JEEP GRAND CHEROKEE 2020 Руководство по эксплуатации и техобслуживанию (in Russian)

169
E_]_g^Z d [md\Zf bkihevah\Zgguf \
lZ[ebp_
  ?keb kbkl_fZ [_ahiZkghklb ^_l_c
&56 g_ bf__l h[hagZq_gby jZaf_jZ
,62;; $  * ^ey khhl\_lkl\mxs_c
dZl_]hjbb \_kZ ijhba\h^bl_ev h[yaZg
mdZaZlv j_dhf_g^Zpbb ih mklZgh\d_
kbkl_fu kbkl_f [_ahiZkghklb ^_l_c
,62),;\hij_^_e_gguoiheh`_gbyo^ey
dhgdj_lghcfh^_ebZ\lhfh[bey
,/ ih^oh^bl^eykbkl_f^_lkdbodj_k_e
,62),;dZl_]hjbcKi_pbZevgh^eyZ\lh-
fh[bey H]jZgbq_ggh_ bkihevah\Zgb_
beb Ihemmgb\_jkZevgZy h^h[j_gguo
^eywlh]hlbiZZ\lhfh[bey,8) Ih^oh^bl^eykbkl_f[_ahiZkghklb
^_l_c ,62),; dhlhju_ h[jZs_gu \
klhjhgm ^\b`_gby hlghkylky d mgb\_j-
kZevghc dZl_]hjbb b h^h[j_gu ^ey
^ZgghcdZl_]hjbb\_kZ
;  iheh`_gb_ ,62),; g_ ih^oh^bl ^ey
kbkl_f[_ahiZkghklb^_l_c,62),;hlgh-
kysboky d ^Zgghc dZl_]hjbb \_kZ bbeb
^ZgghcdZl_]hjbbjZaf_jZ
IjbmklZgh\d_mkljhckl\h[_ki_q_gby
[_ahiZkghklb ^_l_c kh[ex^Zcl_
mdZaZgby ba]hlh\bl_ey Baeh`_gguc
a^_kv kihkh[ mklZgh\db ih^oh^bl g_
^ey \k_o kbkl_f [_ahiZkghklb ^_l_c
Ijb bkihevah\Zgbb mgb\_jkZevghckbkl_fu [_ahiZkghklb ^_l_c ,62),;
^himkdZ_lky bkihevah\Zlv lhevdh
h^h[j_ggu_ kbkl_fu [_ahiZkghklb
^_l_ckf_ldhc(&(5\uimkd5
beb\ur_8QLYHUVDO,62),;
Ihjy^hdmklZgh\db^_lkdh]hdj_keZ
kdj_ie_gbyfbkbkl_fu,62),;
?keb kb^_gv_ \u[jZggh_ ^ey mklZgh\db
^_lkdh]h dj_keZ bf__l i_j_dexqZ_fh_
mkljhckl\h Z\lhfZlbq_kdhc [ehdbjh\db
j_fgy [_ahiZkghklb $/5 ke_^mcl_
mdZaZgbyf ijb\_^_gguf gb`_ Qlh[u
hij_^_eblvdZdbfj_fg_f[_ahiZkghklb
hkgZs_ghkb^_gv_h[jZlbl_kvdjZa^_em ,

;?AHI:KGHKLV
170
MklZgh\dZ^_lkdbodj_k_ekbkihevah\Z-
gb_fj_fg_c[_ahiZkghklbZ\lhfh[bey
 HkeZ[vl_ j_]meylhju gZ gb`gbo
kh_^bgbl_evguowe_f_glZobgZkljZ-
oh\hqghf j_fg_ ^_lkdh]h kb^_gvy
lZd\Zf[m^_le_]q_aZdj_iblvkh_^b-
gbl_evgu_ we_f_glu gZ Zgd_jZo
Z\lhfh[bey
 Ihf_klbl_ ^_lkdh_ kb^_gv_ f_`^m
gb`gbfb Zgd_jZfb \u[jZggh]h kb^_gvy
Z\lhfh[bey GZ g_dhlhjuo kb^_gvyo
\lhjh]h jy^Z ^ey emqr_c mklZgh\db
^_lkdh]h dj_keZ g_h[oh^bfh gZdehgblv
kibgdmbbebih^gylvih^]heh\gbd_keb
j_]mebjh\dZ \hafh`gZ ?keb aZ^g__
kb^_gv_ bf__l nmgdpbx j_]mebjh\db
iheh`_gby fh`gh hlh^\bgmlv _]h \
djZcg__ aZ^g__ iheh`_gb_ l_f kZfuf
hk\h[h^b\ f_klh ih^ ^_lkdh_ dj_keh
Djhf_ lh]h fh`gh hlh^\bgmlv i_j_^g__
kb^_gv_ \i_j_^ qlh[u hk\h[h^blv
[hevr_f_klZ^ey^_lkdh]hdj_keZ
 AZdj_ibl_kh_^bgbl_evgu_we_f_glu
^_lkdh]h dj_keZ gZ gb`gbo Zgd_jZo
\u[jZggh]hkb^_gvy ?keb dj_keh bf__l kljZoh\hqguc
j_f_gv aZdj_ibl_ _]h gZ \_jog_f
Zgd_j_ Z\lhfh[bey MdZaZgby ih
dj_ie_gbx kljZoh\hqgh]h j_fgy
ij_^klZ\e_gu \ imgdl_ MklZgh\dZ
^_lkdbo dj_k_e k bkihevah\Zgb_f
\_jogboZgd_jguodj_ie_gbc
 AZlygbl_\k_eyfdbaZ^\b]Zyijb
wlhf ^_lkdh_ dj_keh \gba b \gmljv
kb^_gvy Z\lhfh[bey MkljZgbl_
ijh\bkZgb_ kljZoh\hqguo j_fg_c \
khhl\_lkl\bb k bgkljmdpbyfb ba]hlh-
\bl_ey^_lkdh]hdj_keZ
 Ijh\_jvl_ gZ^_`ghklv mklZgh\db
^_lkdh]h dj_keZ ihlygm\ _]h
\i_j_^gZaZ^aZnbdkZlhj^eyj_fgy
Kf_s_gb_ ^_lkdh]h dj_keZ ijb wlhf
g_^he`ghij_\urZlvff\ex[hf
gZijZ\e_gbb
IJ?>MIJ?@>?GB?
†G_ijZ\bevgZy mklZgh\dZ ^_lkdh]h
dj_keZ gZ dj_ie_gbyo lbiZ ,62),;
fh`_lijb\_klbdg_bkijZ\ghklb
lZdh]h dj_keZ < j_amevlZl_ j_[_ghd
fh`_l ihemqblv k_jv_agu_ ljZ\fu
beb ih]b[gmlv Ijb mklZgh\d_
^_lkdh]h dj_keZ \ lhqghklb ke_^mcl_
bgkljmdpbyfijhba\h^bl_ey
†Dj_ie_gby ^_lkdbo dj_k_e jZkkqb-
lZgu lhevdh gZ]jmadb \hagbdZxsb_
ijbboijZ\bevghcnbdkZpbbHgbgb
ijb dZdbo h[klhyl_evkl\Zo g_ fh]ml
bkihevah\Zlvky \ dZq_kl\_ j_fg_c
[_ahiZkghklb ^ey \ajhkeuo ex^_c
^eydj_ie_gby^jm]boij_^f_lh\beb
h[hjm^h\ZgbydZ\lhfh[bex
†MklZgZ\eb\Zcl_^_lkdmxkbkl_fm[_ah-
iZkghklblhevdhgZg_ih^\b`ghfZ\lh-
fh[be_ Ijb ijZ\bevghf aZdj_ie_gbb
kbkl_fu ^_lkdhc [_ahiZkghklb ,62),;
\umkeurbl_s_eqhd

171
MklZgh\dZ^_lkdh]hdj_keZk
ihfhsvx\_jogboZgd_jguo
dj_ie_gbc
 Hkfhljbl_ ijhkljZgkl\h aZ kb^_gv_f
Z\lhfh[beygZdhlhjhf[m^_lmklZgh\-
e_gh^_lkdh_dj_kehbgZc^bl_
Zgd_jgu_ dj_ie_gby <hafh`gh \Zf
ihgZ^h[blky \u^\bgmlv kb^_gv_
\i_j_^ qlh[u ihemqblv ^hklmi d
Zgd_jguf dj_ie_gbyf ?keb \ Z\lhfh-
[be_ij_^mkfhlj_gu\_jogb_Zgd_jgu_
dj_ie_gby gh m ^Zggh]h kb^_gvy hgb
hlkmlkl\mxl i_j_f_klbl_ ^_lkdh_
dj_kehgZ^jm]h_kb^_gv_
 >ey ^hklmiZ d \_jogbf Zgd_jZf kljZ-
oh\hqguo j_fg_c ihaZ^b aZ^g_]h
kb^_gvy keh`bl_ iZg_ev iheZ k
\_jogbf ihdjulb_f ih gZijZ\e_gbx
hl kibgdb aZ^g_]h kb^_gvy >hklmi d
\_jogbf Zgd_jZf kljZoh\hqguo
j_fg_cijbwlhf[m^_lhldjulKdeZ^u\Zgb_iZg_ebiheZkihdjulb-
_f^ey^hklmiZd\_jogbfZgd_jZf
kljZoh\hqguoj_fg_c
<_jogbcZgd_jkljZoh\hqguoj_fg_c
jZkiheh`_ggZkibgd_kb^_gvy JZkiheh`bl_ j_f_gv lZdbf h[jZahf
qlh[u hg ijhoh^be ih ijyfhc f_`^m
Zgd_jhf b ^_lkdbf dj_kehf ?keb
Z\lhfh[bev h[hjm^h\Zg gZkljZb\Z_-
fufb ih^]heh\gbdZfb aZ^g_]h
dj_keZ ih^gbfbl_ ih^]heh\gbd b
ijheh`bl_ j_f_gv ih^ ih^]heh\-
gbdhf f_`^m ^\mfy gZijZ\eyxsbfb
kl_j`gyfb ?keb wlh g_\hafh`gh
himklbl_ih^]heh\gbdbijhlygbl_
j_fgb\hdjm]_]h\g_rgboklhjhg
 >ey ihkZ^hqgh]h f_klZ \ p_glj_
kb^_gvy ijhlygbl_ kljZoh\hqguc
j_f_gvgZ^kibgdhckb^_gvybih^]h-
eh\gbdhf aZl_f ijbdj_ibl_ djxd d
Zgd_jm ^ey dj_ie_gby j_fgy jZkih-
eh`_gghfmgZkibgd_kb^_gvy

;?AHI:KGHKLV
172
IJH>HE@?GB?
 AZp_ibl_ djxd kljZoh\hqgh]h j_fgy
^_lkdh]hdj_keZaZ\_jogbcZgd_jdZd
ihdZaZghgZko_f_
Dj_ie_gb_\_jog_]hkljZoh\hqgh]h
j_fgy
 MkljZgbl_ ijh\bkZgb_ kljZoh\hqgh]h
j_fgy\khhl\_lkl\bbkbgkljmdpbyfb
ba]hlh\bl_ey^_lkdh]hdj_keZDZdm[jZlvg_bkihevam_fucj_f_gv
[_ahiZkghklb$/5
< kemqZ_ nbdkZpbb ^_lkdh]h dj_keZ k
ihfhsvx kbkl_fu dj_ie_gby ,62),;
m[bjZcl_ \k_ j_fgb [_ahiZkghklb k
nmgdpb_c Z\lhfZlbq_kdhc [ehdbjh\db
gZly`bl_ey g_ bkihevam_fu_ ^ey
ijbkl_]b\Zgby ^jm]bo iZkkZ`bjh\ beb
nbdkZpbb^_lkdbodj_k_eJ_[_ghdfh`_l
bkihevah\ZlvlZdhcj_f_gv^eyb]juqlh
fh`_l ijb\_klb d kemqZcghc [ehdbjh\d_
gZly`bl_ey J_dhf_g^m_lky i_j_^ mklZ-
gh\dhc ^_lkdh]h dj_keZ k ihfhsvx
kbkl_fu ,62),; ijbkl_]gmlv j_f_gv
[_ahiZkghklb gZ f_kl_ mklZgh\db lZdh]h
mkljhckl\Z \g_ ij_^_eh\ ^hky]Z_fhklb
^ey j_[_gdZ ?keb ijb wlhf j_f_gv
f_rZ_l mklZgh\d_ ^_lkdh]h dj_keZ
ijhimklbl_ j_f_gv q_j_a ijhj_av \
mkljhckl\_bijbkl_]gbl_j_f_gvdaZfdm
G_ [ehdbjmcl_ j_f_gv [_ahiZkghklb
GZihfgbl_ ^_lyf qlh j_f_gv [_ahiZk-
ghklb

173
MklZgh\dZmkljhckl\h[_ki_q_gby
[_ahiZkghklb^_l_ck
bkihevah\Zgb_fj_fg_c
[_ahiZkghklbZ\lhfh[bey
>_lkdb_ dj_keZ ij_^gZagZq_gu ^ey
nbdkZpbb \ dj_keZo Z\lhfh[bey ihyk-
gufb j_fgyfb [_ahiZkghklb beb
ihykghc qZklvx ihykgh]hie_q_\h]h
j_fgy[_ahiZkghklb
<k_ljbf_klZ^eyiZkkZ`bjh\gZaZ^g_f
kb^_gv_Z\lhfh[beyhkgZs_gui_j_dex-
qZ_fuf mkljhckl\hf Z\lhfZlbq_kdhc
[ehdbjh\db j_fgy [_ahiZkghklb $/5
dhlhjh_ ij_^gZagZq_gh ^ey gZ^_`gh]h
dj_ie_gby ^_lkdh]h dj_keZ ihykghc
qZklvx j_fg_c [_ahiZkghklb GZly`b-l_ev $/5 fh`gh i_j_dexqblv \ j_`bf
[ehdbjh\db>eywlh]hg_h[oh^bfh\uly-
gmlv\kxe_glmj_fgybagZly`bl_eyb
hlimklblv qlh[u e_glZ \_jgmeZkv
h[jZlgh \ gZly`bl_ev ?keb $/5 aZ[eh-
dbjh\Zgijb\ha\jZs_gbbe_glu\gZly-
`bl_ev [m^ml keurgu s_eqdb
>hihegbl_evgmx bgnhjfZpbx h $/5 kf
\ hibkZgbb J_`bf Z\lhfZlbq_kdhc
[ehdbjh\db \ jZa^_e_ I_j_dexqZ_fu_
mkljhckl\Z Z\lhfZlbq_kdhc [ehdbjh\db
j_fgy [_ahiZkghklb $/5 \ ]eZ\_
Nmgdpbb kbkl_fu [_ahiZkghklb iZkkZ-
`bjh\
MklZgh\dZ^_lkdh]hdj_keZk
i_j_dexqZ_fufZ\lhfZlbq_kdbf
gZly`bl_e_f$/5
>_lkdb_ dj_keZ ij_^gZagZq_gu ^ey
nbdkZpbb \ dj_keZo Z\lhfh[bey ihyk-
gufb j_fgyfb [_ahiZkghklb beb
ihykghc qZklvx ihykgh]hie_q_\h]h
j_fgy[_ahiZkghklb
 Ihf_klbl_ ^_lkdh_ dj_keh \ p_glj_
kb^_gvyZ\lhfh[bey GZ g_dhlhjuokb^_-
gvyo \lhjh]h jy^Z ^ey emqr_c mklZgh\db
^_lkdh]h dj_keZ g_h[oh^bfh gZdehgblv
kibgdmbbebih^gylvih^]heh\gbd_keb
j_]mebjh\dZ \hafh`gZ ?keb aZ^g__
kb^_gv_ bf__l nmgdpbx j_]mebjh\db
iheh`_gby fh`gh hlh^\bgmlv _]h \
djZcg__ aZ^g__ iheh`_gb_ l_f kZfuf
hk\h[h^b\ f_klh ih^ ^_lkdh_ dj_keh
Djhf_ lh]h fh`gh hlh^\bgmlv i_j_^g__
kb^_gv_ \i_j_^ qlh[u hk\h[h^blv
[hevr_f_klZ^ey^_lkdh]hdj_keZ
IJ?>MIJ?@>?GB?
†G_ijZ\bevgZy mklZgh\dZ beb g_kh-
[ex^_gb_ ijZ\be mklZgh\db mkljhc-
kl\Z h[_ki_q_gby [_ahiZkghklb
^_l_c fh`_l ijb\_klb d g_bkijZ\-
ghklblZdh]hmkljhckl\Z<j_amev-
lZl_ j_[_ghd fh`_l ihemqblv
k_jv_agu_ljZ\fubebih]b[gmlv
†Ijb mklZgh\d_ ^_lkdh]h dj_keZ \
lhqghklb ke_^mcl_ bgkljmdpbyf
ijhba\h^bl_ey
IJ?>MIJ?@>?GB?
†G_ijZ\bevgZy mklZgh\dZ beb g_kh-
[ex^_gb_ ijZ\be mklZgh\db mkljhc-
kl\Z h[_ki_q_gby [_ahiZkghklb
^_l_c fh`_l ijb\_klb d g_bkijZ\-
ghklblZdh]hmkljhckl\Z<j_amev-
lZl_ j_[_ghd fh`_l ihemqblv
k_jv_agu_ljZ\fubebih]b[gmlv
†Ijb mklZgh\d_ ^_lkdh]h dj_keZ \
lhqghklb ke_^mcl_ bgkljmdpbyf
ijhba\h^bl_ey

;?AHI:KGHKLV
174
 <ulygbl_ j_f_gv [_ahiZkghklb ba
gZly`bl_ey gZ ^hklZlhqgmx ^ebgm b
ijhlygbl_ _]h q_j_a ijhj_av nbdkZ-
lhjZ ^ey j_fgy \ ^_lkdhf dj_ke_
Ke_^bl_ aZ l_f qlh[u e_glZ j_fgy
ijbwlhfg_i_j_djmlbeZkv
 <klZ\vl_ yauqhd aZs_edb \ aZfhd b
aZ^\bgvl_^hs_eqdZ
 Ih^lygbl_j_f_gvlZdqlh[uihykgZy
eyfdZ iehlgh ijbe_]ZeZ d ^_lkdhfm
dj_kem
 Qlh[u aZ[ehdbjh\Zlv j_f_gv \uly-
gbl_ ie_q_\mx eyfdm j_fgy
gZklhevdh qlh[u \ky e_glZ j_fgy
\ureZ ba gZly`bl_ey AZl_f hlim-
klbl_ e_glm qlh[u hgZ fh]eZ
\_jgmlvky h[jZlgh \ gZly`bl_ev
Ihke_ gZfhldb j_fgy gZ [ZjZ[Zg
ihkeurblky s_eqhd Wlh mdZau\Z_l
qlh l_i_jv j_f_gv gZoh^blky \
j_`bf_Z\lhfZlbq_kdhc[ehdbjh\db Ihijh[mcl_ \ulygmlve_glm j_fgy ba
gZly`bl_ey ?keb nmgdpby [ehdb-
jh\db kjZ[hlZeZ \u g_ kfh`_l_
\ulygmlvj_f_gvbagZly`bl_ey?keb
gZly`bl_ev g_
 aZ[ehdbjh\Ze e_glm
\_jgbl_kvdrZ]m
 Ihke_ wlh]h ih^lygbl_ ijh\bkZxsmx
e_glmj_fgyqlh[uaZlygmlvihykgmx
eyfdm \hdjm] ^_lkdh]h dj_keZ
aZ^\b]Zy_]hijbwlhf\gbab\gmljv
kb^_gvyZ\lhfh[bey
 Ijh\_jvl_ gZ^_`ghklv mklZgh\db
^_lkdh]hdj_keZihlygm\_]h
\i_j_^gZaZ^aZnbdkZlhj^eyj_fgy
Kf_s_gb_ ^_lkdh]h dj_keZ ijb wlhf
g_^he`ghij_\urZlvff\ex[hf
gZijZ\e_gbb
Ex[Zy kbkl_fZ j_fg_c [_ahiZkghklb kh
\j_f_g_f hkeZ[_\Z_l ihwlhfm ijh\_-
jycl_ j_fgb \j_fy hl \j_f_gb b ijb
g_h[oh^bfhklbih^ly]b\Zcl_bo
I_j_\hadZ^hfZrgbo`b\hlguo
KjZ[hlZ\rb_ ih^mrdb [_ahiZkghklb
fh]ml ljZ\fbjh\Zlv jZkiheh`_ggh_ gZ
i_j_^g_fkb^_gv_`b\hlgh_Djhf_lh]h
\h \j_fy wdklj_ggh]h lhjfh`_gby beb
^hjh`ghljZgkihjlgh]h ijhbkr_kl\by
g_aZnbdkbjh\Zggh_ \ Z\lhfh[be_
`b\hlgh_ fh`_l \uiZklv ba Z\lhfh[bey
b ihemqblv ljZ\fm beb fh`_l ljZ\fbjh-
\ZlviZkkZ`bjZ
>hfZrgbo`b\hlguoke_^m_li_j_\hablv
gZ aZ^g_f kb^_gv_ ijb gZebqbb
@b\hlgu_ ^he`gu [ulv aZdj_ie_gu aZ
m ijy `d m b e b b og _ h[ oh ^ b fh jZ af _s Zlv \
i_j_ghkd_ aZdj_ie_gghc j_fgyfb [_ah-
iZkghklb

175
IJH>HE@?GB?
F?JU;?AHI:KGHKLB
I_j_\hadZiZkkZ`bjh\
I?J?<HAD: I:KK:@BJH< < ;:=:@GHF
HL>?E?GBBA:IJ?S:?LKY
HljZ[hlZ\rb_]Zau
KZfhcgZ^_`ghc]ZjZglb_chlihiZ^Zgby
\kZehgZ\lhfh[beym]Zjgh]h]ZaZhdbkv
m]e_jh^Z&2y\ey_lkybkijZ\gh_khklh-
ygb_\uimkdghckbkl_fu
?keb\uaZf_lbl_baf_g_gb_a\mdZ
\uoehiZ beb ihqm\kl\m_l_ aZiZo
\uoehiguo ]Zah\ \ kZehg_ Z lZd`_ \
kemqZ_ ih\j_`^_gby gb`g_c beb aZ^g_c
qZklb Z\lhfh[bey h[yaZl_evgh h[jZlb-
l_kvdd\Zebnbpbjh\Zggufki_pbZeb-
klZf ^ey ijh\_jdb \uimkdghc kbkl_fu b
ijbe_]Zxsbo qZkl_c dmah\Z ^ey \uy\-
e_gby \hafh`guo ihehfhd baghkZ beb
g_ijZ\bevgh]h fhglZ`Z ^_lZe_c HljZ-
[hlZ\rb_ ]Zau fh]ml ijhkZqb\Zlvky \
kZehg q_j_a hldjulu_ r\u beb hkeZ-
[e_ggu_ kh_^bg_gby G_h[oh^bfh
ijh\h^blv ijh\_jdm \uoehighc kbkl_fu
dZ ` ^u c jZ ai jb ih ^ t_ f_ Z \l hf h[ be y^ e y
IJ?>MIJ?@>?GB?
†G_ hklZ\eycl_ ^_l_c beb `b\hlguo
h^gbo\Z\lhfh[be_\`Zjdmxih]h^m
<ha^mo \ kZehg_ fh`_l kbevgh
gZ]j_lvkyb^_lbbeb`b\hlgu_fh]ml
ihkljZ^Zlv beb ^Z`_ ih]b[gmlv hl
l_ieh\h]hm^ZjZ
†DZl_]hjbq_kdb aZij_sZ_lky i_j_\h-
ablv ex^_c \ f_klZo jZaf_s_gby
[Z]Z`Z \gmljb beb kgZjm`b Z\lhfh-
[bey < kemqZ_ klhedgh\_gby ex^b
gZoh^ysb_ky \ wlbo qZklyo Z\lhfh-
[bey fh]ml ihemqblv k_jv_agu_
ljZ\fubebih]b[gmlv
†AZij_sZ_lky jZaf_sZlv ex^_c \
ahgZoZ\lhfh[beyg_h[hjm^h\Zgguo
kb^_gvyfbbj_fgyfb[_ahiZkghklb
†<k_]^Z ijbkl_]b\Zcl_kv j_fg_f
[_ahiZkghklb b ke_^bl_qlh[u \Zrb
iZkkZ`bjugZoh^bebkvgZkb^_gvyob
lZd`_ [ueb ijbkl_]gmlu j_fgyfb
[_ahiZkghklb
IJ?>MIJ?@>?GB?
HljZ[hlZ\rb_ ]Zau lhdkbqgu b fh]ml
\ua\Zlv hljZ\e_gb_ beb kf_jlv Hgb
kh^_j`Zlm]Zjguc]Za&2g_
bf_xsbc p\_lZ b aZiZoZ <^uoZgb_
m]Zjgh]h ]ZaZ fh`_l ijb\_klb d ihl_j_
khagZgbybhljZ\e_gbx<hba[_`Zgb_
hljZ\e_gby m]Zjguf ]Zahf kh[ex^Zcl_
ke_^mxsb_ijZ\beZ
†G_ ^himkdZcl_ ^ebl_evghc jZ[hlu
^\b]Zl_ey \ djuluo ]ZjZ`Zo b gZ
iehoh ijh\_ljb\Z_fuo f_klZo
klhygdb Ijh^he`bl_evghklv jZ[hlu
^\b]Zl_ey ^he`gZ[ulv fbgbfZevgZ
lh_klvh[_ki_qb\Zlvlhevdh\hafh`-
ghklv \t_a^Z beb \u_a^Z ba ]ZjZ`Z
bebkhklhygdb
†?keb ih dZdbfeb[h ijbqbgZf \Zf
g_h[oh^bfh^\b]Zlvkykhldjuluf
[Z]Z`gbdhf^\_jvx [Z]Z`gh]h hl^_-
e_gbyaZ^gbfb ^\_jyfb lh aZdjhcl_
\k_hdgZb\dexqbl_gZihegmx
fhsghklv\_glbeylhjukbkl_fudhg^b-
pbhgbjh\Zgby \ha^moZ G? BKIHEV-
AMCL?j_`bfj_pbjdmeypbb\ha^moZ
†?keb \u \ugm`^_gu ^he]h gZoh-
^blvky\g_ih^\b`ghfZ\lhfh[be_k
jZ[hlZxsbf ^\b]Zl_e_f \dexqbl_
gZihegmxfhsghklvkbkl_fm\_glb-
eypbb <dexqbl_ h[^m\ gZ ihegmx
fhsghklv
IJ?>MIJ?@>?GB?ijh^he`_gb_

;?AHI:KGHKLV
176
aZ f_ gu fZ ke Z b eb k fZ adb  Ij b g_ h [o h ^b-
fhklb aZf_gbl_ \ur_^rb_ ba kljhy
^_lZeb\uimkdghckbkl_fu
Dhgljhevguchkfhlj\gmlj_gg_]h
khklhygbyZ\lhfh[bey
J_fgb[_ahiZkghklb
I_jbh^bq_kdb ijh\_jycl_ kbkl_fm
j_fg_c[_ahiZkghklbqlh[um[_^blvky\
hlkmlkl\bb ihj_ah\ ihl_jlhkl_c b hkeZ-
[e_gguoqZkl_cBaghr_ggu_bebih\j_-
`^_ggu_ ^_lZeb g_h[oh^bfh
g_f_^e_ggh aZf_gblv G_ jZaj_rZ_lky
kZfhklhyl_evgh ^_fhglbjh\Zlv j_fgb
[_ahiZkghklbbeb\ghkblv\bo
dhgkljmdpbxdZdb_eb[hbaf_g_gby
Ihke_ Z\Zjbb i_j_^gb_ j_fgb [_ahiZk-
ghklb ke_^m_l aZf_gblv \ k[hj_ ?keb
aZ^gb_ j_fgb [_ahiZkghklb [ueb
ih\j_`^_gu \ j_amevlZl_ >LI
gZijbf_jba]b[dZlmrdbjZaju\e_glu
b li bo g_h[oh^bfh aZf_gblv Ijb
khfg_gbyo \m^h\e_l\hjbl_evghf khklh-
ygbb j_fgy [_ahiZkghklb beb gZly`b-
l_eyaZf_gbl_j_f_gv
Ij_^mij_`^Zxsbcbg^bdZlhj
kbkl_fuih^mr_d[_ahiZkghklb
Ij_^mij_`^Zxsbc bg^bdZlhj ih^mr_d
[_ahiZkghklb  \dexqblky gZ
q_luj_\hk_fv k_dmg^ ^ey ijh\_jdb
eZfiuijbi_j\hfi_j_\h^_aZ`b]Zgby\
j_`bf 21581 <DEJ:;HL: ?keb
eZfiZ g_ aZ]hjZ_lky ijb aZimkd_ ^\b]Z-
l_ey ]hjbl \ l_q_gb_ ^ebl_evgh]h
\j_f_gb beb aZ]hjZ_lky \h \j_fy
^\b`_gbydZdfh`ghkdhj__h[jZlbl_kvd
hnbpbZevghfm ^be_jm ^ey ijh\_jdb
kbkl_fu Ihke_ ijh\_jdb eZfiu wlhl
k\_lh\hcbg^bdZlhjaZ]hjZ_lkyijbwlhf
ih^Z_lky a\mdh\hc kb]gZe _keb h[gZjm-
`_gZ g_bkijZ\ghklv kbkl_fu ih^mr_d
[_ahiZkghklb Hg[m^_l]hj_lv^hmkljZ-
g_gby g_bkijZ\ghklb ?keb k\_lh\hc
bg^bdZlhj]hjblij_ju\bklhbebijh^he-
`Z_l ]hj_lv \h \j_fy \h`^_gby h[jZlb-
l_kv d hnbpbZevghfm ^be_jm ^ey
h[kem`b\ZgbyZ\lhfh[bey
>hihegbl_evgmx bgnhjfZpbx kf \
]eZ\_ Kbkl_fZ [_ahiZkghklb iZkkZ-
`bjh\\jZa^_e_;_ahiZkghklv
H[h]j_\\_ljh\h]hkl_deZ
Qlh[u ijh\_jblv nmgdpbhgZevghklv
Zdlb\bjmcl_ j_`bf h[h]j_\Z kl_deZ b
\dexqbl_h[^m\gZihegmxfhsghklv
Ijb wlhf \u ^he`gu ihqm\kl\h\Zlv dZd
kl_dehbgl_gkb\ghh[^m\Z_lky\ha^mohf
?keb h[h]j_\Zl_ev kl_deZ g_ jZ[hlZ_l
h[jZlbl_kv d miheghfhq_gghfm ^be_jm
^eyh[kem`b\Zgby
BgnhjfZpbyih[_ahiZkghklb^ey
gZihevgh]hdh\jbdZ
Bkihevamcl_ lhevdh l_ dh\jbdb dhlhju_
ij_^gZagZq_gu ^ey \Zr_]h Z\lhfh[bey
Bkihevamcl_ lZdhc gZihevguc dh\jbd
dhlhjucg_[m^_lf_rZlvjZ[hl_i_^Zeb
Zdk_e_jZlhjZ lhjfhaZ beb kp_ie_gby
GZihevgucdh\jbd^he`_g[ulvgZ^_`gh
aZdj_ie_g k ihfhsvx dj_ie_gbc ^ey
gZihevgh]hdh\jbdZ lZd qlh[uhg g_ fh]
\ukdhevagmlv ba gm`gh]h iheh`_gby b
ihf_rZlv jZ[hl_ i_^Zeb Zdk_e_jZlhjZ
lhjfhaZ beb kp_ie_gby beb ih\ebylv gZ
[_ahiZkgmx wdkiemZlZpbx Z\lhfh[bey
^jm]bfbkihkh[Zfb

177
IJH>HE@?GB? 
IJH>HE@?GB? IJH>HE@?GB?
IJ?>MIJ?@>?GB?
Ex[hc g_gZ^_`gh ijbdj_ie_gguc
ih\j_`^_gguc keh`_gguc beb
fgh]hkehcguc gZihevguc dh\jbd beb
ih\j_`^_ggu_ dj_ie_gby gZihevgh]h
dh\jbdZfh]mlijb\_klbdlhfmqlh\Zr
gZihevgucdh\jbd ihf_rZ_l ^\b`_gbx
i_^Zeb Zdk_e_jZlhjZ lhjfhaZ beb
kp_ie_gby b ijb\_^_l d ihl_j_
dhgljhey gZ^ Z\lhfh[be_f >ey
ij_^hl\jZs_gby K?JV?AGUO beb
^Z`_KF?JL?EVGUOLJ:<F
†<K?=>: gZ^_`gh ijbdj_ieycl_
gZihevguc dh\jbd  k ihfhsvx
ki_pbZevguo dj_ie_gbc G? deZ^bl_
gZihevgucdh\jbd\\_jo^ghfbg_
ih\hjZqb\Zcl__]hJ_]meyjghijh\_-
jycl_ qlh gZihevguc dh\jbd
gZ^_`gh aZdj_ie_g ke_]dZ ihlygm\
aZ_]hdjZc
†I_j_^ mdeZ^dhc ex[uo gZihevguo
dh\jbdh\H;YA:L?EVGH<UL:-
SBL? BA :<LHFH;BEY BF?X-
SB?KY G:IHEVGU? DH<JBDB 
GBDH=>: g_ aZdj_ieycl_ b g_
deZ^bl_ ^hihegbl_evguc gZihevguc
dh\jbd ih\_jo m`_ bf_xs_]hky
gZihevgh]hdh\jbdZ
†Bkihevamcl_ LHEVDH l_ gZihevgu_
dh\jbdbdhlhju_ij_^gZagZq_gu^ey
\Zr_]h Z\lhfh[bey GBDH=>: g_
mklZgZ\eb\Zcl_ gZihevguc dh\jbd
dhlhjuc g_\hafh`gh gZ^_`gh aZdj_-
iblv gZ \Zr_f Z\lhfh[be_ ?keb
g_h[oh^bfh aZf_gblv gZihevguc
dh\jbd bkihevamcl_ lhevdh
gZihevguc dh\jbd h^h[j_gguc )&$
^eydhgdj_lghcfZjdbfh^_ebb]h^Z
\uimkdZZ\lhfh[bey
IJ?>MIJ?@>?GB?ijh^he`_gb_
†Bkihevamcl_ gZihevguc dh\jbd kh
klhjhgu \h^bl_ey LHEVDH gZ ihem
kh klhjhgu \h^bl_ey Qlh[u ijh\_-
jblv gZebqb_ ihf_o \ ijbiZjdh-
\Zgghf Z\lhfh[be_ k \udexq_gguf
^\b]Zl_e_f iheghklvx gZ`fbl_ gZ
i_^Zeb Zdk_e_jZlhjZ lhjfhaZ b
kp_ie_gby _keb bf__lky ?keb
gZihevguc dh\jbd kha^Z_l ihf_ob \
jZ[hl_ex[hci_^Zebbebhgg_
ijbdj_ie_g d ihem m[_jbl_
gZihevguc dh\jbd ba Z\lhfh[bey b
iheh`bl_\[Z]Z`gbd
†Bkihevamcl_ gZihevguc dh\jbd ^ey
klhjhguiZkkZ`bjZ LHEVDHgZihem
khklhjhguiZkkZ`bjZ
†H;YA:L?EVGH ijh\_jvl_ qlh ijb
^\b`_gbb Z\lhfh[bey gbdZdb_ ij_^-
f_lug_fh]mlmiZklvbebk^\bgmlvky
\ ahgm iheZ kh klhjhgu \h^bl_ey
Hgb fh]ml ihiZklv ih^ i_^Zeb Zdk_-
e_jZlhjZ lhjfhaZ beb kp_ie_gby b
ijb\_klbdihl_j_mijZ\ey_fhklb
Z\lhfh[bey
IJ?>MIJ?@>?GB?ijh^he`_gb_

;?AHI:KGHKLV
178
I_jbh^bq_kdbcdhgljhevguc
hkfhljkgZjm`bZ\lhfh[bey
Rbgu
Ijh\_jvl_ g_l eb qj_af_jgh]h beb
g_jZ\ghf_jgh]h baghkZ ijhl_dlhjZ
M^Zebl_ ba ijhl_dlhjZ beb [hdh\hc
ih\_joghklb aZkljy\rb_ f_edb_ dZfgb
]\ha^b kl_deh b ^jm]b_ ihklhjhggb_
qZklbpu Ijh\_jvl_ g_l eb gZ ijhl_d-
lhj_ ihj_ah\ b lj_sbg Hkfhljbl_
[hdh\u_ kl_gdb gZ gZebqb_ ihj_ah\
lj_sbg b ^_nhjfZpbb Ijh\_jvl_
aZly`dm]Z_ddj_ie_gbydhe_kIjh\_jvl_
^Z\e_gb_ \ oheh^guo rbgZo \dexqZy
aZiZkgh_dhe_kh
K\_lh\u_bg^bdZlhju
Ihijhkbl_ dh]heb[h ijh\_jblv jZ[hlm
eZfi klhikb]gZeZ b \g_rg_]h hk\_-
s_gby \h \j_fy jZ[hlu k hj]ZgZfb
mijZ\e_gby M[_^bl_kv \ bkijZ\ghklb
mdZaZl_e_c ih\hjhlZ b bg^bdZlhjh\
^Zevg_]h k\_lZ nZj gZ ijb[hjghc
iZg_eb
AZfdb^\_j_c
Ijh\_jvl_ gZ^_`ghklv aZdjulby ^\_j_c
baZibjZgbyaZfdh\
†GBDH=>:g_deZ^bl_ij_^f_luih^
dh\jbd gZijbf_j ihehl_gpZ dexqb b
li  Wlb ij_^f_lu fh]ml baf_gblv
iheh`_gb_ gZihevgh]h dh\jbdZ b
\ua\Zlv ihf_ob \jZ[hl_ i_^Zeb Zdk_-
e_jZlhjZlhjfhaZbebkp_ie_gby
†?keb\hjkh\h_ihdjulb_Z\lhfh[bey
[uehkgylhbmklZgh\e_ghih\lhjgh
h[yaZl_evgh aZdj_ibl_ ihdjulb_ gZ
ihem b ijh\_jvl_ qlh gZihevguc
dh\jbd gZ^_`gh ijbdj_ie_g d \hjkh-
\hfm ihdjulbx Z\lhfh[bey Ihegh-
klvx \u`fbl_ dZ`^mx i_^Zev
Zdk_e_jZlhjZ m[_^bl_kv \ hlkml-
kl\bbihf_o^eyjZ[hlui_^ZebZdk_-
e_jZlhjZ kp_ie_gby beb lhjfhaZ
aZl_f kgh\Z meh`bl_ gZihevgu_
dh\jbdb
†>ey hqbkldb gZihevguo dh\jbdh\
j_dhf_g^m_lky bkihevah\Zlv lhevdh
fy]dh_ fueh b \h^m Ihke_ hqbkldb
h[yaZl_evgh ijh\_jvl_ qlh
gZihevguc dh\jbd [ue ijZ\bevgh
mklZgh\e_g b gZ^_`gh aZdj_ie_g \
Z\lhfh[be_ ijb ihfhsb dj_ie_gbc
gZihevgh]hdh\jbdZ^eywlh]hke_]dZ
ihlygbl_aZdjZcdh\jbdZ
IJ?>MIJ?@>?GB?ijh^he`_gb_