Bearing DODGE TRUCK 1993 Service Repair Manual

•

LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE
0 - 3
CAUTION: UNLEADED FUEL ONLY must
be
used
in

vehicles equipped
with
a
catalyst emission
control

system.
All
vehicles have reminders
printed
on the
instrument
panel below
the
fuel
gauge
and on the

fuel
filler
door.
The
vehicles also have
fuel
filler

tubes
that
are
specially designed
to
accept only
the
small-diameter nozzles.
It is
illegal
to
bypass
the

design
of an
unleaded
fuel
filler
tube.

DIESEL ENGINES All
Ram
Truck
and Ram
Cab/Chassis Diesel
en­

gines normally
can use
number
2D
Diesel fuel
for

most year-round operations.
A
fuel conforming
to

ASTM Specification D-975
is
recommended.
For ex­

treme cold-weather, number
ID
Diesel fuel
is
recom­ mended.

CLASSIFICATION
OF
LUBRICANTS
Lubricating fluids
and
chassis lubricants
are
clas­
sified according
to
standards recommended
by the:
• Society
of
Automotive Engineers
(SAE)

• American Petroleum Institute
(API)

• National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI)
ENGINE
OIL

SAE
VISCOSITY
GRADE
An
SAE
viscosity grade
is
used
to
specify
the
vis­
cosity
of
engine
oil. SAE 30
specifies
a
single viscos­
ity engine
oil.

Engine oils also have multiple viscosities. These
are specified with
a
dual
SAE
viscosity grade which
indicates
the
cold-to-hot temperature viscosity range (Fig.
3).

API
SERVICE
GRADE
The
API
Service Grade specifies
the
type
of
perfor­
mance
the
engine
oil is
intended
to
provide.
The API
Service Grade specifications also apply
to
energy con­
serving engine oils
(Fig. 3).

For maximum gasoline engine protection,
use API

Service Grade
SG,
SG/CD
or
SG/CE engine
oil.

For maximum Diesel engine protection,
use

API Service
CE or
SG/CE engine
oil.

GEAR LUBRICANTS A dual grade
is
also used
to
specify
the
viscosity
of

multi-purpose gear lubricants.
The
API
grade designation identifies gear lubri­
cants
in
terms
of
recommended usage.
OIL

QUALITY

SAE

VISCOSITY
GRADE

FUEL

ECONOMY

NOTATION
J91004

Fig.
3 SAE Oil
Viscosity Grade
& API
Service
Grade
CHASSIS COMPONENT
AND
WHEEL BEARING
LUBRICANTS The chassis
and
wheel bearing lubricants
are
iden­
tified
by the
NLGI Certification Symbol.
The
symbol
contains
a
coded designation. This identifies
the us­
age
and
quality
of the
lubricant.
The letter
G
within
the
symbol designates wheel
bearing lubricant.
The
letter
L
designates chassis
lu­

bricant. When
the
letters
are
combined,
the
lubricant can
be
used
for
dual applications.
Use
only lubricants
that display
the
NLGI Certification Symbol.

NATIONAL LUBRICATING
GREASE
INSTITUTE
NLGI

AUTOMOTIVE
WHEEL BEARING
&
CHASSIS LUBRICANT
GC-LB

-CERTIFICATION

SYMBOL
—
USAGE
AND

QUALITY
DESIGNATION
J920W7

Fig.
4
NLGI
Lubricant Container
Certification/
Identification
Symbol
LUBRICATION
AND
REPLACEMENT
PARTS

RECOMMENDATION
Ram Trucks
are
engineered
to
provide many years
of dependable operation. However, lubrication service
and maintenance
are
required
for
each vehicle. When
necessary, MOPAR®brand lubricants
and
genuine
re­

placement parts
are
recommended.

0 - 4
LUBRICATION
AND
MAINTENANCE

COMPONENTS
REQUIRING
NO
LUBRICATION

There are many components that should not be lu­
bricated. The components that should not be lubri­ cated are: • Air pumps
• Generator bearings
• Brake booster cylinder • Clutch release bearings
• Distributors
• Drive belts • Drive belt idler pulleys • Drive shaft center bearings
• Idler arms • Rubber bushings
• Starter motor bearings • Suspension strut bearings
• Rear spring shackle bolts • Rear wheel bearings (not equipped with a Dana
or 70 axle)
• Throttle control cables
• Throttle linkage ball joints • Water pump bearings

•

Fig.
5
Cleaning
Filter
Element—Typical

DIESEL
ENGINE
AIR
FILTER CANISTER MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE

The Diesel engine air filter should be cleaned after
each interval specified in the Diesel engine mainte­
nance schedule.
When the vehicle is operated in dusty areas, the
canister should be cleaned more frequently.

EXHAUST
MANIFOLD HEAT CONTROL VALVE
MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE
The exhaust manifold heat valve should be ser­
viced after the interval specified in the maintenance schedule has elapsed.
SERVICE The exhaust manifold heat valve is located at the
left manifold (Fig. 6). Test the valve for non-re­ stricted movement.
Fig.
6 Manifold Heat Control
Valve
LUBRICATION
AND
MAINTENANCE
0 - 17

Fig.
7 Positive
Crankcase
Ventilation

System—Typical

SYSTEM OPERATION
Each PCV system is comprised of an air inlet filter,
a flow-control (PCV) valve, and the associated hoses.
The air inlet filter is located at the cylinder head cover (Fig. 7).
WARNING:
USE
EXTREME CAUTION WHEN
THE

ENGINE
IS
OPERATING.
DO NOT PUT
YOUR
HANDS NEAR
THE
DRIVE BELT(S), PULLEYS
OR

FAN BLADE.
DO NOT
STAND
IN A
DIRECT LINE

WITH
THE FAN
BLADE.

(1) With the engine idling, accelerate momen­
tarily. The valve shaft counterweight should move CLOCKWISE.
(2) If no movement is observed, either the shaft is
binding or the thermostat spring is weak or broken. (3) If the thermostat spring is weak or broken, re­
place the spring.
(4) Verify the manifold is COOL. Apply
MOPAR®Rust Penetrant (or an equivalent product)
to each end of the valve shaft at the bearings (Fig.
6).

(5) Allow the solvent to penetrate for a few min­

utes.
Then, rotate the valve shaft back and forth un­
til it turns without restriction.

AIR INJECTION SYSTEMS/AIR PUMP
Air injection system/air pump valves and switches
should be periodically tested for proper operation. In­
spect the check valve tubing for corrosion. Replace it
if excessive corrosion exists.

CRANKCASE
VENTILATION
SYSTEM
All gasoline engines are equipped with a positive
crankcase ventilation (PCV) system. The PCV sys­
tem prevents emission of residual engine oil vapor
from the crankcase (Fig. 7).

0
- 22
LUBRICATION
AND
MAINTENANCE

DRIVETRAIN

INDEX

page

Axles
25
Clutch
and
Brake Pedal
Bushings
............ 22

Clutch Master Cylinder
22

Drive Shafts
26
page

Front Axle U-Joint
and
Pivot Bearings
......... 26

Transfer
Case
(4WD
Vehicles)
. . ........ 24

Transmissions
. 22

CLUTCH
AND
BRAKE PEDAL
If the clutch and brake pedal mechanism squeaks,
the pivot bushings should be lubricated (Fig. 1). Use
MOPAR®Multi-Purpose Lubricant, or an equivalent.

CLUTCH
MASTER CYLINDER
HYDRAULIC FLUID LEVEL The clutch master cylinder fluid level should be in­
spected at the same time as underhood maintenance
is conducted. The fluid level should be at indicating
line (Fig. 1). If the fluid level is low, locate and cor­
rect any possible leaks. Fill the reservoir with clean,
moisture-free brake fluid.
FLUID SPECIFICATION The only fluid recommended for use is
MOPAR®Brake Fluid, or an equivalent product. The
SLAVE

CYLINDER
CLUTCH
HOUSING
23
N«m
(200 IN.
LBS.)
product is identified as SAE J-1703 or DOT 3 flu­
id.Do not use any other type of
fluid.

CAUTION:
Never
use
reclaimed brake fluid
or
fluid
from
an
unsealed container.
Do not use
fluid that
has
been opened
and
allowed
to
stand
for an ex­

tended length
of
time.
TRANSMISSIONS

SPECIAL ADDITIVES Chrysler Motors does not recommend the addition
of any special additives to a transmission. Black
light detection dye can be used as an aid in detecting
fluid leaks.
RESERVOIR

STUD
VIEW
IN
DIRECTION
GtAKBQWZ

LUBRICATE
CLUTCH
PEDAL
23 N#m
(200 IN. LBS.)
5
N«m
(40 IN.
LBS

MASTER

CYLINDER
COTTER
PIN

NUT
23 N*m (200 IN.
LBS.) WAVE WASHER RETAINING RING

BRAKE
PEDAL VIEW
IN
DIRECTION FLAT WASHER
OF ARROW
Y
RR06F1

Fig.
1
Clutch
& Brake
Pedal
Mechanism

0
- 26
LUBRICATION
AND
MAINTENANCE

•

"PRESS-IN"
TYPE FILLER PLUG

RK43t

Fig.
8
Rear Axle Fill Plug Location—Typical Fig.
9
Front Axle (4
WD)
Fill Plug Location
.All axles contain
SAE
80W-90 multi-purpose
type hypoid gear lubricant when delivered from
the factory.
Use
the
same maintenance procedures
for
rear
axles equipped with
a
limited-slip differential.

CAUTION:
Water
contaminated
gear
lubricant
will
result
in
possible
failure
of the
axle
differential

components.
Operation
of the
vehicle
in
water,
will
require
that:

•
The
lubricant
be
drained
•
The
differential housing flushed (except limited- slip differentials)
•
The
differential refilled with fresh lubricant
LUBRICANT
VISCOSITIES
FOR
ANTICIPATED

TEMPERATURE
RANGES

Anticipated Temp.
Range
Recommended
SAE
Grade

Above
32°C
SAi
140
(90°F)
SAE
SOW-140

(90°F)

S\E
85W-140

-
23°C to 32°C
SAE
90

(-10°F
to 90°F)
SAE
80W-90

(-10°F
to 90°F)

SAE
80W-140

oAE
85W-140
(ielow
-23°C
SAE
75W

(-10°F)
SAE
75W-90

(-10°F)

SAE
80W

SAE
80W-I40

J9000-56

LUBRICANT
SPECIFICA
TION
A multi-purpose lubricant should
be
used
in all ax­

les with either
a
standard
or a
limited-slip differen­

tial.
A
friction additive must also
be
used
in 8.25 and
9.25 limited-slip differentials.
The use of a
friction
modifier
is
helpful
in
preventing axle chatter. Dana axles
do not
require
any
friction additive.

FRONT
AXLE
U-JOINT
AND
PIVOT
BEARINGS

MODEL
W350 (WITH
DANA
60
AXLE) For vehicles subject
to the
LIGHT DUTY CYCLE
Maintenance Schedule, lubricate
the
pivot bearings at each
12 000 km
(7,500 miles) interval.
For
vehi­
cles subject
to the
HEAVY DUTY CYCLE Mainte­
nance Schedule, lubricate
the
pivot bearings
at
each
9
600 km
(6,000 miles) interval.

LUBRICATION
SPECIFICATION
Lubricate
the
pivot bearings with
a
multi-purpose
lubricant, grade
2 EP.

Do
not use
high pressure
to
lubricate
the
front
axle universal drive joints.

MODELS
WiOO,
W150,
W250 (WITH
DANA
44

AXLE)

The front axle universal joint
and
pivot bearings
are permanently lubricated
and
normally
do not re­

quire service.

DRIVE
SHAFTS

SLIP-YOKE
LUBRICATION
When equipped with lube fittings,
it is
recom­
mended that
the
slip-yoke splines
be
lubricated every
9
600 km
(6,000 miles).
For
severe usage, lubricate
the splines every
1 600 km
(1,000 miles).
The method described below will ensure complete
lubrication
of the
slip-yoke splines.

(1)
Clean
the
Zerk type lubrication fittings.
(2)
Use a
lubricant dispenser
to
force lubricant
into
the
slip yoke fittings.

0
- 28
LUBRICATION
AND
MAINTENANCE

•
CHASSIS AND BODY

page

Body
Component Mechanisms
32
Front
Suspension
Ball
Joints
28

Front
Wheel Bearings
29

Headlamps
32

Lower
and
Upper Suspension
Arm
Bushings
.... 30

Manual
Steering Gear
28

STEERING
LINKAGE

INSPECTION When
a
vehicle
is
raised
for
maintenance under
the vehicle,
all
steering components should
be
checked.
LUBRICATION SCHEDULE The steering linkage
is
lubricated with
a
chassis
lubricant. However,
it is
recommended that
the
link­
age
be
inspected
and
lubricated after each:
•
24 000 km
(15,000 miles) interval
or
every
6

months,
for 2WD
vehicles subject
to the
LIGHT
DUTY CYCLE Maintenance Schedule
•
9 600 km
(6,000 miles) interval
or
every
6
months,
for
2WD
vehicles subject
to the
HEAVY DUTY
CY­
CLE Maintenance Schedule
•
12 000 km
(7,500 miles) interval
or
every
6

months,
for 4WD
vehicles subject
to the
LIGHT DUTY CYCLE Maintenance Schedule
•
9 600 km
(6,000 miles) interval
or
every
6
months,
for
4WD
vehicles subject
to the
HEAVY DUTY
CY­
CLE Maintenance Schedule.
LUBRICATION (1) Inspect
the
steering linkage
for
looseness
and

excessive wear. (2) Replace,
all
ruptured seals
and
damaged steer­
ing linkage components. Damaged seals should
be re­

placed
to
prevent leakage
and
contamination
of the
lubricant.

CAUTION:
Use
care
to
prevent lubricant from
con­

tacting
the
brake rotors.

(3) Lubricate
the
steering linkage:
• Clean
the
Zerk type lubrication fittings
on the tie-

rod
and
center link ball-stud ends
• Lubricate
the
ball studs with MOPAR®Multi-Mile- age Lubricant
• Wipe
the
excess lubricant from
the
exterior sur­
faces
of the
ball joints
page

Power
Brake System
30
Power
Steering System
. . 29

Rear
Wheel Bearings
30

Speedometer Cable
33

Steering Linkage
28

Tires
32

FRONT
SUSPENSION
BALL JOINTS

INSPECTION When
a
vehicle
is
raised
for
lubrication/general
maintenance,
the
ball joints should
be
inspected.
LUBRICATION SCHEDULE The front suspension ball joints
are
lubricated dur­
ing manufacture with
a
long-life chassis lubricant.
However,
it is
recommended that
the
ball joints
be

inspected
and the
studs lubricated:
•
At
each
36 000 km
(22,500 miles) interval
or
every
2 years,
for
vehicles subject
to the
LIGHT DUTY
CY­
CLE Maintenance Schedule
•
At
each
9 600 km
(6,000 miles) interval
or
every
2

years,
for
vehicles subject
to the
HEAVY DUTY
CY­
CLE Maintenance Schedule.
4WD vehicles that
are
frequently driven
off-

road should
be
lubricated
at
every engine
oil
change.
LUBRICATION (1) Inspect
the
front suspension. Examine
the
ball
studs
for
looseness
and
excessive wear. (2) Replace
all
torn ball-stud seals
and
damaged
ball joints. Damaged seals should
be
replaced
to
pre­ vent leakage
and
contamination.

CAUTION:
Use
care
to
prevent lubricant from
con­

tacting
the
brake rotors.

(3) Lubricate
the
ball studs:
• Clean
the
Zerk type lubrication fittings
on the

ball-stud ends
• Lubricate
the
ball studs with MOPAR®Multi-Mile-age Lubricant
• Wipe
the
excess lubricant from
the
exterior sur­
faces
of the
ball joints

MANUAL
STEERING
GEAR

LUBRICATION Manual steering gears
are
permanently lubricated
during manufacture. Periodic lubrication
is not
nec­
essary.

•

LUBRICATION
AND
MAINTENANCE
0 - 29
POWER STEERING SYSTEM

SERVICE SCHEDULE

FLUID
LEWEL

WARNING.
THE
POWER
STEERING
FLUID LEVEL
SHOULD
ALWAYS
BE
CHECKED
WITH THE EN­

GINE
OFF TO
PREVENT
PERSONAL
INJURY.

The power steering fluid should be checked when­
ever the engine is being serviced for other reasons. Clean the outside of the cap before removing. The
fluid should be at the proper level indicated on cap dipstick (Fig. 1).

Fig.
1
Power
Steering Reservoir & Cap—Typical
The reservoir fluid level can be determined with
the fluid either hot or cold. If the fluid level is below
the FULL HOT or FULL COLD marks on the dip­ stick, add power steering fluid. The dipstick is at­
tached to the reservoir cap (Fig. 1).
FLUID SPECIFICATION MOPAR03)Power Steering Fluid is highly recom­
mended.

FRONT
WHEEL BEARINGS
INSPECTION/LUBRICATION SCHEDULE

2WD
VEHICLES
It is recommended that 2WD front wheel bearings
be inspected for proper lubrication whenever the
brake rotors are removed or at least: • At each 39 000 km (24,000 miles) interval for ve­
hicles subject to the LIGHT DUTY CYCLE Mainte­ nance Schedule • At each 36 000 km (22,500 miles) interval for ve­
hicles subject to the HEAVY DUTY CYCLE Mainte­ nance Schedule The bearings should be cleaned and re-packed
with a high temperature, multi-purpose EP lu­
bricant.
4WD
VEHICLES

It is recommended that 4WD front wheel bearings
be inspected for proper lubrication whenever the
brake rotors are removed or at least:
• At each 24 000 km (15,000 miles) interval for ve­
hicles subject to the LIGHT DUTY CYCLE Mainte­ nance Schedule
• At each 19 000 km (12,000 miles) interval for ve­
hicles subject to the HEAVY DUTY CYCLE Mainte­ nance Schedule
For vehicles used for extensive off-road, 4WD
operation, the front wheel bearings should be in­ spected every 1 600 km (1,000 miles).
The bearings should be cleaned and re-packed
with a high temperature, multi-purpose EP lu­
bricant whenever the disc brake rotors are re­ surfaced.
INSPECTION If the lubricant:
• Is not sufficient
• Contaminated with foreign particles
• Appears dry or has been contaminated with water
to produce a milky appearance, the bearings should
be cleaned and re-packed with lubricant.

CAUTION:
Do not add
lubricant
to the
wheel
bear­
ings.
Re-pack completely. Mixing
of
different
types
of lubricants
in
wheel
bearings should
be
avoided.
This could possibly result
in
excessive thinning
and
leakage
of the
lubricant.

LUBRICATION (1) Discard the original seal.
(2) Clean the original lubricant from the bearings
and from the hub cavity (Figs. 2 and 3).
(3) Inspect the bearing rollers for indications of
pitting. Light bearing roller discoloration is consid­ ered normal. A wheel bearing must be replaced if any serious damage exists.
(4) Re-pack the bearings with a high temperature,
multi-purpose NLGI GC-LB lubricant. The use of a
bearing packer is recommended. A small amount of fresh lubricant also should be added to the hub cav­ ity.
BEARING INSTALLA TION/ADJUSTMENT (1) Install the hub/rotor (with inner bearing and
seal) on steering knuckle spindle.
(2) Install the outer bearing, the thrust washer
and the nut.
(3) Tighten wheel bearing nut to 27-34 N^m (240-
300 in. lbs.) torque while rotating hub/rotor. This
will seat the bearings.
(4) Loosen the nut 1/4 of-a-turn (90°), then tighten
it finger-tight.

0 - 30
LUBRICATION
AND
MAINTENANCE
— - •

Fig.
2 Front
Wheel
Bearing—2WD Vehicles
Fig.
3 Front
Wheel
&
Spindle
Bearings—4WD

Vehicles

(5) Position nut lock on the nut with one pair of
slots aligned with the cotter pin hole. Install the cot­
ter pin.
(6) Install the dust cap and wheel/tire. Tighten the
wheel lug nuts to 115 N*m (85 ft. lbs.) torque. Install
the wheel cover.

LUBRICANT SPECIFICATION
Use a high temperature, multi-purpose NLGI
GC-LB lubricant (MOPAR®Wheel Bearing Lubricant,
or an equivalent lubricant).
REAR
WHEEL BEARINGS
LUBRICATION
DANA
60
AND
70
AXLES
The rear wheel bearings for vehicles equipped with
a Dana 60 or 70 axle should be cleaned and re­
packed whenever the rear brakes are serviced. Refer
to Group 3—Rear Axles for the service procedure.

CHRYSLER
AXLES
, Vehicles equipped with 8 3/8-inch and 9
1/4-inch

axles have axle shaft bearings instead of wheel bear­

ings.
These bearings are lubricated by the axle hous­
ing sump.

LOWER
AND UPPER
SUSPENSION
ARM

BUSHINGS

INSPECTION
SCHEDULE
The lower and upper suspension arm bushings
should be inspected each time the underside of the
vehicle is serviced.

INSPECTION
The lower suspension arm bushings can be visually
inspected by raising the vehicle on a hoist and in­ specting from underneath. The upper suspension arm
bushings can be inspected after removing the front wheels. If failure exists, replace the bushing (refer to Group 2—Front Suspension for the proper proce­

dures).

The suspension arm bushings never should be
lubricated.

GUIDELINES
(1) Faulty bushings are detected by the bushing
being off-center in relation to the outer sleeve.
(2) Total failure is evident by excessive movement
within the bushing.

(3)
Small cracks in the outer, non-confined rubber
does not indicate failure of the rubber. '

POWER BRAKE SYSTEM
Vehicles are equipped with power disc brakes at
the front wheels and drum brakes at the rear wheels.

MASTER CYLINDER

FLUID
LEVEL INSPECTION
The brake fluid level should be inspected at the
same time as other underhood service is done (Fig.

4).
If necessary, add fluid to raise the level to the
bottom of the split rings. With disc-brakes, the fluid level can be expected to lower as the brake pads
wear. However, a low fluid level can also be caused
by a leak, and repair will then be necessary.

•

LUBRICATION
AND
MAINTENANCE
0 - 33 BODY LUBRICANT SPECIFICATIONS

COMPONENT
SERVICE
INTERVAL
LUBRICANT

Door
Hinges
As
Required
Engine
Oil

Door
Latches
As
Required Multi-Purpose Grease
NLGI
GC-LB

(Water
Resistant)
(1)

Hood
Latch Release Mechanism
&
Safety Latch
As
Required
(When Performing Other Underhood Services) Multi-Purpose Grease
NLGI
GC-LB
2
EP
(2)

Hood
Hinges
As
Required
Engine
Oil

Seat Regulator
&
Track Release Mechanism
As
Required Multi-Purpose Grease
NLGI
GC-LB
2
EP
(2)

Tailgate Hinge
As
Required Multi-Purpose Grease
NLGI
GC-LB
2
EP
(2)

Tailgate Support Arms
As
Required

Engine
Oil

Tailgate Latches
As
Required
White
Spray Lubricant
(3)

Tailgate Release Handle (Pivot & Slide Contact Surfaces)
As
Required Multi-Purpose Grease
NLGI
GC-LB
2
EP
(2)

Window System Components (Regulators, Tracks,
Rods

&
Channel Areas — Except
Glass
Run Weatherstrips
and
Felt
Lubricator,
if
Equipped)
As
Required

White
Spray Lubricant
(3)

Lock
Cylinders Twice/Year
Lock
Cylinder Lubricant
(4)

Parking Brake Mechanism
As
Required Multi-Purpose Grease
NLGI
GC-LB
(1)

1.
Mopar
Wheel
Bearing Grease (High
Temperature)

2. Mopar Multi-Mileage Lubricant 3. Mopar Spray
White
Lube
4. Mopar Lock Cylinder Lubricant

J9200-58

SPEEDOMETER
CABLE

SERVICE INFORMATION Speedometer cable lubrication is not necessary. For
service information involving noisy or erratic cables,
refer to Group 8E—Instrument Panel and Gauges.

FRONT SUSPENSION
AND
AXLE
2 - 3

FRONT
WHEEL
ALIGNMENT

GENERAL
INFORMATION
Front wheel alignment involves
the
correct posi­
tioning
of the
tire contact patch
in
relation
to the

pavement.
The
positioning
is
accomplished through
the suspension
and
steering linkage adjustments.
An
alignment
is
essential
for
efficient steering
and
direc­
tional stability.
The
most important factors
of
front
end alignment
are
camber, caster
and toe
position. Routine inspection
of
the front
suspension
and
steering components
is a
good
preventative

maintenance practice.
Inspection
also
helps
to
ensure
safe operation
of the
vehicle.

• CAMBER
is the
number
of
degrees
the top of the

wheel
is
tilted either inward
or
outward.
An
excessive
negative camber angle will cause tread wear
at the in­
side
of
the tire.
An
excessive positive camber angle will
cause tread wear
at the
outside
of
the tire (Fig.
1),
• CASTER
is the
number
of
degrees
of
forward
or

rearward tilt
of the
steering knuckles. Forward tilt
provides
a
negative caster angle. Rearward tilt pro­ vides
a
positive caster angle
(Fig. 1).

• WHEEL
TOE
POSITION
is the
difference between
the leading
and
trailing inside edges
of the
front
tires (Fig.
1).
Incorrect wheel
toe
position
is the
most common cause
of
unstable steering
and
steering wheel off-center.
The
wheel
toe
position
is the
final
front wheel alignment adjustment. • STEERING AXIS INCLINATION ANGLE
is
mea­
sured
in
degrees
and is the
angle that
the
steering
knuckles
are
tilted (Fig. 1).
The
inclination angle
has

a fixed relationship with
the
camber angle. This will
not change except when
a
spindle
or
ball stud
is

damaged
or
bent.
The
angle
is not
adjustable
and the

damaged component(s) must
be
replaced
to
correct
mis-alignment.

CAUTION:
Do not
attempt to modify
any
suspension

or steering
component
by
heating
and
bending.

PRE-ALIGNMENT INSPECTION
Before starting
a
front wheel alignment,
the
follow­
ing inspection
and
necessary corrections must
be
completed.
(1)
Tires with
the
same recommended
air
pressure,

size,
and
tread wear. Refer
to
Group
22,
Wheels
and

Tires
for
diagnosis information. (2) Front wheel bearings
for
wear
or
adjustment.
(3) Ball studs
and
linkage pivot points, steering
gear
for
looseness, roughness, binding
or a
sticking
condition. Refer
to
Group
19,
Steering
for
additional information.
CASTER

POSITIVE CASTER
STEERING
WHEEL CENTER

i 0.5
CCW
0
5
CW

CCW
=
COUNTER CLOCKWISE
CW
-
CLOCKWISE
CAMBER

NEGATIVE CAMBER (SHOWN)
TOP
OF
WHEEL INBOARD
POSITIVE CAMBER
(NOT
SHOWN)
TOP
OF
WHEEL OUTBOARD
NOMINAL-PREFERRED

THE NOMINAL VALUE
IS

THE
PREFERRED
VALUE

LEFT/RIGHT
DIFFERENCE

THE VALUE
Of
THE LEFT SIDE
MINUS THE VALUE
OF
THE
RIGHT SIDE

EX.

If
FT CASTER
- +6 5

RIGHT
CASTER
»
+8.0

LEFT/RIGHT DIFFERENCE

65 8.0
=
1
5
TOE

NEGATIVE TOE (TOE
OUT)
B>A
POSITIVE TOE (TOE
IN) 6 FRONT
Of
VEHICLE
ft
THRUST
ANGLE

ANGLE
OF
REAR
AXLE RELATIVE
TO
VEHICLE CENTERUNE

(+)
AXLE POINTS LEFT
(-)
AXLE POINTS RIGHT

PRODUCTION
TOLERANCE
THE RANGE
Of
ACCEPTABLE

VALUES
AROUND THE NOMINAL

-
PREFERRED PRODUCTION
+6.5A7.5

PREFERRED:
+7.0

TOLERANCE:
0.5
J9302-61

Fig.
1
Wheel
Alignment
Measurements