warning CHRYSLER CARAVAN 2002 Owner's Manual

DISASSEMBLY - CALIPER PISTON AND SEAL
WARNING: UNDER NO CONDITION SHOULD HIGH
PRESSURE AIR EVER BE USED TO REMOVE A PIS-
TON FROM A CALIPER BORE. PERSONAL INJURY
COULD RESULT FROM SUCH A PRACTICE.NOTE: Before disassembling the brake caliper,
clean and inspect it. Refer to CLEANING AND
INSPECTION in this section.
NOTE: The safest way to remove the piston from
the caliper bore is to use the hydraulic pressure of
the vehicle's brake system.
(1) Following the removal procedure in DISC
BRAKE SHOES found in this section, remove the
caliper from the brake rotor and hang the assembly
on a wire hook away from rotor and body of the vehi-
cle so brake fluid cannot get on these components.
Remove the brake shoes, and place a small piece of
wood between the piston and caliper fingers.
(2) Carefully depress the brake pedal to hydrauli-
cally push piston out of its bore. Once completed,
apply and hold down the brake pedal to any position
beyond the first inch of pedal travel using a brake
pedal holding tool. This will prevent the fluid in the
master cylinder reservoir from completely draining
out.
(3) Disconnect the brake fluid flex hose from the
caliper assembly and remove it from the vehicle.
CAUTION: Do not use excessive force when clamp-
ing caliper in vise. Excessive vise pressure will
cause bore distortion.
(4) Mount the caliper in a vise equipped with pro-
tective jaws.
(5) Remove the piston dust boot from the caliper
and discard.
NOTE: Do not use a screw driver or other metal tool
for seal removal. Using such tools can scratch the
bore or leave burrs on the seal groove edges.
(6) Using a soft tool such as a plastic trim stick,
work the piston seal out of its groove in caliper pis-
ton bore (Fig. 47). Discard the old seal.
(7) Clean the piston bore and drilled passage ways
using alcohol or a suitable solvent. Wipe it dry using
only a lint-free cloth.
(8) Inspect the piston bore for scoring or pitting.
Bores that show light scratches or corrosion can usu-
ally be cleared of the light scratches or corrosion
using crocus cloth.
Fig. 45 Caliper Guide Pin Bolts
1 - DISC BRAKE CALIPER
2 - ADAPTER
3 - AXLE
4 - GUIDE PIN BOLTS
5 - DRIVESHAFT (AWD MODELS ONLY)
Fig. 46 Removing/Installing Caliper
1 - LIFT THIS END OF CALIPER AWAY FROM ADAPTER FIRST
2 - DISC BRAKE CALIPER
3 - ADAPTER ABUTMENT
4 - OUTBOARD BRAKE SHOE HOLD DOWN CLIP
5 - OUTBOARD BRAKE SHOE
6 - ROTOR
7 - ADAPTER
RSBRAKES - BASE5-31
DISC BRAKE CALIPER - REAR (Continued)
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CLEANING - CALIPER
WARNING: DUST AND DIRT ACCUMULATING ON
BRAKE PARTS DURING NORMAL USE MAY CON-
TAIN ASBESTOS FIBERS FROM PRODUCTION OR
AFTERMARKET BRAKE LININGS. BREATHING
EXCESSIVE CONCENTRATIONS OF ASBESTOS
FIBERS CAN CAUSE SERIOUS BODILY HARM.
EXERCISE CARE WHEN SERVICING BRAKE
PARTS. DO NOT SAND OR GRIND BRAKE LINING
UNLESS EQUIPMENT USED IS DESIGNED TO CON-
TAIN THE DUST RESIDUE. DO NOT CLEAN BRAKE
PARTS WITH COMPRESSED AIR OR BY DRY
BRUSHING. CLEANING SHOULD BE DONE BY
DAMPENING THE BRAKE COMPONENTS WITH A
FINE MIST OF WATER, THEN WIPING THE BRAKE
COMPONENTS CLEAN WITH A DAMPENED CLOTH.
DISPOSE OF CLOTH AND ALL RESIDUE CONTAIN-
ING ASBESTOS FIBERS IN AN IMPERMEABLE
CONTAINER WITH THE APPROPRIATE LABEL. FOL-
LOW PRACTICES PRESCRIBED BY THE OCCUPA-
TIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION
(OSHA) AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY (EPA) FOR THE HANDLING, PROCESSING,
AND DISPOSING OF DUST OR DEBRIS THAT MAY
CONTAIN ASBESTOS FIBERS.
To clean or flush the internal passages of the brake
caliper, use fresh brake fluid or MopartNon-Chlori-
nated Brake Parts Cleaner. Never use gasoline, ker-osene, alcohol, oil, transmission fluid or any fluid
containing mineral oil to clean the caliper. These flu-
ids will damage rubber cups and seals.
INSPECTION - CALIPER
Inspect the disc brake caliper for the following:
²Brake fluid leaks in and around boot area and
inboard lining
²Ruptures, brittleness or damage to the piston
dust boot
²Damaged, dry or brittle guide pin dust boots
If caliper fails inspection, disassemble and recondi-
tion caliper, replacing the seals and dust boots.
ASSEMBLY - CALIPER PISTON AND SEAL
NOTE: Never use an old piston seal.
(1) Dip the new piston seal in clean brake fluid
and install it in the groove of the caliper bore. The
seal should be started at one area of the groove and
gently worked around and into the groove (Fig.
48)using only your clean fingers to seat it.
(2) Coat the new piston boot with clean brake
fluid.
(3) Position the dust boot over the piston after
coating it with brake fluid.
CAUTION: Force applied to the piston to seat it in
the bore must be applied uniformly to avoid cock-
ing and binding of the piston.
(4) Install piston into caliper bore pushing it past
the piston seal until it bottoms in the caliper bore
(Fig. 49).
Fig. 47 Removing Piston Seal
1 - PLASTIC TRIM STICK
2 - CALIPER
3 - PISTON SEAL GROOVE
4 - PISTON SEAL
Fig. 48 Installing New Piston Seal
1 - CALIPER
2 - PISTON SEAL
3 - SEAL GROOVE
5 - 32 BRAKES - BASERS
DISC BRAKE CALIPER - REAR (Continued)
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ing pedal adjustment, the APM will monitor pedal
position sensor voltage. If the APM does not detect
expected voltage change within 3 seconds, it will cut
power to the adjustable pedal motor.
An optional memory feature is available. This
allows storing of one or two preferred pedal positions
in the APS. A preferred position can be stored and
recalled using the door-mounted switches. A stored
pedal position can be recalled (but not stored) using
the Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) if equipped with
the memory feature.
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - ADJUSTABLE
PEDAL SYSTEM
Refer to Appropriate Diagnostic Information.
REMOVAL
NOTE: Before proceeding, review all Steering Col-
umn and Airbag Warnings and Cautions. (Refer to
19 - STEERING/COLUMN - WARNING)(Refer to 8 -
ELECTRICAL/RESTRAINTS - WARNING)
(1) Remove battery ground cable terminal from
battery negative post and isolate.
(2) Under instrument panel, remove silencer panel
below lower steering column cover.
(3) Remove screws securing lower steering column
cover/knee blocker, then remove it (Fig. 62).(4) Disconnect parking brake release link at
release handle.
(5) Compress tabs on sides of data link diagnostic
connector and remove it from knee blocker reinforce-
ment plate.
(6) Remove screws securing knee blocker reinforce-
ment plate in place, then remove reinforcement plate
(Fig. 62).
(7) Remove screws securing instrument panel
lower left reinforcement in place, then remove rein-
forcement (Fig. 63).
(8) Remove brake lamp switch. Discard the origi-
nal switch; it must not be reused (Refer to 8 - ELEC-
TRICAL/LAMPS/LIGHTING - EXTERIOR/BRAKE
LAMP SWITCH - REMOVAL)
(9) Remove screws fastening upper and lower
steering column shrouds to steering column (Fig. 64).
(10) Remove the lower shroud with adjustable
pedal switch; disconnect switch wiring connector
along left side of column as shroud is removed (Fig.
65).
(11) Disconnect traction control off switch wiring
connector; Remove upper shroud with traction con-
trol off switch.
(12) Disconnect wiring harness connectors (as
equipped) from clockspring, multi-function switch,
halo lamp, SKIM module, ignition switch and BTSI
solenoid (Fig. 65).
(13) Disconnect column wiring harness routing clip
from column.
Fig. 62 Lower Steering Column Cover And
Reinforcement
1 - INSTRUMENT PANEL
2 - REINFORCEMENT PLATE
3 - LOWER STEERING COLUMN COVER/KNEE BLOCKER
Fig. 63 Instrument Panel Lower Left Reinforcement
1 - INSTRUMENT PANEL LOWER REINFORCEMENT
2 - STEERING WHEEL
3 - LOWER LEFT REINFORCEMENT
RSBRAKES - BASE5-43
PEDAL - ADJUSTABLE (Continued)
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(3) Remove sill scuff plate from left door sill.
(4) Remove the left side kick panel.
(5) Remove the silencer panel under the instru-
ment panel.
(6) Remove the steering column cover from the
lower instrument panel.
(7) Remove the reinforcement from the lower
instrument panel.
(8) Remove the front parking brake cable from the
parking brake cable equalizer (Fig. 121).
(9) Remove tension from front park brake cable.
Tension is removed by releasing the locking pliers
from the front park brake cable.
(10) Remove the 3 bolts mounting the wiring junc-
tion block to the instrument panel.
NOTE: When removing the lower mounting bolt,
push the park brake pedal down 5 clicks to access
the lower mounting bolt.
(11) Remove the lower bolt mounting the park
brake pedal to the body (Fig. 122).
(12) Remove the forward nut mounting the park
brake pedal to the body (Fig. 122).
(13) Remove the upper bolt mounting the park
brake pedal to the body (Fig. 122).
(14) Pull downward on front park brake cable
while rotating park brake pedal mechanism out from
behind junction block.
(15) Remove park brake pedal release link from
park brake mechanism.
(16) Remove the warning lamp ground switch con-
nector from the park brake pedal mechanism (Fig.
122).(17) Remove front park brake cable button from
park brake pedal mechanism. Tap end housing for
front park brake cable out of park brake pedal mech-
anism.
INSTALLATION
(1) Install park brake cable end housing into park
brake pedal mechanism.
(2) Install cable retainer onto the park brake cable
strand and then install retainer into pedal bracket.
(3) Install cable strand button into the clevis on
the park brake pedal mechanism.
(4) Install wiring harness connector on warning
indicator lamp ground switch.
(5) Install the park brake release rod on the
release mechanism of the park brake pedal.
(6) Position the park brake pedal mechanism into
its installed position on the body of the vehicle.
(7) Loosely install the top bolt mounting the park
brake pedal mechanism to the body (Fig. 122).
(8) Loosely install the forward nut mounting the
park brake pedal mechanism to the body (Fig. 122).
(9) Loosely install the lower bolt mounting the
park brake pedal mechanism to the body (Fig. 122).
(10) Tighten pedal mechanism attaching bolts and
nut to 28 N´m (250 in. lbs.).
(11) Verify that the park brake pedal is in the fully
released (full up) position.
(12) Raise vehicle.
(13) Install the front park brake cable on the park
brake cable equalizer (Fig. 121).
Fig. 121 Parking Brake Cable Equalizer
1 - EQUALIZER
2 - LEFT REAR PARKING BRAKE CABLE
3 - LOCKING NUT
4 - INTERMEDIATE PARKING BRAKE CABLE
5 - FRONT PARKING BRAKE CABLE
Fig. 122 PARKING BRAKE LEVER MOUNTING
1 - WIRE HARNESS CONNECTOR
2 - LEVER MECHANISM
3 - FRONT CABLE
RSBRAKES - BASE5-73
LEVER - PARKING BRAKE (Continued)
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black tire marks since the wheel never reaches a
fully locked condition. However, tire marks may be
noticeable as light patched marks.
START-UP CYCLE
When the ignition is turned on, a popping sound
and a slight brake pedal movement may be noticed.
The ABS warning lamp will also be on for up to 5
seconds after the ignition is turned on. When the
vehicle is first driven off, a humming may be heard
or felt by the driver at approximately 20±40 kph
(12±25 mph). All of these conditions are a normal
function of ABS as the system is performing a diag-
nosis check.
PREMATURE ABS CYCLING
Symptoms of premature ABS cycling include: click-
ing sounds from the solenoid valves; pump/motor
running; and pulsations in the brake pedal. Prema-
ture ABS cycling can occur at any braking rate of the
vehicle and on any type of road surface. Neither the
red BRAKE warning lamp, nor the amber ABS warn-
ing lamp, illuminate and no fault codes are stored in
the CAB.
Premature ABS cycling is a condition that needs to
be correctly assessed when diagnosing problems with
the antilock brake system. It may be necessary to use
a DRB scan tool to detect and verify premature ABS
cycling.
Check the following common causes when diagnos-
ing premature ABS cycling: damaged tone wheels;
incorrect tone wheels; damaged steering knuckle
wheel speed sensor mounting bosses; loose wheel
speed sensor mounting bolts; excessive tone wheel
runout; or an excessively large tone wheel-to-wheel
speed sensor air gap. Give special attention to these
components when diagnosing a vehicle exhibiting
premature ABS cycling.
After diagnosing the defective component, repair or
replace it as required. When the component repair or
replacement is completed, test drive the vehicle to
verify that premature ABS cycling has been cor-
rected.
OPERATION - ELECTRONIC VARIABLE BRAKE
PROPORTIONING
Upon entry into EVBP the inlet valve for the rear
brake circuit is switched on so that the fluid supply
from the master cylinder is shut off. In order to
decrease the rear brake pressure, the outlet valve for
the rear brake circuit is pulsed. This allows fluid to
enter the low pressure accumulator (LPA) in the
hydraulic control unit (HCU) resulting in a drop in
fluid pressure to the rear brakes. In order to increase
the rear brake pressure, the outlet valve is switched
off and the inlet valve is pulsed. This increases thepressure to the rear brakes. This back-and-forth pro-
cess will continue until the required slip difference is
obtained. At the end of EVBP braking (brakes
released) the fluid in the LPA drains back to the
master cylinder by switching on the outlet valve and
draining through the inlet valve check valve. At the
same time the inlet valve is switched on in case of
another brake application.
The EVBP will remain functional during many
ABS fault modes. If both the red BRAKE and amber
ABS warning indicators are illuminated, the EVBP
may not be functioning.
OPERATION - TRACTION CONTROL SYSTEM
The traction control module monitors wheel speed.
During acceleration, if the module detects front
(drive) wheel slip and the brakes are not applied, the
module enters traction control mode. Traction control
operation proceeds in the following order:
(1) Close the normally open isolation valves.
(2) Start the pump/motor and supply volume and
pressure to the front (drive) hydraulic circuit. (The
pump/motor runs continuously during traction con-
trol operation.)
(3) Open and close the build and decay valves to
maintain minimum wheel slip and maximum trac-
tion.
The cycling of the build and decay valves during
traction control is similar to that during antilock
braking, except the valves work to control wheel spin
by applying the brakes, whereas the ABS function is
to control wheel skid by releasing the brakes.
If the brakes are applied at anytime during a trac-
tion control cycle, the brake lamp switch triggers the
controller to switch off traction control.
HYDRAULIC SHUTTLE VALVES
Two pressure relief hydraulic shuttle valves allow
pressure and volume to return to the master cylinder
reservoir when not consumed by the build and decay
valves. These valves are necessary because the
pump/motor supplies more volume than the system
requires.
TRACTION CONTROL LAMP
The traction control system is enabled at each igni-
tion cycle. It may be turned off by depressing the
Traction Control Off switch button when the ignition
is in the ON position. The traction control function
lamp (TRAC OFF) illuminates immediately upon
depressing the button.
The traction control function lamp illuminates dur-
ing a traction control cycle, displaying TRAC.
If the CAB calculates that the brake temperatures
are high, the traction control system becomes inoper-
ative until a time-out period has elapsed. During this
RSBRAKES - ABS5-87
BRAKES - ABS (Continued)
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The ABS portion of the brake system must be bled
separately. Use the following procedure to properly
bleed the brake hydraulic system including the ABS.
BLEEDING
When bleeding the ABS system, the following
bleeding sequence must be followed to insure com-
plete and adequate bleeding.
(1) Make sure all hydraulic fluid lines are installed
and properly torqued.
(2) Connect the DRBIIItscan tool to the diagnos-
tics connector. The diagnostic connector is located
under the lower steering column cover to the left of
the steering column.
(3) Using the DRB, check to make sure the CAB
does not have any fault codes stored. If it does, clear
them using the DRB.
WARNING: WHEN BLEEDING THE BRAKE SYSTEM
WEAR SAFETY GLASSES. A CLEAR BLEED TUBE
MUST BE ATTACHED TO THE BLEEDER SCREWS
AND SUBMERGED IN A CLEAR CONTAINER FILLED
PART WAY WITH CLEAN BRAKE FLUID. DIRECT
THE FLOW OF BRAKE FLUID AWAY FROM YOUR-
SELF AND THE PAINTED SURFACES OF THE VEHI-
CLE. BRAKE FLUID AT HIGH PRESSURE MAY
COME OUT OF THE BLEEDER SCREWS WHEN
OPENED.
(4) Bleed the base brake system using the stan-
dard pressure or manual bleeding procedure. (Refer
to 5 - BRAKES - BASE - STANDARD PROCEDURE)
(5) Using the DRB, select ANTILOCK BRAKES,
followed by MISCELLANEOUS, then BLEED
BRAKES. Follow the instructions displayed. When
the scan tool displays TEST COMPLETED, discon-
nect the scan tool and proceed.
(6) Bleed the base brake system a second time.
Check brake fluid level in the reservoir periodically
to prevent emptying, causing air to enter the hydrau-
lic system.
(7) Fill the master cylinder reservoir to the full
level.
(8) Test drive the vehicle to be sure the brakes are
operating correctly and that the brake pedal does not
feel spongy.
SPECIFICATIONS
ABS FASTENER TORQUE
(Refer to 5 - BRAKES - BASE - SPECIFICA-
TIONS)
TONE WHEEL RUNOUT
DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATION
Front Tone Wheel
Maximum Runout0.15 mm (0.006 in.)
Rear Tone Wheel
Maximum Runout0.15 mm (0.006 in.)
WHEEL SPEED SENSOR AIR GAP
DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATION
Front Sensor0.35 ± 1.20 mm
0.014 ± 0.047 in.
Rear Sensor0.40 ± 1.20 mm
0.016 ± 0.047 in.
FRONT WHEEL SPEED
SENSOR
REMOVAL
(1) Raise vehicle. (Refer to LUBRICATION &
MAINTENANCE/HOISTING - STANDARD PROCE-
DURE)
(2) Remove the tire and wheel assembly.
(3) Remove the sensor cable routing clamp screws.
CAUTION: When disconnecting the wheel speed
sensor from vehicle wiring harness, be careful not
to damage pins on connector
(4) Remove speed sensor cable grommets from
intermediate bracket on strut.
(5) Disconnect speed sensor cable from vehicle wir-
ing harness behind fender well shield.
(6) Remove the wheel speed sensor head mounting
bolt (Fig. 1).
(7) Remove sensor head from steering knuckle. If
sensor has seized due to corrosion,DO NOT USE
PLIERS ON SENSOR HEAD.Use a hammer and a
punch and tap edge of sensor ear, rocking the sensor
side-to-side until free.
(8) Remove front wheel speed sensor from vehicle.
INSTALLATION
CAUTION: Proper installation of wheel speed sen-
sor cables is critical to continued system operation.
Be sure that cables are installed in retainers. Fail-
ure to install cables in retainers as shown in this
section may result in contact with moving parts and
over extension of cables, resulting in an open cir-
cuit.
RSBRAKES - ABS5-89
BRAKES - ABS (Continued)
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(7) Using a brake pedal depressor, move and lock
the brake pedal to a position past the first inch of
pedal travel.This will prevent brake fluid from
draining out of the master cylinder once the
brake tubes are removed from the HCU.
CAUTION: Do not apply a 12±volt power source to
any terminals of the 24-way CAB connector when
disconnected.
(8) Disconnect the wiring harness connector from
the speed control servo.
(9) Remove the speed control servo mounting nuts
and move the servo out of the way.
(10) Disconnect the 24±way connector from the
CAB. To disconnect the 24±way connector, grasp the
lock on the 24±way connector and pull it as far up as
possible. This will unlock the 24±way connector from
the socket on the CAB.
CAUTION: Before removing the brake tubes from
the HCU, the HCU must be thoroughly cleaned. This
must be done to prevent dirt particles from falling
into the ports of HCU or entering the brake tubes.
(11) Thoroughly clean all surfaces of the ICU and
brake tube nuts. Use only a solvent such as Mopart
Brake Parts Cleaner or equivalent to clean the ICU.
(12) Remove the brake tubes (4) from the outlet
ports on the HCU (Fig. 14).
(13) Remove the primary and secondary brake
tubes from the inlet ports on the HCU (Fig. 14).
(14) Center and prop the steering wheel.
(15) Remove the silencer panel under the instru-
ment panel, below the steering column.(16) Remove the pinch bolt and disconnect the
steering shaft coupling.
(17) Remove the two clips securing silencer to dash
seal (Fig. 15).
(18) Remove the three screws securing the dash
seal (Fig. 15).
(19) Remove the 3 bolts attaching the ICU to its
mounting bracket (Fig. 16).
(20) Remove ICU from the vehicle through engine
compartment.
(21) If required, to separating the CAB from the
HCU, (Refer to 5 - BRAKES - ABS/HYDRAULIC/ME-
CHANICAL/ICU (INTEGRATED CONTROL UNIT) -
DISASSEMBLY).
REMOVAL - RHD
NOTE: Before proceeding, (Refer to 5 - BRAKES -
WARNING)(Refer to 5 - BRAKES - CAUTION)
(1) Disconnect the negative (ground) cable from
the battery and isolate cable.
(2) Using a brake pedal depressor, move and lock
the brake pedal to a position past the first inch of
pedal travel.This will prevent brake fluid from
Fig. 14 BRAKE TUBE NUTS AT ICU
1 - PRIMARY BRAKE TUBE
2 - SECONDARY BRAKE TUBE
3 - CHASSIS BRAKE TUBES
Fig. 15 LOWER COUPLING AND DASH SEAL
1 - COUPLING
2 - DASH SEAL
3 - SILENCER
4 - MOUNTING SCREWS
5 - RETAINING CLIPS
6 - DASH
RSBRAKES - ABS5 - 101
ICU (INTEGRATED CONTROL UNIT) (Continued)
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OPERATION
OPERATION - COOLING SYSTEM
The engine cooling systems primary purpose is to
maintain engine temperature in a range that will
provide satisfactory engine performance and emission
levels under all expected driving conditions. It also
provides hot water (coolant) for heater performance
and cooling for automatic transmission oil. It does
this by transferring heat from engine metal to cool-
ant, moving this heated coolant to the radiator, and
then transferring this heat to the ambient air.
²When engine is cold: thermostat is closed, cool-
ing system has no flow through the radiator. The
coolant bypass flows through the engine only.
²When engine is warm: thermostat is open, cool-
ing system has bypass flow and coolant flow through
radiator.
Coolant flow circuits for the 2.4L and 3.3/3.8L
engines are shown in (Fig. 2).
OPERATION - HOSE CLAMPS
The spring type hose clamp applies constant ten-
sion on a hose connection. To remove a spring type
hose clamp, use Special Tool 6094 or equivalent, con-
stant tension clamp pliers (Fig. 3) to compress the
hose clamp.
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - COOLING SYSTEM
LEAK TEST
WARNING: THE WARNING WORDS ªDO NOT OPEN
HOTº ON THE RADIATOR PRESSURE CAP IS A
SAFETY PRECAUTION. WHEN HOT, PRESSURE
BUILDS UP IN COOLING SYSTEM. TO PREVENT
SCALDING OR INJURY, THE RADIATOR CAP
SHOULD NOT BE REMOVED WHILE THE SYSTEM
IS HOT OR UNDER PRESSURE.
Fig. 2 Cooling System Flow
1 - HEATER - REAR (3.3/3.8L OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT) 6 - WATER PUMP
2 - HEATER - FRONT 7 - RADIATOR
3 - ENGINE 8 - COOLANT RECOVERY/RESERVE CONTAINER
4 - THERMOSTAT 9 - COOLANT FLOW - PRESSURE CAP VACUUM
5 - ENGINE OIL COOLER (3.3/3.8L OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT) 10 - COOLANT FLOW - PRESSURE CAP RELIEF
7 - 2 COOLINGRS
COOLING (Continued)
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With engine not running, remove radiator pressure
cap and wipe the radiator filler neck sealing seat
clean. The radiator should be full.
Attach the Cooling System Tester 7700 or equiva-
lent to the radiator, as shown in (Fig. 4) and apply
104 kPa (15 psi) pressure. If the pressure drops more
than 13.8 kPa (2 psi) in 2 minutes, inspect all points
for external leaks.
All radiator and heater hoses should be shaken
while at 104 kPa (15 psi), since some leaks occur only
while driving due to engine movement.If there are no external leaks, after the gauge dial
shows a drop in pressure, detach the tester. Start
engine and run until the thermostat opens, allowing
the coolant to expand. Reattach the cooling system
tester. If the needle on the dial fluctuates it indicates
a combustion leak, usually a head gasket leak.
WARNING: WITH TOOL IN PLACE, PRESSURE WILL
BUILD UP FAST. EXCESSIVE PRESSURE BUILT UP,
BY CONTINUOUS ENGINE OPERATION, MUST BE
RELEASED TO A SAFE PRESSURE POINT. NEVER
PERMIT PRESSURE TO EXCEED 138 kPa (20 psi).
If the needle on the dial does not fluctuate, raise
the engine rpm a few times. If an abnormal amount
of coolant or steam emits from the tailpipe, it may
indicate a coolant leak caused by a faulty head gas-
ket, cracked engine block, or cracked cylinder head.
There may be internal leaks that can be deter-
mined by removing the oil dipstick. If water globules
appear intermixed with the oil it will indicate an
internal leak in the engine. If there is an internal
leak, the engine must be disassembled for repair.
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - COOLING SYSTEM
FLOW CHECK
To determine whether coolant is flowing through
the cooling system, use one of the following proce-
dures:
PREFERRED METHOD
WARNING: DO NOT REMOVE THE COOLING SYS-
TEM PRESSURE CAP OR ANY HOSE WITH THE
SYSTEM HOT AND UNDER PRESSURE BECAUSE
SERIOUS BURNS FROM COOLANT CAN OCCUR.
²Remove pressure cap when engine is cold.
Remove small amount of coolant. Idle engine until
thermostat opens. You should observe coolant flow
while looking down the filler neck. Once flow is
detected install the pressure cap. Replace removed
coolant into coolant recovery container.
ALTERNATIVE METHOD
²If engine is cold, idle engine until normal oper-
ating temperature is reached. Feel the upper radiator
hose. If it is hot, coolant is circulating.
Fig. 3 Hose Clamp Tool
1 - HOSE CLAMP TOOL 6094
2 - HOSE CLAMP
Fig. 4 Pressure Testing
RSCOOLING7-3
COOLING (Continued)
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DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - COOLING SYSTEM
AERATION
Low coolant level in a cross flow radiator will
equalize in both tanks with engine off. With engine
at running and at operating temperature, the high
pressure inlet tank runs full and the low pressure
outlet tank drops, resulting in cooling system aera-
tion. Aeration will draw air into the water pump
resulting in the following:
²High reading shown on the temperature gauge.
²Loss of coolant flow through the heater core.
²Corrosion in the cooling system.
²Water pump seal may run dry, increasing the
risk of premature seal failure.
²Combustion gas leaks into the coolant can also
cause the above problems.
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - COOLING SYSTEM
DEAERATION
Air can only be removed from the system by gath-
ering under the pressure cap. On the next heat up it
will be pushed past the pressure cap into the coolant
recovery bottle by thermal expansion of the coolant.
It then escapes to the atmosphere in the coolant
recovery bottle and is replaced with coolant on cool
down.
To effectively deaerate the system, multiple ther-
mal cycles of the system may be required.
NOTE: Deaeration does not occur at engine idleÐ
higher engine speeds are required. Normal driving
will deaerate cooling system.
STANDARD PROCEDURE
STANDARD PROCEDURE - COOLING SYSTEM
DRAINING
WARNING: DO NOT REMOVE OR LOOSEN THE
COOLANT PRESSURE CAP, CYLINDER BLOCK
DRAIN PLUGS, OR THE DRAINCOCK WHEN THE
SYSTEM IS HOT AND UNDER PRESSURE
BECAUSE SERIOUS BURNS FROM THE COOLANT
CAN OCCUR.
(1)Without removing radiator pressure cap
and with system not under pressure, open the
draincock. The draincock is located on the lower left
side of radiator (Fig. 5).
(2) After the coolant recovery/reserve container is
empty, then remove coolant pressure cap (Fig. 6).
(3) Remove the cylinder block drain plug(s).
STANDARD PROCEDURE - COOLING SYSTEM
FILLING
Remove radiator pressure cap (Fig. 6) and fill sys-
tem, using a 50/50 mix of MopartAntifreeze/Coolant,
5 Year/100,000 Mile Formula and distilled water.
Continue filling system until full.Be careful not
to spill coolant on drive belts or the generator.
Fill coolant recovery/reserve container (Fig. 6) to at
least the MAX mark with 50/50 solution. It may be
necessary to add coolant to the recovery/reserve con-
tainer after three or four warm up/cool down cycles
to maintain coolant level between the MAX and MIN
mark. This will allow trapped air to be removed from
the system.
STANDARD PROCEDURE - ADDING
ADDITIONAL COOLANT
The radiator cap should not be removed.
When additional coolant is needed to maintain this
level, it should be added to the coolant recovery/re-
serve container (Fig. 6). Use only 50/50 mix of ethyl-
ene glycol type antifreeze and distilled water. For the
recommeded antifreeze/coolant type (Refer to LUBRI-
CATION & MAINTENANCE/FLUID TYPES -
DESCRIPTION).
CAUTION: Do not use well water, or suspect water
supply in cooling system. A 50/50 ethylene glycol
and distilled water mix is recommended. For the
recommeded antifreeze/coolant type (Refer to
LUBRICATION & MAINTENANCE/FLUID TYPES -
DESCRIPTION).
Fig. 5 Draincock Location
1 - LEFT SIDE FRAME RAIL
2 - DRAINCOCK
7 - 4 COOLINGRS
COOLING (Continued)
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