:

about 0.1-0.9VProCarManuals.com

Data
Description

Operating Value
Freeze Data

HO2S

Feedback

Loop Status
Loop status is indicated as "open" or "closed".

Closed: Based on the HO2S output, the ECM deter-

mines the air/fuel ratio and controls the amount of

injected fuel.

Open: Ignoring HO2S output, the ECM refers to signals

from the TP, MAF, and ECT sensors to control the

amount of injected fuel.
At idle speed: closed

Short Term

Fuel Trim
The air/fuel ratio correction coefficient for correcting

the amount of injected fuel when H02S feedback is in

the closed loop status. When the signal from the H02S

is weak, short term fuel trim gets higher, and the ECM

increases the amount of injected fuel. The air/fuel ratio

gradually gets richer, causing a higher HO2S output.

Consequently, the short term fuel trim is lowered, and

the ECM reduces the amount of injected fuel. This

cycle keeps the air/fuel ratio close to the stoichiometric

ratio when in closed loop status.
±20%

Long Term

Fuel Trim
Long term fuel trim is computed from short term fuel

trim and indicates changes occurring in the fuel supply

system over a long period.

If long term fuel trim is higher than 1.00, the amount of

injected fuel must be increased. If it is lower than 1.00,

the amount of injected fuel must be reduced.
±20%

Intake Air

Temperature

(IAT)
The IAT sensor converts intake air temperature into

voltage and signals the ECM. When intake air tempera-

ture is low, the internal resistance of the sensor

increases, and the voltage signal is higher.
With cold engine:

Same as ambient temper-

ature and ECT

Throttle

Position
Based on the accelerator pedal position, the opening

angle of the throttle valve is indicated.
At idle speed:

approx. 10%

Ignition

Timing
Ignition timing is the ignition advance angle set by the

ECM. The ECM matches ignition timing to the driving

conditions.
At idle speed: 15° ±2°

BTDC with the SCS service

connector connected.

Calculated

Load Value

(CLV)
CLV is the engine load calculated from the MAF data.
At idle speed:

14-27%

At 2,500 rpm with no load:

13-26%ProCarManuals.com

PGM-FI System

System Description

INPUTS
ENGINE CONTROL MODULE (ECM)

OUTPUTS

Fuel Injectors

PGM-FI Main Relay (Fuel Pump)

MIL

IAC Valve

A/C Compressor Clutch Relay

Radiator Fan Relay

Condenser Fan Relay

ALT

ICM

EVAP Purge Control Solenoid

Valve

Primary HO2S Heater

Secondary H02S Heater

EGR Control Solenoid Valve

IAB Control Solenoid Valve

EVAP Bypass Solenoid Valve*2

EVAP Control Canister Vent Shut

Valve*2

*1: '95-96 models

*2: '97 - 98 models

PGM-FI System

The PGM-FI system on this model is a sequential multiport fuel injection system.

Fuel injector Timing and Duration

The ECM contains memories for the basic discharge durations at various engine speeds and manifold air flow rates. The

basic discharge duration, after being read out from the memory, is further modified by signals sent from various sensors

to obtain the final discharge duration.

Idle Air Control

Idle Air Control Valve (IAC Valve)

When the engine is cold, the A/C compressor is on, the transmission is in gear, the brake pedal is depressed, the P/S load

is high, or the alternator is charging, the ECM controls current to the IAC Valve to maintain the correct idle speed.

Ignition Timing Control

• The ECM contains memories for basic ignition timing at various engine speeds and manifold air flow rates. Ignition

timing is also adjusted for engine coolant temperature.

• A knock control system is also used. When detonation is detected by a knock sensor (KS), the ignition timing is retarded.

Other Control Functions

1. Starting Control

When the engine is started, the ECM provides a rich mixture by increasing fuel injector duration.

2. Fuel Pump Control

• When the ignition switch is initially turned on, the ECM supplies ground to the PGM-FI main relay that supplies

current to the fuel pump for two seconds to pressurize the fuel system.

• When the engine is running, the ECM supplies ground to the PGM-FI main relay that supplies current to the fuel pump.

• When the engine is not running and the ignition is on, the ECM cuts ground to the PGM-FI main relay which cuts

current to the fuel pump.

3. Fuel Cut-off Control

• During deceleration with the throttle valve closed, current to the fuel injectors is cut off to improve fuel economy at

speeds over 1,250 rpm.

• Fuel cut-off action also takes place when engine speed exceeds 7,100 rpm, regardless of the position of the throttle

valve, to protect the engine from over-revving.
CKP/TDC/CYP Sensor

CKF Sensor

MAF Sensor

ECT Sensor

IAT Sensor

TP Sensor

EGR Valve Lift Sensor

Primary HO2S

Secondary H02S

VSS

BARO Sensor

ELD

Front KS

Rear KS

Starter Signal

ALT FR Signal

Air Conditioning Signal

A/T Gear Position Signal

Battery Voltage (IGN.1)

Brake Switch Signal

PSP Switch Signal

EVAP Purge Flow Switch*1

Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor*2ProCarManuals.com

4. A/ C Compresso r Clutc h Rela y
When th e EC M receive s a deman d fo r coolin g fro m th e ai r conditionin g system , i t delay s th e compresso r fro m bein g
energized , an d enriche s th e mixtur e to assur e smoot h transitio n to th e A/ C mode .
5 . Evaporativ e Emissio n (EVAP ) Purg e Contro l Solenoi d Valv e
Whe n th e engin e coolan t temperatur e i s belo w 167° F (75°C ) ('9 7 - 9 8 models : 158° F (70°C) , th e EC M control s th e
EVA P purg e contro l solenoi d valv e whic h cut s vacuu m to th e EVA P purg e contro l caniste r diaphragm .
6 . Intak e Ai r Bypas s (IAB ) Contro l Solenoi d Valv e
Whe n th e engin e spee d i s belo w 4,80 0 rpm , th e IA B contro l solenoi d valv e i s activate d b y a signa l fro m th e ECM ,
intak e ai r flow s throug h th e smalle r chamber , the n hig h torqu e i s delivered. At speed s highe r tha n 4,80 0 rpm , th e
solenoi d valv e i s deactivate d b y th e ECM , an d intak e ai r flow s throug h th e large r chambe r i n orde r t o reduc e th e
resistanc e in airflow .
7 . Exhaus t Ga s Recirculatio n (EGR ) Contro l Solenoi d Valv e
Whe n th e EG R is require d fo r contro l o f oxide s o f nitroge n (NOx ) emissions , th e EC M control s th e EG R contro l
solenoi d valv e whic h supplie s regulate d vacuu m to th e EG R valve .
8 . Alternato r Contro l
Th e syste m control s th e voltag e generate d a t th e alternato r i n accordanc e wit h th e electrica l loa d an d drivin g mode ,
whic h reduce s th e engin e loa d to improv e th e fue l economy .
ECM Fail-safe/Back-u p Function s
1. Fail-saf e Functio n
Whe n a n abnormalit y occur s in a signa l fro m a sensor , th e EC M ignore s tha t signa l an d assume s a pre-programme d
valu e fo r tha t senso r tha t allow s th e engin e to continu e to run .
2 . Back-u p Functio n
Whe n a n abnormalit y occur s in th e EC M itself , th e fue l injector s ar e controlle d b y a back-u p circui t independen t o f th e
syste m in orde r t o permi t minima l driving .
3 . Self-diagnosi s Functio n [Malfunctio n Indicato r Lam p (MIL) ]
Whe n a n abnormalit y occur s i n a signa l fro m a sensor , th e EC M supplie s groun d fo r th e MI L an d store s th e DT C in
erasable memory . Whe n th e ignitio n i s initiall y turne d on , th e EC M supplie s ground for th e MI L fo r tw o second s t o
chec k th e MI L bul b condition .
4 . Tw o Tri p Detectio n Metho d ('9 5 - 9 6 models )
T o preven t fals e indications , th e Tw o Tri p Detectio n Metho d is use d fo r th e MA F sensor , H02S , fue l metering-related ,
idl e contro l system , EC T sensor , an d EG R syste m self-diagnosti c functions . Whe n a n abnormalit y occurs , th e EC M
store s i t i n it s memory . Whe n th e sam e abnormalit y recur s afte r th e ignitio n switc h i s turne d OF F an d O N (II ) again ,
th e EC M inform s th e drive r b y lightin g th e MIL .
However ,
to eas e troubleshooting , thi s functio n is cancelle d when you shor t the servic e check connector . The MI L will
the n blin k immediatel y whe n a n abnormalit y occurs .
5 . Tw o (o r Three ) Drivin g Cycl e Detectio n Metho d ('9 5 - 9 6 models )
A "Drivin g Cycle " consist s o f startin g th e engine , beginnin g close d loo p operation , an d stoppin g th e engine . I f misfir -
in g tha t increase s emission s o r EVA P contro l syste m malfunctio n i s detecte d i n tw o consecutiv e drivin g cycles , o r
TW C deterioratio n is detecte d in thre e consecutiv e drivin g cycles , th e EC M turn s th e MI L on .
However , t o eas e troubleshooting , thi s functio n is cancelle d whe n yo u shor t th e servic e chec k connector . Th e MI L wil l
the n blin k immediatel y whe n a n abnormalit y occurs .
6 . Tw o Drivin g Cycl e Detectio n Metho d ('9 7 - 9 8 models )
T o preven t fals e indications , th e "tw o drivin g cycl e detectio n method " i s use d fo r th e H02S , fue l metering-related ,
idl e contro l system , EC T sensor , EG R system , TW C an d EVA P contro l syste m an d othe r self-diagnosti c functions .
Whe n a n abnormalit y occurs , th e EC M store s i t i n it s memory . Whe n th e sam e abnormalit y recur s afte r switc h i s
turne d OF F an d O N (II ) again , th e EC M inform s th e drive r b y turnin g o n th e MIL .
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PGM-FI Syste m
Engine Contro l Modul e (ECM ) (cont'd )
(From pag e 11-53 )
Chec k fo r a shor t i n th e wir e (MI L
line) :1. Tur n th e ignitio n switc h OFF .2. Disconnec t th e EC M connec -
to r A (26P) .
3. Tur n th e ignitio n switc h O N (II) .
Is th e MI L ON ?Repai r shor t t o bod y groun d i n
th e wir e betwee n th e EC M (A7 )
and MIL .
Substitut e a known-goo d EC M
an d recheck . I f symptom/indica -
tio n goe s away , replac e th e origi -
nal ECM .
(From pag e 11-53 )
I s th e fus e OK ? Repai
r shor t i n th e wir e
betwee n EC U (ECM ) (1 5 A )
fus e an d PGM-F I mai n relay .
Replac e EC U (ECM ) (1 5 A ) fuse .
Inspec t No . 2 FUE L PUM P (1 5 A )
fus e i n th e under-das h fuse/rela y
box.
Is th e fus e OK ? Repai
r shor t i n th e wir e
betwee n No . 2 FUE L PUM P
(1 5 A ) fus e an d PGM-F I mai nrelay .Replac e No . 2 FUE L PUM P(15A) fuse.
Chec k fo r a shor t i n a sensor :
1. Tur n th e ignitio n switc h ON .2. Disconnec t th e 3 P connecto r
o f eac h senso r on e a t time :
• T P senso r
• EG R valv e lif t senso r
• Fue l tan k pressur e senso r
('97-98 models )
(To pag e 11-55 )
ProCarManuals.com

(From pag e 11-54 )
Doe s th e MI L g o of f momentarily ?
I s ther e batter y voltage ?
Chec k fo r a n ope n i n th e wire s
(LG1 , LG 2 lines) :
1 . Reconnec t al l senso r connec -
tors .
2 . Reconnec t th e EC M connecto r
D (22P) .3. Tur n th e ignitio n switc h O N (II) .4. Measur e voltag e betwee n bod y
groun d an d EC M connecto r
terminal s A2 6 an d B 9 individu -
ally .
I s ther e les s tha n 1. 0 V ?
Substitut e a known-goo d EC M
an d recheck . I f symptom/indica -
tio n goe s away , replac e th e origi -
nal ECM .
Replac e th e senso r tha t cause dthe ligh t t o g o out .
ECM CONNECTO R D (22P )
Repai r shor t t o bod y groun d
in th e wir e betwee n EC M(D10) , T P senso r an d fue l tan k
pressur e senso r ('9 7 model) .
Repai r shor t t o bod y groun d in
th e wir e betwee n EC M (D21 )
an d EG R valv e lif t sensor .
A (26P)
Repai r ope n i n th e wire(s )
betwee n EC M (A13 , B1 ) an d
PGM-F I mai n relay .
Chec k fo r poo r connection s
o r loos e wire s a t th e PGM-F I
mai n relay . Wir
e sid e o f femal e terminal s
EC M CONNECTOR S
A (26P)B (16P)
Repai r ope n i n th e wire(s )
betwee n EC M (A26 , B9 ) an d
G10 1 tha t ha d mor e tha n 1. 0 V . EC
M CONNECTOR S
B (16P)
Wire sid e o f femal e terminal s
Chec k fo r a n ope n i n th e wire s
(IGP1 , IGP 2 lines) :
1 . Disconnec t th e junctio n con -
nector , MA F senso r an d IA C
valv e connectors .
2. Tur n th e ignitio n switc h O N (II) .3. Measur e voltag e betwee n bod ygroun d an d EC M connecto rterminals A1 3 an d B 1 individu -
ally .I
s ther e continuity ?
Chec
k fo r a shor t i n th e wire s
(VCC1 , VCC 2 lines) :
1. Tur n th e ignitio n switc h OFF .2. Disconnec t th e EC M connec -tor D (22P) .3. Chec k fo r continuit y betwee nbody groun d an d EC M con -necto r terminal s D1 0 an d D2 1individually .
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Idle Control System

System Description

The idle speed of the engine is controlled by the Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve.

The valve changes the amount of air bypassing into the intake manifold in response to electric current controlled by the

ECM. When the IAC Valve is activated, the valve opens to maintain the proper idle speed.

From

PGM-FI

MAIN

RELAY

INTAKE

MANIFOLD
VARIOUS SENSORS

FAST

IDLE

THERMO

VALVE
IDLE

ADJUSTING

SCREW
ENGINE

COOLANT
ENGINE

COOLANT

IAC VALVE
ECMProCarManuals.com