engine LAND ROVER DEFENDER 1996 Owner's Guide

10MAINTENANCE
14
MAINTENANCEREV: 05/99 ADDITIONAL MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES
Camshaft drive belt
The engine timing gears are driven by a toothed
rubber belt which must be renewed at intervals
determined by the severity of operating conditions. In
reasonable, temperate climate operation, the belt
should be renewed every 120,000 km (72,000 miles)
or every six years whichever occurs earlier.
In adverse operating conditions, such as work in dusty
atmospheres, high ambient temperatures, desert and
tropical zones, renew the belt every 60,000 km
(36,000 miles) or every three years, whichever occurs
earlier.
CAUTION: If the drive belt is not renewed
at the correct interval, it could fail,
resulting in serious engine damage.
Oil change diesel engines
If the vehicle is operated on fuel with a high sulphur
content (over 1%) the oil change intervals must not
exceed 5000 km (3000 miles).
Anti-freeze
At two yearly intervals or at the onset of the second
winter, the cooling system should be drained, flushed
and refilled with the required water and anti-freeze
solution.
Hydraulic brake fluid.
It is recommended that at 40,000 km (24,000 miles)
intervals or every two years, whichever is the earlier,
the hydraulic brake fluid should be completely
renewed.
At 80,000 km (48,000 miles) intervals or every four
years, whichever is the earlier, all hydraulic brake fluid
seals and flexible hoses should be renewed. All
working surfaces of the master cylinder and caliper
cylinders should be examined and renewed where
necessary.Air cleaner
When the vehicle is used in dusty or field conditions or
deep wading, frequent attention to the air cleaner may
be required.
Dampers
At 60,000 km (36,000 miles) intervals remove all
suspension dampers, test for correct operation, refit or
renew as necessary.
SPECIAL OPERATING CONDITIONS
When the vehicle is operated in extremely arduous
conditions or on dusty, wet or muddy terrain, more
frequent attention should be paid to all servicing
requirements.
Additional daily or weekly attention depending on
operating conditions:
Check/top-up transfer box oil.
Check steering rubber boots for security and
condition. Renew if damaged.
Check brake fluid level: Investigate cause if any fluid
loss is suspected.
Clean brake discs and calipers.
Lubricate front and rear propeller shaft
universal/sliding joints. Under tropical or severe
conditions, particularly where sand is encountered,
the sliding joints must be lubricated very frequently to
prevent ingress of abrasive material.
Every week and every maintenance inspection check
tyre pressures and inspect tyre treads and side walls.
Under arduous cross-country conditions the tyre
pressures should be checked much more frequently,
even to the extent of a daily check.
Monthly
Renew gearbox oil.
Renew transfer box oil.
Check air cleaner element and renew every 6 months
or as necessary.

MAINTENANCE
15
MAINTENANCE ADDITIONAL MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES
Camshaft drive belt
The engine timing gears are driven by a toothed
rubber belt which must be renewed at intervals
determined by the severity of operating conditions. In
reasonable, temperate climate operation, the belt
should be renewed every 120,000 km (72,000 miles)
or every six years whichever occurs earlier.
In adverse operating conditions, such as work in dusty
atmospheres, high ambient temperatures, desert and
tropical zones, renew the belt every 60,000 km
(36,000 miles) or every three years, whichever occurs
earlier.
CAUTION: If the drive belt is not renewed
at the correct interval, it could fail,
resulting in serious engine damage.
Oil change diesel engines
If the vehicle is operated on fuel with a high sulpher
content (over 1%) the oil change intervals must not
exceed 5000 km (3000 miles).
Anti-freeze
At two yearly intervals or at the onset of the second
winter, the cooling system should be drained, flushed
and refilled with the required water and anti-freeze
solution.
Hydraulic brake fluid.
It is recommended that at 40,000 km (24,000 miles)
intervals or every two years, whichever is the earlier,
the hydraulic brake fluid should be completely
renewed.
At 80,000 km (48,000 miles) intervals or every four
years, whichever is the earlier, all hydraulic brake fluid
seals and flexible hoses should be renewed. All
working surfaces of the master cylinder and caliper
cylinders should be examined and renewed where
necessary.Air cleaner
When the vehicle is used in dusty or field conditions or
deep wading, frequent attention to the air cleaner may
be required.
Dampers
At 60,000 km (36,000 miles) intervals remove all
suspension dampers, test for correct operation, refit or
renew as necessary.
SPECIAL OPERATING CONDITIONS
When the vehicle is operated in extremely arduous
conditions or on dusty, wet or muddy terrain, more
frequent attention should be paid to all servicing
requirements.
Additional daily or weekly attention depending on
operating conditions:
Check/top-up transfer box oil.
Check steering rubber boots for security and
condition. Renew if damaged.
Check brake fluid level: Investigate cause if any fluid
loss is suspected.
Clean brake discs and calipers.
Lubricate front and rear propeller shaft
universal/sliding joints. Under tropical or severe
conditions, particularly where sand is encountered,
the sliding joints must be lubricated very frequently to
prevent ingress of abrasive material.
Every week and every maintenance inspection check
tyre pressures and inspect tyre treads and side walls.
Under arduous cross-country conditions the tyre
pressures should be checked much more frequently,
even to the extent of a daily check.
Monthly
Renew gearbox oil.
Renew transfer box oil.
Check air cleaner element and renew every 6 months
or as necessary.

ENGINE
1
ADJUSTMENT REV: 05/99 VALVE CLEARANCES - CHECK AND ADJUST
Service repair no - 12.29.48
Adjust
CAUTION: If the crankshaft is rotated with
excessive valve clearace, it is possible
that the push rods could be dislodged
from the cam follower seating and fracture the
cam follower slide. To prevent damage, eliminate
all clearance from any loose rockers before
turning the crankshaft to adjust clearances.
1.Rotate crankshaft until No.8 valve (counting from
front of engine) is fully open.
2.Using a 0,20 mm (0.008 in) feeler gauge adjust
clearance of No.1 valve.
3.Slacken locknut and turn adjusting screw
clockwise to reduce clearance and
anti-clockwise to increase clearance. Tighten
locknut to
16 Nm.
4.Repeat operation for remaining tappets in the
following sequence:
No.3 tappet with No.6 valve fully open.
No.5 tappet with No.4 valve fully open.
No.2 tappet with No.7 valve fully open.
No.8 tappet with No.1 valve fully open.
No.6 tappet with No.3 valve fully open.
No.4 tappet with No.5 valve fully open.
No.7 tappet with No.2 valve fully open.
5.On completion, recheck clearances and adjust
as necessary.

ENGINE
1
REPAIR CYLINDER COMPRESSION TEST
Service repair no - 12.25.01
1.Start and run engine to normal operating
temperature.
2.Switch off engine.
3.Disconnect spill return hose and fuel pipe from
No.1 injector.
4.Remove retaining nut, release clamp and
withdraw injector from cylinder head.
See FUEL
SYSTEM, Repair, injectors
5.Disconnect electrical lead from fuel cut-off
solenoid at injection pump to prevent delivery of
fuel to injectors. On vehicles fitted with a digital
diesel shut-off valve (DDS) immobilisation
system, disconnect DDS multi-plug.
6.Ensure injector port is clean, If necessary, crank
the engine a few revolutions to remove any
loose carbon.
7.Fit dummy injector, from diesel compression
tester kitLRT-19-007, into the cylinder head and
clamp securely in position.
8.Connect flexible hose and gauge to dummy
injector as shown above.
9.Crank engine for 10-20 seconds and note
reading on gauge. The gauge will indicate the
compression of the cylinder and maintain the
reading until the pressure release valve on the
gauge is depressed.
Expected readings of a crank test, with vehicle
battery fully charged, compression ratio 19.5:1
should be 24 bar (348 lbf/in
2).10.Repeat test procedure for remaining clinders in
turn.
NOTE: A variation in compression
readings between cylinders is often a
better indication of an engine problem
than the absolute values of compression.
11.If compression is appreciably less than correct
reading, or varies by more than 10%, piston
rings or valves may be worn or damaged.
Low pressures in adjoining cylinders may
indicate a faulty cylinder head gasket.

12ENGINE
2
REPAIR ENGINE OIL PRESSURE TEST
Service repair no - 12.90.09/01
WARNING: Use suitable exhaust
extraction equipment if an engine test is
being carried out in a workshop.
WARNING: If vehicle has been running,
engine wil be hot; care must be taken
when fitting test equipment to prevent
personal injury.
1.Check that engine lubricant is to correct level.
2.Remove oil pressure switch .
3.Connect pressure test gaugeLRT-12-052A,as
shown.
4.Start and run engine to normal operating
temperature.
5.With engine running at idle check oil pressure,
which should read 1.76 bar (25.87 lbf/in
2).6.If pressure is low it can be caused by the
following:-
Thin or diluted oil.
Low oil in sump.
Choked oil strainer.
Faulty oil pressure relief valve.
Excessively worn or damaged oil pump
displacement gears.
Excessive crankshaft bearing clearance.
7.If excessive pressure is indicated it can be
caused by :-
Overfilling engine with lubricant.
Sticking oil pressure relief valve.
Blockage in breather system.

ENGINE
3
REPAIR ENGINE
Service repair no - 12.41.01
Remove
NOTE: A chassis undertray may be fitted
on some vehicle derivatives to conform to
legal requirements. When under chassis
remove and refit procedures are required, it may
be necessary to remove the undertray and/or
integral access panels.
See CHASSIS AND BODY, Repair, Front
undertray
orSee CHASSIS AND BODY, Repair,
Rear undertray
CAUTION: Seal all exposed pipe ends
against ingress of dirt after disconnection.
1.Ensure vehicle is level and apply park brake.
2.Disconnect battery.
NOTE: The vehicle may be fitted with an
alarm and immobilisation system using a
battery backed-up alarm sounder.
See ELECTRICAL, Repair, battery
3.Remove bonnet.
4.Remove cable ties securing gearbox harness to
breather pipes.
5.Disconnect harness from diff lock and reverse
light switches.
6.Manouvre harness into engine bay.
7.Remove air cleaner.
See FUEL SYSTEM,
Repair, Air cleaner
8.Remove radiator assembly.See COOLING
SYSTEM, Repair, Radiator
If air conditioning is fitted the condenser will
have to be removed, compressor pipes and
heater matrix hoses disconnected.
See AIR CONDITIONING, Repair, Condenser
9.Remove rocker cover insulation.
10.Remove feed pipe/hose from turbo-charger and
intercooler.
11.Disconnect heater hoses from cylinder head and
heater rails.
12.Disconnect electrical feed plug at rear of cylinder
head.
13.Disconnect heater plug feed wire.

12ENGINE
4
REPAIR
14.Disconnect engine harness multi-plug.
15.Remove single bolt securing transmission
breather pipe clip to cylinder head and move
breather pipes aside.
16.Disconnect multi-plug and vacuum pipe from
EGR valve, if fitted.
17.Remove starter motor cover and disconnect
battery and fuse box leads.
18.Remove 3 retaining nuts and disconnect exhaust
down pipe.
19.Disconnect inlet and outlet hoses from power
steering pump.
20.Disconnect bleed hose from thermostat housing.
21.Release bleed hose from retaining clips on front
timing cover plate.
22.Remove split pin securing inner throttle cable to
injector pump lever.
23.Depress tags on outer cable adjusting nut,
remove cable from mounting bracket and move
aside.
24.If fitted, release hand throttle cable from
mounting bracket and injector pump lever and
move aside.
25.Disconnect feed pipe and spill return pipe from
injector pump.

ENGINE
5
REPAIR
26.Disconnect both pipes from fuel lift pump.
27.Release fuel feed pipe from retaining clip on air
cleaner bracket.
28.Disconnect vacuum hose from brake servo.
29.Remove oil pipes from oil filter adaptor.30.Using suitable hoist, fit chains to lifting brackets
and support engine.
31.Remove nuts and plain washers securing front
engine mountings to chassis.
32.Support gearbox.
33.Remove engine to bell housing fixings, leaving
starter motor attached to engine.
34.Carefully raise engine to release from gearbox.
35.Ensure all relevant connections to engine have
been removed.
36.Remove engine.
Refit
37.Clean bell housing.
38.Apply Hylomar sealant to mating faces of bell
housing and flywheel housing.
39.Lubricate splines of gearbox primary pinion with
Rocol MV 3.
40.Carefully lower engine into position and locate
primary pinion into clutch and engage bell
housing dowels.
41.Fit engine to bell housing fixings. Tighten to
40
Nm (30 lbf/ft).

12ENGINE
6
REPAIR 42.Raise engine, and locate front engine mountings
to chassis.
43.Remove gearbox support and lower engine.
44.Tighten front engine mounting to chassis fixings
to
45 Nm (33 lbf/ft).
45.Release chains from engine lifting brackets and
remove hoist.
46.Connect oil cooler pipes to oil filter adaptor.
47.Fit vacuum hose to brake servo adaptor.
48.Secure fuel feed pipe in retaining clip on air
cleaner bracket.
49.Fit fuel lift pump pipes.
50.Connect feed and spill return pipes to injector
pump.
51.If fitted, reconnect hand throttle cable to
mounting bracket and injector pump.
52.Fit outer cable adjusting nut into injector pump
mounting bracket.
53.Fit inner throttle cable to injector pump and
secure with clevis and split pin.
54.Secure bleed hose in retaining clips on front
timing cover.
55.Fit bleed hose to thermostat housing.
56.Connect inlet and outlet hoses to power steering
pump.
57.Fit down pipe to exhaust manifold and secure
with 3 nuts.
58.Connect starter motor battery and fuse box
leads.
59.If fitted, connect EGR valve multi-plug and
vacuum pipe.
60.Secure breather pipe clip to cylinder head.
61.Connect engine harness multi-plug.
62.Fit heater plug feed wire.
63.Connect electrical feed plug at rear of cylinder
head.
64.Fit heater hoses to cylinder head and heater
rails.
65.Fit feed pipe/hose to turbo-charger and
intercooler.
66.Fit rocker cover insulation.
67.Fit radiator assembly.
See COOLING SYSTEM,
Repair, Radiator
If applicable, fit air
conditioning condenser, compressor pipes and
heater matrix hoses.
See AIR CONDITIONING,
Repair, Condenser
68.Fit bonnet.
69.Reconnect battery.CRANKSHAFT PULLEY
Service repair no - 12.21.01
Remove
1.Disconnect battery.
2.Drain coolant.
See COOLING SYSTEM,
Repair, Drain and refill cooling system
3.Remove top hose from radiator.
4.Remove intercooler to induction manifold hose.
5.Remove viscous coupling and fan.
See
COOLING SYSTEM, Repair, Viscous
coupling and fan
6.Remove fan cowl.See COOLING SYSTEM,
Repair, Fan cowl
7.Remove drive belt.See ELECTRICAL, Repair,
Auxiliary drive belt
8.Fit crankshaft pulley retainerLRT-12-080and
secure with 4 bolts.
9.Remove crankshaft pulley retaining bolt
anti-clockwise using socket and suitable long
bar.
10.Remove pulley retainer.
11.Remove pulley, if necessary using extractor
LRT-12-049with thrust pad fromLRT-12-031.

ENGINE
7
REPAIR Refit
12.Lightly grease pulley spigot and locate pulley
onto cranshaft.
13.Fit pulley retaining bolt.
14.Fit pulley retainerLRT-12-080and secure with 4
bolts.
15.Tighten pulley nut to
80 Nm (59 lbf/ft)+90°.
16.Remove pulley retainer.
17.Fit drive belt.
See ELECTRICAL, Repair,
Auxiliary drive belt; Refit
18.Fit fan cowl.See COOLING SYSTEM, Repair,
Fan cowl
19.Fit viscous coupling and fan.See COOLING
SYSTEM, Repair, Viscous coupling and fan
20.Fit intercooler to induction manifold hose.
21.Fit radiator top hose.
22.Refill cooling system.
See COOLING SYSTEM,
Repair, Drain and refill cooling system
23.Reconnect battery.FRONT COVER PLATE AND SEAL
Service repair no - 12.65.01
Remove
1.Disconnect battery.
2.Drain coolant.
See COOLING SYSTEM,
Repair, Drain and refill cooling system
3.Remove top hose from radiator.
4.Remove intercooler to induction manifold hose.
5.Remove viscous coupling and fan.
See
COOLING SYSTEM, Repair, Viscous
coupling and fan
6.Remove fan cowl.See COOLING SYSTEM,
Repair, Fan cowl
7.Remove drive belt.See ELECTRICAL, Repair,
Auxiliary drive belt
8.Remove crankshaft pulley.See Crankshaft
pulley
9.Remove 14 bolts securing front cover plate. Note
that top 2 bolts also retain thermostat hose clips.
10.Remove cover plate complete with gasket.
11.Remove small gasket from centre bolt boss.
Seal replacement
12.Remove worn seal from cover and clean recess.
13.Support cover and fit new seal, open side fitted
into recess, using special toolLRT-12-077.