check engine FORD FESTIVA 1991 Repair Manual

gases into harmless substances.
PCV VALVE
The Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) valve, located in the valve cover, controls the flow of blow-by gas from the crankcase to the intake
man ifo l d .
SELF-DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM
The ECA monitors its inputs and outputs. When it detects a malfunction, it sets a code in the ECA and sends a signal to the CHECK ENGINE
warning light. The light remains on until the malfunction is repaired. Trouble codes may be accessed at the Self-Test Output (STO) and Self-
Test Input (STI) connectors, near the battery.
If a sensor fails, the ECA will use a substitute value in its calculations to permit continued engine operation. In this condition, the vehicle will
run, but driveability may be poor. Intermittent failures may result in the CHECK ENGINE warning light flickering or going out after the fault
goes away. The corresponding trouble code, however, will be stored in the ECA. If fault does not recur, the related code will be erased from
ECA memory.
CHECK ENGINE LIGHT
Hard failures cause the CHECK ENGINE warning light to come on and remain on until the malfunction is repaired. If the warning light comes
on and stays on during vehicle operation, determine and correct the cause of the malfunction. NOTE:For additional inform ation and operating procedures for the self-diagnostic system , refer to T EST S
W/CODES article in the ENGINE PERFORMANCE Section.
Copyr ight 2009 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Article GUID: A00022697
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CDI
Capacitor Discharge Ignition
CEC
Computerized Engine Control
CID
Cubic Inch Displacement
cm
Centimeter
CMP
Camshaft Position Sensor
CO
Carbon Monoxide
CO
2
Carbon Dioxide
Cont.
Continued
CONV
Convertible
CP
Canister Purge
CKP
Crankshaft Position Sensor
CTS
Coolant Temperature Sensor
Cu. In.
Cubic Inch
CVC
Constant Vacuum Control
CV
Check Valve or Constant Velocity
CW
Clockwise
CYL or Cyl.
Cylinder
C
3 I
Computer Controlled Coil Ignition
C
4
Computer Controlled Catalytic Converter
"D"
"D"
Page 4 of 15 MITCHELL 1 ARTICLE - GENERAL INFORMATION Commonly Used Abbreviations
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Back To Article
GENERAL INFORMATION
T rouble Shooting - Basic Procedures
* PLEASE READ THIS FIRST *
ACCESSORIES & ELECTRICAL
CHARGING SYSTEM TROUBLE SHOOTING
BASIC CHARGING SYSTEM TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART NOTE:This is GENERAL inform ation. This article is not intended to be specific to any unique situation or
individual vehicle configuration. T he purpose of this T rouble Shooting inform ation is to provide a list
of com m on causes to problem sym ptom s. For m odel-specific T rouble Shooting, refer to SUBJECT ,
DIAGNOST IC, or T EST ING articles available in the section(s) you are accessing.
NOTE:This is GENERAL inform ation. This article is not intended to be specific to any unique situation or
individual vehicle configuration. T he purpose of this T rouble Shooting inform ation is to provide a list
of com m on causes to problem sym ptom s. For m odel-specific T rouble Shooting, refer to SUBJECT ,
DIAGNOST IC, or T EST ING articles available in the section(s) you are accessing.
NOTE:This is GENERAL inform ation. This article is not intended to be specific to any unique situation or
individual vehicle configuration. T he purpose of this T rouble Shooting inform ation is to provide a list
of com m on causes to problem sym ptom s. For m odel-specific T rouble Shooting, refer to SUBJECT ,
DIAGNOST IC, or T EST ING articles available in the section(s) you are accessing.
CONDITION & POSSIBLE CAUSECORRECTION
Vehicle Will Not Start
Dead batteryCheck battery cells, alternator
belt tension and alternator
output
Loose or corroded battery connectionsCheck all charging system
connections
Ignition circuit or switch malfunctionCheck and replace as necessary
Alternator Light Stays On With Engine Running
Loose or worn alternator drive beltCheck alternator drive tension
and condition, See Belt
Adjustment in TUNE-UP article
in the TUNE-UP section
Loose alternator wiring connectionsCheck all charging system
connections
Short in alternator light wiringSee Indicator Warning Lights in
STANDARD INSTRUMENTS
in the ACCESSORIES &
EQUIPMENT section
Defective alternator stator or diodesSee Bench Tests in
ALTERNATOR article
Defective regulatorSee Regulator Check in
ALTERNATOR article
Alternator Light Stays Off With Ignition Switch ON
Blown fuseSee WIRING DIAGRAMS
Defective alternatorSee Testing in ALTERNATOR
article
Defective indicator light bulb or socketSee Indicator Warning Lights in
STANDARD INSTRUMENTS
in the ACCESSORIES &
EQUIPMENT section
Alternator Light Stays OFF With Ignition Switch ON
Short in alternator wiringSee On-Vehicle Tests in
ALTERNATOR article
Defective rectifier bridgeSee Bench Tests in
ALTERNATOR article
Lights or Fuses Burn Out Frequently
Defective alternator wiringSee On-Vehicle Tests in
ALTERNATOR article
Defective regulatorSee Regulator Check in
ALTERNATOR article
Defective batteryCheck and replace as necessary
Ammeter Gauge Shows Discharge
Loose or worn drive beltCheck alternator drive belt
tension and condition. See Belt
Adjustment in TUNE-UP article
in the TUNE-UP section
Defective wiringCheck all wires and wire
Page 1 of 36 MITCHELL 1 ARTICLE - GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures
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Fig. 2: Ignition Primary Trouble Shooting Chart

STARTER TROUBLE SHOOTING
BASIC STARTER TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART
NOTE:This is GENERAL inform ation. This article is not intended to be specific to any unique situation or
individual vehicle configuration. T he purpose of this T rouble Shooting inform ation is to provide a list
of com m on causes to problem sym ptom s. For m odel-specific T rouble Shooting, refer to SUBJECT ,
DIAGNOST IC, or T EST ING articles available in the section(s) you are accessing.
CONDITION & POSSIBLE CAUSECORRECTION
Starter Fails to Operate
Dead battery or bad connections between starter and batteryCheck battery charge and all
wires and connections to
starter
Ignition switch faulty or misadjustedAdjust or replace ignition
switch
Open circuit between starter switch ignition terminal on starter relayCheck and repair wires and
connections as necessary
Starter relay or starter defectiveSee Testing in STARTER
article
Open solenoid pull-in wireTesting in STARTER article
Starter Does Not Operate and Headlights Dim
Weak battery or dead cellCharge or replace battery as
necessary
Loose or corroded battery connectionsCheck that battery connections
are clean and tight
Internal ground in starter windingsSee Testing in STARTER
article
Grounded starter fieldsSee Testing in STARTERS
Armature rubbing on poleSee STARTER article shoes
Starter Turns but Engine Does Not Rotate
Starter clutch slippingSee STARTER article
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Broken clutch housingSee STARTER article
Pinion shaft rusted or drySee STARTER article
Engine basic timing incorrectSee Ignition Timing in TUNE-
UP article
Broken teeth on engine flywheelReplace flywheel and check for
starter pinion gear damage
Starter Will Not Crank Engine
Faulty overrunning clutchSee STARTER article
Broken clutch housingSee STARTER article
Broken flywheel teethReplace flywheel and check for
starter pinion gear damage
Armature shaft sheared or reduction gear teeth strippedSee STARTER article
Weak batteryCharge or replace battery as
necessary
Faulty solenoidSee On-Vehicle Tests in
STARTER article
Poor groundsCheck all ground connections
for tight and clean connections
Ignition switch faulty or misadjustedAdjust or replace ignition
switch as necessary
Starter Cranks Engine Slowly
Battery weak or defectiveCharge or replace battery as
necessary
Engine overheatedSee ENGINE COOLING
SYSTEM article
Engine oil too heavyCheck that proper viscosity oil
is used
Poor battery-to-starter connectionsCheck that all between battery
and starter are clean and tight
Current draw too low or too highSee Bench Tests in STARTER
article
Bent armature, loose pole shoes screws or worn bearingSee STARTER article
Burned solenoid contactsReplace solenoid
Faulty starterReplace starter
S t a r t e r E n ga ge s E n gin e On l y M o me n t a r il y
Engine timing too far advancedSee Ignition Timing in TUNE-
UP article
Overrunning clutch not engaging properlyReplace overrunning clutch.
See STARTER article
Broken starter clutchSee STARTER article
Broken teeth on engine flywheelReplace flywheel and check
starter pinion gear for damage
Weak drive assembly thrust springSee STARTER article
Weak hold-in coilSee Bench Tests in STARTER
article
Starter Drive Will Not Engage
Defective point assemblySee Testing in STARTER
article
Poor point assembly groundSee Testing in STARTER
article
Defective pull-in coilReplace starter solenoid
Starter Relay Does Not Close
Dead batteryCharge or replace battery as
necessary
Faulty wiringCheck all wiring and
connections leading to relay
Neutral safety switch faultyReplace neutral safety switch
Starter relay faultyReplace starter relay
Starter Drive Will Not Disengage
Starter motor loose on mountingsTighten starter attach bolts
Worn drive end bushingSee STARTER article
Damaged engine flywheel teethReplace flywheel and starter
pinion gear for damage
Drive yolk return spring broken or missingReplace return spring
Faulty ignition switchReplace ignition switch
Insufficient clearance between winding leads to solenoid terminal and main contact in solenoidReplace starter solenoid
Starter clutch not disengagingReplace starter clutch
Ignition starter switchReplace ignition switch
contacts sticking
Starter Relay Operates but Solenoid Does Not
Faulty solenoid switch, switch connections or relayCheck all wiring between relay
and solenoid or replace relay
or solenoid as necessary
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AIR CONDITIONING & HEAT
AIR CONDITIONING TROUBLE SHOOTING
BASIC AIR CONDITIONING TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART
HEATER SYSTEM TROUBLE SHOOTING
BASIC HEATER SYSTEM TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART
Broken lead or loose soldered connectionsRepair wire or wire
connections as necessary
Solenoid Plunger Vibrates When Switch is Engaged
Weak batteryCharge or replace battery as
necessary
Solenoid contacts corrodedClean contacts or replace
solenoid
Faulty wiringCheck all wiring leading to
solenoid
Broken connections inside switch coverRepair connections or replace
solenoid
Open hold-in wiresolenoid
Low Current Draw
Worn brushes or weak brush springsReplace brushes or brush
springs as necessary
High Pitched Whine During Cranking Before Engine Fires but Engine Fires and Cranks Normally
Distance too great between starter pinion and flywheelAlign starter or check that
correct starter and flywheel are
being used
High Pitched Whine After Engine Fires With Key released. Engine Fires and Cranks Normally
Distance too small between starter pinion and flywheelFlywheel runout contributes to
the intermittent nature
WARNING:This is GENERAL inform ation. This article is not intended to be specific to any unique situation or
individual vehicle configuration. T he purpose of this T rouble Shooting inform ation is to provide a list
of com m on causes to problem sym ptom s. For m odel-specific T rouble Shooting, refer to SUBJECT ,
DIAGNOST IC, or T EST ING articles available in the section(s) you are accessing.
CONDITIONPOSSIBLE CAUSE
Compressor Not WorkingCompressor clutch circuit open.
.....Compressor clutch coil inoperative.
.....Poor clutch ground connection.
.....Fan belts loose.
.....Thermostatic switch inoperative.
.....Thermostatic switch not adjusted.
.....Ambient temperature switch open.
.....Superheat fuse blown.
Excessive Noise or VibrationMissing or loose mounting bolts.
.....Bad idler pulley bearings.
.....Fan belts not tightened correctly.
.....Compressor clutch contacting body.
.....Excessive system pressure.
.....Compressor oil level low.
.....Damaged clutch bearings.
.....Damaged reed valves.
.....Damaged compressor.
In su fficien t o r No Co o l in g; Co mp resso r
WorkingExpansion valve inoperative.
.....Heater control valve stuck open.
.....Low system pressure.
.....Blocked condenser fins.
.....Blocked evaporator fins.
.....Vacuum system leak.
.....Vacuum motors inoperative.
.....Control cables improperly adjusted.
.....Restricted air inlet.
.....Mode doors binding.
.....Blower motor inoperative.
.....Temperature above system capacity.
NOTE:This is GENERAL inform ation. This article is not intended to be specific to any unique situation or
individual vehicle configuration. T he purpose of this T rouble Shooting inform ation is to provide a list
of com m on causes to problem sym ptom s. For m odel-specific T rouble Shooting, refer to DIAGNOST IC,
or T EST ING articles available in the section(s) you are accessing.
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ENGINE MECHANICAL
COOLING SYSTEM TROUBLE SHOOTING
COOLING SYSTEM TROUBLE SHOOTING
Malfunctioning power unitSee POWER BRAKES or
BRAKE SYSTEM
Partial system failureCheck fluid and pipes
Worn disc pad or liningReplace pad or lining
Caliper piston stuck or sluggishSee DISC BRAKES or
BRAKE SYSTEM
Master cylinder piston stuckSee MASTER CYLINDERS
or BRAKE SYSTEM
Brake fade due to incorrect pads for liningsReplace pads or linings
Linings or pads glazedReplace pads or linings
Worn drumsReface or replace drums
Excessive Pedal Travel
Partial brake system failureCheck fluid and pipes
Insufficient fluid in master cylinderSee MASTER CYLINDERS
or BRAKE SYSTEM
Air trapped in systemSee BRAKE BLEEDING or
BRAKE SYSTEM
Rear brakes not adjustedSee Adjustments in DRUM
BRAKES or BRAKE
SYSTEM
Bent shoe or liningSee DRUM BRAKES or
BRAKE SYSTEM
Plugged master cylinder capSee MASTER CYLINDERS
or BRAKE SYSTEM
Improper brake fluidReplace brake fluid
Pedal Travel Decreasing
Compensating port pluggedSee MASTER CYLINDERS
or BRAKE SYSTEM
Swollen cup in master cylinderSee MASTER CYLINDERS
or BRAKE SYSTEM
Master cylinder piston not returningSee MASTER CYLINDERS
or BRAKE SYSTEM
Weak shoe retracting springsSee DRUM BRAKES BRAKE
SYSTEM
Wheel cylinder piston stickingSee DRUM BRAKES or
BRAKE SYSTEM
Dragging Brakes
Master cylinder pistons not returningSee MASTER CYLINDERS
BRAKE SYSTEM
Restricted brake lines or hosesCheck line routing
Incorrect parking brake adjustmentSee DRUM BRAKES BRAKE
SYSTEM
Parking Brake cables frozenSee DRUM BRAKES BRAKE
SYSTEM
Incorrect installation of inboard disc padRemove and replace correctly
Power booster output rod too longSee POWER BRAKE UNITS
BRAKE SYSTEM
Brake pedal not returning freelySee DISC, DRUM BRAKES
BRAKE SYSTEM
Brakes Grab or Uneven Braking Action
Malfunction of combination valveSee CONTROL VALVE or
BRAKE SYSTEM
Malfunction of power brake unitSee POWER BRAKE UNITS
or BRAKE SYSTEM
Binding brake pedalSee DISC, DRUM BRAKES
or BRAKE SYSTEM
Pulsation or Roughness
Uneven pad wear caused by caliperSee DISC BRAKES or
BRAKE SYSTEM
Uneven rotor wearSee DISC BRAKES or
BRAKE SYSTEM
Drums out-of-roundReface or replace drums
NOTE:This is GENERAL inform ation. This article is not intended to be specific to any unique situation or
individual vehicle configuration. T he purpose of this T rouble Shooting inform ation is to provide a list
of com m on causes to problem sym ptom s. For m odel-specific T rouble Shooting, refer to SUBJECT ,
DIAGNOST IC, or T EST ING articles available in the section(s) you are accessing.
CONDITION & POSSIBLE CAUSECORRECTION
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GASOLINE ENGINE - MECHANICAL TROUBLE SHOOTING
BASIC GASOLINE ENGINE - MECHANICAL TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART
Overheating
Coolant LeakFill/Pressure Test System
A/C Condenser Fins CloggedRemove/Clean Condenser
Radiator Fins CloggedRemove/Clean Radiator
Thermostat Stuck ClosedReplace Thermostat
C l o gge d C o o l in g S yst e m P a ssa ge sClean/Flush Cooling System
Water Pump MalfunctionReplace Water Pump
Fan Clutch MalfunctionReplace Fan Clutch
Retarded Ignition TimingReset Ignition Timing
Cooling Fan MalfunctionTest Cooling Fan/Circuit
Cooling Fan Motor MalfunctionTest Fan Motor
Cooling Fan Relay MalfunctionTest Fan Relay
Faulty Radiator CapReplace Radiator Cap
Broken/Slipping Fan BeltReplace Fan Belt
Restricted ExhaustRepair Exhaust System
Corrosion
Impurities In CoolantClean/Flush System
Coolant Leakage
Damaged hoseReplace Hose
Leaky Water PumpReplace Water Pump
Damaged Radiator SeamReplace/Repair Radiator
Leaky Thermostat CoverReplace Thermostat Cover
Cylinder Head ProblemCheck Head/Head Gasket
Leaky Freeze PlugsReplace Freeze Plugs
Recovery System Inoperative
Loose and/or Defective Radiator CapReplace Radiator Cap
Overflow Tube Clogged and/or LeakingRepair Tube
Recovery Bottle Vent RestrictedClean Vent
No Heater Core Flow
Collapsed Heater HoseReplace Heater Hose
Pl u gge d He a t e r C o r eClean/Replace Heater Core
Faulty Heater ValveReplace Heater Valve
NOTE:This is GENERAL inform ation. This article is not intended to be specific to any unique situation or
individual vehicle configuration. T he purpose of this T rouble Shooting inform ation is to provide a list
of com m on causes to problem sym ptom s. For m odel-specific T rouble Shooting, refer to SUBJECT ,
DIAGNOST IC, or T EST ING articles available in the section(s) you are accessing.
CONDITION & POSSIBLE CAUSECORRECTION
Engine Lopes At Idle
In t ake man ifo l d -t o -h ead l eaksReplace manifold gasket, See
ENGINES
Blown head gasketReplace head gasket, See
ENGINES
Worn timing gears, chain or sprocketReplace gears, chain or
sprocket
Worn camshaft lobesReplace camshaft, See
ENGINES
Overheated engineCheck cooling system, See
COOLING
Blocked crankcase vent valveRemove restriction
Le a kin g E GR va l veRepair leak and/or replace
va l ve
Faulty fuel pumpReplace fuel pump
Engine Has Low Power
Leaking fuel pumpRepair leak and/or replace
fu el p u mp
Excessive piston-to-bore clearanceInstall larger pistons, See
ENGINES
Sticking valves or weak valve springsCheck valve train components,
See ENGINES
Incorrect valve timingReset valve timing, See
ENGINES
Worn camshaft lobesReplace camshaft, See
ENGINES
Blown head gasketReplace head gasket. See
ENGINES.
Clutch slippingAdjust pedal and/or replace
components, See ENGINES
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Engine overheatingCheck cooling system, See
COOLING
Auto. Trans. pressure regulator valve faultyReplace pressure regulator
va l ve
Auto. Trans. fluid level too lowAdd fluid as necessary
Improper vacuum diverter valve operationReplace vacuum diverter valve
Vacuum leaksInspect vacuum system and
repair as required
Leaking piston ringsReplace piston rings, See
ENGINES
Faulty High Speed Operation
Low fuel pump volumeReplace fuel pump
Le a kin g va l ve s o r wo r nReplace valves and/or springs,
See ENGINES
Incorrect valve timingReset valve timing,See
ENGINES
In t ake man ifo l d rest rict edRemove restriction
Worn distributor shaftReplace distributor
Faulty Acceleration
Improper fuel pump strokeRemove pump and reset pump
stroke
Incorrect ignition timingReset ignition timing, See
TUNE-UP
Le a kin g va l ve sReplace valves, See ENGINES
Worn fuel pump diaphragm or pistonReplace diaphragm or piston
In t ake Backfire
Improper ignition timingReset ignition timing, See
TUNE-UP
Faulty accelerator pump dischargeReplace accelerator pump
Improper choke operationCheck choke and adjust as
required
Defective EGR valveReplace EGR valve
Fuel mixture too leanReset air/fuel mixture, See
TUNE-UP
Choke valve initial clearance too largeReset choke valve initial
clearance
Exhaust Backfire
Vacuum leakInspect and repair vacuum
system
Faulty vacuum diverter valveReplace vacuum diverter valve
Faulty choke operationCheck choke and adjust as
required
Exhaust system leakrepair exhaust system leak
Engine Detonation
Ignition timing too far advancedReset ignition timing, See
TUNE-UP
Faulty ignition systemCheck ignition timing, See
TUNE-UP
Spark plugs loose or faultyRetighten or replace plugs
Fuel delivery system cloggedInspect lines, pump and filter
fo r cl o g
EGR valve inoperativeReplace EGR valve
PCV system inoperativeInspect and/or replace hoses
or valve
Vacuum leaksCheck vacuum system and
repair leaks
Excessive combustion chamber depositsRemove built-up deposits
Leaking, sticking or broken valvesInspect and/or replace valves
External Oil Leakage
Fuel pump improperly seated or worn gasketRemove pump, replace gasket
and seat properly
Oil pan gasket broken or pan bentStraighten pan and replace
ga ske t
Timing chain cover gasket brokenReplace timing chain cover
ga ske t
Rear main oil seal wornReplace rear main oil seal
Oil pan drain plug not seated properlyRemove and reinstall drain
plug
Camshaft bearing drain hole blockedRemove restriction
Oil pressure sending switch leakingRemove and reinstall sending
switch
Excessive Oil Consumption
Worn valve stems or guidesReplace stems or guides, See
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ENGINES
Valve "O" ring seals damagedReplace "O" ring seals, See
ENGINES
Plugged oil drain back holesRemove restrictions
Improper PCV valve operationReplace PCV valve
Engine oil level too highRemove excess oil
Engine oil too thinReplace thicker oil
Valve stem oil deflectors damagedReplace oil deflectors
Incorrect piston ringsReplace piston rings, See
ENGINES
Piston ring gaps not staggeredReinstall piston rings, See
ENGINES
Insufficient piston ring tensionReplace rings, See ENGINES
Piston ring grooves or oil returnslots clogged Replace piston
rings, See ENGINES
Piston rings sticking in groovesReplace piston rings, See
ENGINES
Piston ring grooves excessively wornReplace piston and rings, See
ENGINES
Compression rings installed upside downReplace compression rings
correctly, See ENGINES
Worn or scored cylinder wallsRebore cylinders or replace
block
Mismatched oil ring expander and railReplace oil ring expander and
rail, See ENGINES
Intake gasket dowels too longReplace intake gasket dowels
Excessive main or connecting rod bearing clearanceReplace main or connecting
rod bearings, See ENGINES
No Oil Pressure
Low oil levelAdd oil to proper level
Oil pressure sender or gauge brokenReplace sender or gauge
Oil pump malfunctionRemove and overhaul oil
pump, See ENGINES
Oil pressure relief valve stickingR e mo ve a n d r e in st a l l va l ve
Oil pump passages blockedOverhaul oil pump, See
ENGINES
Oil pickup screen or tube blockedRemove restriction
Loose oil inlet tubeTighten oil inlet tube
Loose camshaft bearingsReplace camshaft bearings,
See ENGINES
Internal leakage at oil passagesReplace block or cylinder
head
Low Oil Pressure
Low engine oil levelAdd oil to proper level
Engine oil too thinRemove and replace with
thicker oil
Excessive oil pump clearanceReduce oil pump clearance,
See ENGINES
Oil pickup tube or screen blockedRemove restrictions
Main, rod or cam bearing clearance excessiveReplace bearing to reduce
clearance, See ENGINES
High Oil Pressure
Improper grade of oilReplace with proper oil
Oil pressure relief valve stuck closedEliminate binding
Oil pressure sender or gauge faultyReplace sender or gauge
Noisy Main Bearings
Inadequate oil supplyCheck oil delivery to main
bearings
Excessive main bearing clearanceReplace main bearings, See
ENGINES
Excessive crankshaft end playReplace crankshaft, See
ENGINES
Loose flywheel or torque converterTighten attaching bolts
Loose or damaged vibration damperTighten or replace vibration
damper
Crankshaft journals out-of-roundRe-grind crankshaft journals
Excessive belt tensionLoosen belt tension
Noisy Connecting Rods
Excessive bearing clearance or missing bearingReplace bearing, See
ENGINES
Crankshaft rod journal out-of-roundRe-grind crankshaft journal
Misaligned connecting rod or capRemove rod or cap and realign
Incorrectly tightened rod boltsRemove and re-tighten rod
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