AUDI TT ROADSTER 2016 Owners Manual

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The park assist cannot be used to park the
vehicle on tight bends.
Switching on and off
Applies to: vehicles with park assist
Fig. 116 Centre console: Button for park assist
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Fig. 117 Instrument cluster: Looking for a parking space.
@ parallel to the roadside, @ perpendicular to the road­
side
� To park parallel to the roadside, press the
I@ button once¢ Fig. 116. Display @
¢ Fig. 117 will appear on the infotainment sys­
tem. Or:
� To park perpendicular to the roadside, press
the I@ button twice. Display ® will appear.
� The LED in the I@ button is lit if the park assist
is switched on.
� To switch off the park assist, press the I@ but­
ton. The LED in the I@ button will go out. Parking aids
Looking for a parking space
Applies to: vehicles with park assist
Fig. 118 Instrument cluster: Prompt to keep driving for­
wards (a parking space has been detected)
The section below describes how to park parallel
to the roadside. The procedure for parking per­
pendicular to the roadside is similar.
Important: For the best parking result, you
should maintain a distance of approx. 1 metre to
the row of parked cars.
� Activate the turn signal for the side on which
you want to park.
� To park parallel to the roadside, drive forwards
at not more than 30 km/h. Or:
� To park perpendicular to the roadside, drive
forwards at not more than 20 km/h.
� The system will display a parking space when it
finds one¢ Fig. 118. Please check that the
parking space is suitable for your vehicle.
If you exceed a speed of about 50 km/h, the park
assist will be switched off.
The park assist will display a parking space only if
it is Long and wide enough for the vehicle.
If you operate the left turn signal, the display
will show the left side of the road (and vice-ver­
sa).
@ Note
- You can activate the park assist after you
have already driven past a parking space (as
Long as you were driving slowly enough). To
do so, press the I@ button and operate the
turn signal.
109

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aids
- The best parking results will be achieved if
you position the vehicle as parallel as possi­
ble to the line of parked cars or the kerb be­
fore you start the actual parking manoeu­
vre.
-If there are suitable parking spaces on both
sides of the road (for instance on a one-way
street), you can change the direction of the
turn signals to park on the other side, even
if you have already activated the park assist.
Parking parallel to the roadside
Applies to: vehicles with park assist
The driver is responsible for parking the vehicle.
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Fig. 119 Instrument cluster: Prompt to select reverse
gear
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Fig. 120 Instrument cluster: Manoeuvring into a parking
space
� Drive forwards until the arrow is displayed
¢Fig. 119 ¢.&.
in Description on page 108,
¢ (D
in Description on page 108.
� After
stopping for a moment, select reverse
gear.
� Wait until the following text appears in the dis­
play: Park assist: steering assistance active.
Please drive slowly and operate the brakes
yourself.
� Take your hands off the steering wheel.
110 �
Watch the road. When the road is clear, press
the accelerator gently ¢.&.
in Description on
page 108, ¢(D
in Description on page 108.
� Follow the instructions on the display
¢page 111 and the acoustic warning tones
until the parking manoeuvre is complete. The
arrows show the required direction of travel.
The park assist automatically steers the vehicle
into the parking space while the driver operates
the pedals (accelerator, brake, clutch*). The max­
imum parking speed is 7 km/h. The park assist
will be deactivated if you drive too fast or move
the steering wheel by hand. To continue the park­
ing manoeuvre, press the I@ button again. The
park assist display will reappear in the instru­
ment cluster.
Driving out of a parking space parallel to
the roadside
Applies to: vehicles with park assist
The driver is responsible for manoeuvring the ve­
hicle out of the parking space.
If the vehicle is parked parallel to the roadside,
the park assist can help you to manoeuvre the ve­
hicle so that you can drive straight out of the
parking space.
� Start the engine.
� Press the I@ button ¢ page 109, Fig. 116.
� Wait until the following text appears on the in­
fotainment display: To leave parking space se­
lect reverse gear and operate turn signal.
� Operate the appropriate turn signal.
� Engage reverse gear.
� Take your hands off the steering wheel.
� Watch the road. When the road is clear, press
the accelerator gently ¢.&.
in Description on
page 108, ¢(D
in Description on page 108.
� Follow
the instructions on the display
¢page 111 and the acoustic warning tones
until you are clear to leave the parking space.
� The procedure is over when no more manoeu­
vring is necessary in order to drive out of the
space. Take over the steering.
The park assist automatically steers the vehicle
out of the parking space while the driver operates
the pedals (accelerator, brake, clutch*). The
�

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manoeuvring speed is 5 km/h. The
park assist will be deactivated if you drive too
fast or move the steering wheel by hand. To con­
tinue the parking manoeuvre, switch the engine
off/on. Then press the I@ button again. Alterna­
tively, drive out of the parking space without us­
ing the park assist.
Driver messages
Applies to: vehicles with park assist
Iii! Park assist: steering assistance active.
Please drive slowly and operate the brakes your­
self
The park assist is ready. You can now park the ve­
hicle. Watch the road ¢ & in Description on
page 108.
Ill Park assist: ended. Please take over steer­
ing.
The park assist has finished the parking manoeu­
vre.
Ill Park assist: cancelled. Continue steering ve­
hicle!
The park assist has interrupted the parking ma­
noeuvre to avoid a collision between the vehicle
and an obstacle.
Ill Park assist: cancelled. Steering input detec­
ted. Continue steering vehicle!
The steering assistant has been deactivated be­
cause the driver has intervened in the steering.
To continue the parking manoeuvre, press the
I@ button again.
[9] Reduce your speed! For the best results when
passing the line of parked cars where you want to
park, do not drive faster than 30 km/h (if parking
parallel to the roadside) or 20 km/h (if parking
perpendicular to the roadside) ¢ page 109.
Ill Park assist: cancelled. Speed too high. Con­
tinue steering vehicle!
You were driving too fast into the parking space.
Do not exceed 7 km/h when driving into the park-
� ing space.
� Ill
Park assist: currently unavailable. Stabilisa­
o
[;:j tion
control (ESC) off Parking aids
Switch the ES( on to use the park assist.
Iii! To leave parking space select reverse gear
and operate turn signal
The park assist is ready. You can leave the park­
ing space. Watch the road ¢ & in Description on
page 108.
Ill Park assist: cancelled. Stabilisation control
(ESC) input. Continue steering vehicle!
Take over the steering. Finish parking without
the park assist or drive out of the parking space.
The park assist has interrupted the parking ma­
noeuvre, because the ESC has been switched off.
Take over the steering or switch on the ESC
¢page 114 and start the parking manoeuvre
again ¢page 109.
Ill Park assist: ended. Please take over steering
and continue driving.
The park assist has finished manoeuvring the ve­
hicle out of the parking space. Please take over
the steering.
Ill Park assist: cancelled. Space too small
The assist function is unable to automatically
steer the vehicle out of the parking space be­
cause the space is too small. Manoeuvre the vehi­
cle out of the parking space without using the
park assist.
Ill Park assist: time limit exceeded
Ill Park assist: cancelled. Time limit exceeded.
Continue steering vehicle!
The parking manoeuvre was not completed with­
in about six minutes after the park assist was ac­
tivated. To continue the parking manoeuvre,
press the I@ button again.
Ill Park assist: currently unavailable
Ill Park assist: currently unavailable. Continue
steering vehicle!
The park assist cannot be used to park the vehi­
cle. Try repeating the parking manoeuvre or
switching the ignition off and on again.
Ill Park assist: not stopped long enough
Ill-
111

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aids
After you select reverse gear, the vehicle has to
remain stationary for a moment so that the park
assist can activate the steering. Follow the direc­
tions given in the display.
II Park assist: fault. Please contact workshop
Ill Park assist: fault. Continue steering vehicle!
Please contact workshop
Please contact a qualified workshop. The park as­
sist cannot be used to park the vehicle if a system
fault occurs.
II Park assist: cancelled. Space too small. Con­
tinue steering vehicle!
The park assist cannot be used to park the vehicle
in this space. Park the vehicle without using the
park assist or look for a bigger space.
Adjusting graphic display
and warning beeps
Applies to: vehicles with parking system plus/park assist
The settings for the graphic display and acoustic
signals are controlled via the infotainment sys­
tem.
.. Select the following on the infotainment sys­
tem: I MENU I button > Car > left control button
> Driver assist> Parking aid.
Warning beeps
Front volume -Volume for the front and side*
zones
Rear volume -Volume for the rear zone
In-car entertainment fader -The volume of the
current audio or video source is reduced when the
parking aid is switched on.
You will hear a short test tone each time you
make a new setting.
� Note
The settings will be automatically stored and
assigned to the remote control key in use.
112 Fault
warnings
Applies to: vehicles with rear parking aid/parking system
plus/park assist
Rear parking aid: fault. Obstacles cannot be de­
tected
Parking aid: fault. Obstacles cannot be detected
If the LED in the P,J1A button starts flashing when
you switch the system on, a system fault has oc­
curred. If the fault is not corrected before you
switch off the ignition, it will only be indicated by
the flashing LED in the P&#39;),IA button the next time
you switch on the parking aid by engaging re­
verse gear. The fault warning can be displayed in
the second tab of the driver information system
as long as the fault is active.
Parking system plus*/parking system plus
and park assist*
If a sensor or loudspeaker malfunctions, the�
symbol will be shown on the infotainment sys­
tem in front of or behind the vehicle. If a rear
sensor malfunctions, obstacles will only be dis­
played in zones (D and @ ¢page 104, Fig. 106.
If a front sensor malfunctions, obstacles will only
be displayed in zones @ and @ .
Drive to a qualified workshop soon and have the
fault rectified.

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Electronic stabilisation
control (ESC)
Description
The electronic stabilisation control (ESC) increa­
ses the car&#39;s stability. It reduces the tendency to
skid and improves the stability and road holding
of the vehicle. The ESC detects critical handling
situations, such as understeer, oversteer and
wheelspin on the driven wheels. It stabilises the
vehicle by braking individual wheels or by reduc­
ing the engine torque. The indicator lamp DJ in
the instrument cluster starts flashing as soon as
the ESC intervenes.
The following systems are integrated in the ESC:
Anti-lock brake system (ABS)
ABS prevents the wheels from locking up under
braking until the vehicle has reached a virtual
standstill. You can continue to steer the vehicle
even when the brakes are on full. Keep your foot
on the brake pedal and do not pump the brakes.
You will feel the brake pedal pulsate while the
anti-lock brake system is working.
Brake assist system
The brake assist system can shorten the braking
distance. The braking force is automatically boos­
ted if you press the brake pedal quickly in an
emergency. You must keep pressing the brake
pedal until the danger has passed.
Traction control system (ASR)
In the event of wheelspin, the traction control
system reduces the engine torque to match the
amount of grip available. This helps the car to
start moving, accelerate or climb a gradient.
Electronic differential lock (EDL)
When the EDL detects wheelspin, it brakes the
spinning wheel and directs the power to the oth­
er driven wheel (or wheels on quattro* versions).
0 This
function is not available at high speeds.
� To
prevent the disc brake of the braked wheel
8 from
overheating, the EDL cuts out automatically
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Vl Intelligent
technology
if subjected to excessive loads. The vehicle can
still be driven. The EDL will switch on again auto­
matically when the brake has cooled down.
Steering recommendation
The ESC helps to stabilise the vehicle by changing
the steering wheel torque.
Selective wheel torque control
Selective wheel torque control intervenes when
cornering by braking the wheel(s) on the inside of
the bend individually as required. This enables
precision cornering. The relevant system may not
intervene in the wet or snow.
Multicollision brake assist system
The &#34;multicollision brake assist system&#34; can help
to reduce the risk of skidding and further colli­
sions during an accident. If the airbag control
unit detects that a collision has taken place up­
wards of a certain speed, the vehicle is braked by
the ESC.
The vehicle will not be braked automatically if:
- the driver presses the accelerator,
- the brake pressure applied by pressing the
brake pedal is higher than the brake pressure
initiated by the system,
- or the ESC, the brake system or the vehicle&#39;s
electrical system are not fully functional.
A WARNING
- The grip provided by the ESC and the inte­
grated systems is still subject to the physi­
cal limits of adhesion. Always bear this in
mind, especially on wet or slippery roads. If
you notice the systems cutting in, you
should reduce your speed immediately to
suit the road and traffic conditions. Do not
let the extra safety provided tempt you into
taking any risks when driving -this can
cause accidents.
- Remember that the accident risk always in­
creases if you drive fast, especially in cor­
ners or on a wet or slippery road, or if you
follow too close behind the vehicle in front
of you. Please bear in mind that even the
113

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ESC and the integrated systems cannot
compensate for the increased accident risk.
- When accelerating on a uniformly slippery
surface (for instance all four wheels on ice
or snow), press the accelerator gradually
and carefully. The driven wheels may other­
wise start to spin (in spite of the integrated
control systems), which would impair the
car&#39;s stability and could lead to an accident.
@ Note
- The ABS and ASR systems can only work
properly if all four tyres have a similar de-
Switching on/off gree of
wear. Any differences in the rolling
radius of the tyres can cause the system to
reduce engine power when this is not de­
sired.
- The systems can make noises when they in­
tervene.
The ESC is switched on automatically when the engine is started.
the ESC is restricted or switched off, and the ve­
hicle is stabilised to a greater or lesser degree.
In the following special situations, it may be ad­
visable to switch on the sport mode to allow a
certain amount of wheels pin:
- Rocking the car backwards and forwards to free
it
- Driving in deep snow or on loose surfaces
- Driving with snow chains
The ESC operates in several levels. Depending on
which level is selected, the stabilising function of
Sport mode on
Cha racteris- The
stabilising function of
tics the
ESC and traction control
system (ASR) is restricted
¢ &_ .
Controls Press
the I� OFF! button
briefly.
Indicator II
lights up.
lamps
Driver mes- Stabilisation
control (ESC):
sages sport. Warning! Restricted
stability
114 ESC/ASR
off
The stabilisation function is
no longer available
¢&.
.
ESC and traction control
system (ASR) are switched
off.
Press the I� OFF! button for
longer than 3 seconds.
II and@i lt)U
* light
up.
Stabilisation control (ESC):
switched off. Warning! Re-
stricted stability Sport
mode off or ESC/ ASR
on
The stabilising function of
the ESC and traction control
system (ASR) is fully availa-
ble again.
Press the I� o FF I button
again.
II goes out, or II and
lii l
•l�� *
go
out.
Stabilisation control (ESC):
switched on

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WARNING
You should switch on the sport mode or
switch off the ESC/traction control system
(ASR) only if your driving ability and the traf­
fic conditions allow you to do so safely -dan­
ger of skidding!
- The stabilising function is restricted when
sport mode is switched on. The driven
wheels may start to spin, causing the vehi­
cle to lose grip, in particular on slippery or
wet roads.
- When the ESC/traction control system
(ASR) is switched off, the vehicle will not be
stabilised.
@ Note
- The ESC/traction control system (ASR) can­
not be switched off and the sport mode can­
not be switched on when the cruise control
system* is on.
- In the event of a malfunction in the rear
spoiler system or the Audi magnetic ride, it
may not be possible to switch off the ESC/
ASR or switch on the sport mode.
Brakes
New brake pads
New brake pads do not give full braking effect for
the first 400 km, they must first be &#34;bedded in&#34;.
However, you can compensate for the slightly re­
duced braking effect by applying more pressure
on the brake pedal. Avoid placing a heavy load on
the brakes during the running-in period.
Wear
The rate of wear on the brake pads depends a
great deal on how you drive and the conditions in
which the vehicle is operated. Negative factors
are, for instance, city traffic, frequent short trips
or hard driving with abrupt starts and stops.
Noises
Brake noise may develop in certain situations, de­
pending on the speed, braking force and ambient
conditions (such as temperature and relative hu­
midity). Intelligent
technology
Effect of moisture and salt
In certain conditions, such as in heavy rain, early
morning dew, or after washing the car or driving
through water, the full braking effect can be de­
layed by moisture (or in winter by ice) on the
discs and brake pads. The brakes should be
&#34;dried&#34; by pressing the pedal to restore full brak­
ing effect.
When you are driving at higher speeds with the
windscreen wipers on, the brake pads are very
briefly brought into contact with the brake discs.
This automatic process which goes unnoticed by
the driver is carried out at regular intervals and is
intended to improve braking response in wet con­
ditions.
The effectiveness of the brakes can also be tem­
porarily reduced if the car is driven for some dis­
tance without using the brakes when there is a
lot of salt on the road in winter. The layer of salt
that accumulates on the discs and pads can be
removed with a few cautious brake applications.
Corrosion
There may be a tendency for dirt to build up on
the brake pads and corrosion to form on the discs
if the car is used infrequently, or if you only drive
low mileages without using the brakes very
much.
If the brakes are not used frequently, or if corro­
sion has formed on the discs, it is advisable to
clean off the pads and discs by braking firmly a
few times from a moderately high speed ¢ A.
Faults in the brake system
If the brake pedal travel should ever increase
suddenly, this may mean that one of the two
brake circuits has failed. Drive immediately to the
nearest qualified workshop and have the fault
rectified. On the way to the dealer, be prepared
to use more pressure on the brake pedal and al­
low for longer stopping distances.
Low brake fluid level
Malfunctions can occur in the brake system if the
brake fluid level is too low. The brake fluid level
is monitored electronically.
llll-
115

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Brake servo
The brake servo amplifies the pressure you apply
to the brake pedal.
A WARNING
- When applying the brakes to clean off de­
posits on the pads and discs, select a clear,
dry road. Be sure not to inconvenience or en­
danger other road users; do not risk an acci­
dent.
- Never let the car coast with the engine
switched off (this can cause accidents).
CD CAUTION
- Never let the brakes &#34;drag&#34; by leaving your
foot on the pedal
when
you do not really in­
tend to brake. This overheats the brakes, re­
sulting in longer stopping distances and
greater wear.
- Before driving down a long, steep gradient,
it is advisable to reduce speed and select a
lower gear. In this way you will make use of
the engine braking effect and relieve the
load on the brakes. If you still have to use
the brakes, it is better to brake firmly at in­
tervals than to apply the brakes continuous­
ly.
� Note
-If the brake servo is out of action, you must
apply considerably more pressure to the
brake pedal than you normally would.
- If you wish to equip the car with accessories
such as a front spoiler or wheel covers, it is
important that the flow of air to the front
wheels is not obstructed, otherwise the
brakes can overheat.
Electro-mechanical
power steering
Electro-mechanical power steering assists the
driver when steering.
The degree of power assistance is adapted elec­
tronically, depending on the speed.
116 Warning/indicator
lamps and driver
messages
• Steering: fault. Please stop vehicle
If the warning lamp Lights up permanently and
the message appears, there may be a power
steering failure.
Stop the vehicle in a safe place as soon as possi­
ble. Do NOT drive on. Obtain professional assis­
tance.
� Steering: fault. You can continue driving
If the indicator lamp lights up, the steering re­
sponse may be heavier or Lighter than usual. In
addition, it is possible that the steering wheel
will be off centre when driving in a straight Line.
Drive slowly to a qualified workshop and have the
fault rectified.
(&#39;!)) Note
You can drive on if the warning/indicator
lamp . or� Lights up only briefly.
Four-wheel drive
(quattro)
Applies to: vehicles with four-wheel drive
On quattro models the engine power is distrib­
uted to all four wheels.
General notes
On four-wheel drive vehicles, the engine power is
distributed to all four wheels. The distribution of
power is controlled automatically according to
your driving style and the road conditions. Also
refer to¢ page 113, Electronic stabilisation con­
trol (ESC).
The four-wheel drive is specially designed to
complement the superior engine power of your
Audi. This combination gives the car exceptional
handling and performance capabilities -both on
normal roads and in more difficult conditions,
such as snow and ice. Even so (or perhaps espe­
cially for this reason), it is important to observe
certain safety points¢&.
�

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CX) Winter
tyres
Thanks to its four-wheel drive, your car will have
plenty of traction in winter conditions, even with
the standard tyres. Nevertheless, we still recom­
mend that winter tyres or all-season tyres should
be fitted on all four wheels when winter road
conditions are expected, mainly because this will
give a better braking response.
Snow chains
On roads where snow chains are mandatory, this
also applies to cars with four-wheel drive
¢ page 2 5 7, Snow chains.
Replacing tyres
On vehicles with four-wheel drive, all four tyres
must have the same rolling circumference. Also
avoid using tyres with varying tread depths
¢ page 254, New wheels or tyres.
Off-roader?
Your Audi does not have enough ground clear­
ance to be used as an off-road vehicle. It is there­
fore best to avoid rough tracks and uneven ter­
rain as much as possible.
A WARNING
- Even with four-wheel drive, you should al­
ways adjust your speed to suit the condi­
tions. Do not Let the extra safety provided
tempt you into taking any risks when driving
- this can cause accidents.
- The braking ability of your car is limited by
the grip of the tyres. In this respect, your
car is no different from a car without four­
wheel drive. So do not be tempted to drive
too fast on icy or slippery roads just because
the car still has good acceleration in these
conditions -risk of accident!
- On wet roads bear in mind that the front
wheels may start to &#34;aquaplane&#34; and Lose
contact with the road if the car is driven too
fast. If this should happen, there will be no
sudden increase in engine speed to warn the
driver, as with a front-wheel drive car. So do
not drive too fast in the wet: adjust your
speed to suit the conditions (accident risk). Intelligent
technology
Rear spoiler
Applies to: vehicles with automatic rear spoiler
The automatic rear spoiler increases the car&#39;s
stability.
Fig. 122 Centre console: Button for rear spoiler
The rear spoiler can be extended or retracted
manually or automatically.
Automatic mode (normal operation)
- Automatic extension: The rear spoiler is auto­
matically extended at road speeds above ap­
proximately 120 km/h.
-Automatic retraction: The rear spoiler is auto­
matically retracted at road speeds below ap­
proximately 80 km/h.
Manual mode
- Manual extension: Briefly press the button
¢Fig. 122 to extend the rear spoiler all the way
out.
- Manual retraction: At road speeds up to about
20 km/h, press and hold the button to retract
the rear spoiler. At road speeds between
20 km/h and 120 km/h, press the button brief­
ly to retract the rear spoiler all the way back.
Warning and indicator lamps
1!1 !1111
R
ear
spoiler: fault. Please contact work­
shop
The rear spoiler may have failed to extend due to
a malfunction. In this case, the car&#39;s handling
may be different at high speeds. Drive to a quali­
fied workshop without delay (but do not exceed
140 km/h) and have the fault rectified. The col­
our of the Lamp depends on the current road
speed. l)IJ,,
117

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A WARNING
When extending or retracting the rear spoiler,
please make sure that no persons or objects
are close to the moving spoiler -risk of injury!
CD CAUTION
- If you need to push the vehicle, never put
your weight on the rear spoiler -Risk of
damage!
- To avoid damage to the rear spoiler, you
should not lean on it or apply any other type
of pressure.
- Do not operate the rear spoiler manually
when the boot lid is open or any moving
parts of the automatic rear spoiler are ob­
structed -risk of damage!
Note
Clean the rear spoiler housing every 2 to 3
months. The rear spoiler housing must be
free of ice, snow and leaves in order to oper­
ate correctly.
Power management
This system helps to ensure reliable
starting
The power management controls the distribu­
tion of electrical energy and thus helps to ensure
that there is always enough power available to
start the engine.
If a vehicle with a conventional electrical system
is left parked for a long time, the vehicle battery
will gradually lose its charge because certain
electrical equipment (such as the immobiliser)
continues to draw current even when the ignition
is off. In some cases there may not be enough
power available to start the engine.
Your vehicle is equipped with an intelligent pow­
er management system to control the distribu­
tion of electrical energy. This significantly im­
proves reliability when starting the engine, and
also prolongs the life of the vehicle battery.
The main functions incorporated in the power
management system are battery diagnosis, re-
118 sidual
current management and dynamic power
management.
Battery diagnosis
The battery diagnosis function constantly regis­
ters the condition of the vehicle battery. Sensors
detect the battery voltage, battery current and
battery temperature. This enables the system to
calculate the current power level and charge con­
dition of the vehicle battery.
Residu al current management
The residual current management reduces power
consumption while the vehicle is parked. It con­
trols the supply of power to the various electrical
components while the ignition is switched off.
The system takes the battery diagnosis data into
consideration.
Depending on the power level of the vehicle bat­
tery, the individual electrical components are
switched off one after the other to prevent the
vehicle battery from losing too much charge and
to ensure that the engine can be started reliably.
Dynamic power management
While the vehicle is moving, this function distrib­
utes the available power to the various electrical
components and systems according to their re­
quirements. It ensures that on-board systems do
not consume more electrical power than is being
generated, and thus maintains the maximum
possible vehicle battery power level.
.
1 Note
- The power management system is not able
to overcome the given physical limits.
Please remember that the power and life of
the vehicle battery are limited.
- If the indicator lamp ri&#39;.J ¢ page 15 appears,
the starting ability may be impaired.
Points to remember
Starting ability has first priority.
Short trips, city traffic and low temperatures all
place a heavy load on the vehicle battery. In
these conditions a large amount of power is