change wheel FORD MUSTANG 1969 Volume One Chassis

04-01-02
General Axle Service

04-01-02

COMPONENT INDEX
MODEL APPLICATION

o

3
I

i

Ji

LUBRICANT LEVEL CHECK

01-10

PINION RETAINER

01-10

Cleaning and Inspection

01-10

SHIM AND BACKLASH CHANGES
01-03

Integral Carrier

Removable Carrier
01-04
N/A

01-04
01-04

01-04

01-04
01-04
01-04

N/A
N/A
N/A

U-JOINT FLANGE
01-10

Cleaning and Inspection
01-10

A page number indicates that the item is for the vehicle listed at the head of the column.

N/A indicates that the item is not applicable to the vehicle listed.

1
COMMON ADJUSTMENTS
AND
REPAIRS

IDENTIFICATION

The AXLE code on the vehicle

Warranty Plate (Fig. 1) identifies the

rear axle type (conventional or

limited-slip differential) and gear

ratio.

A metal tag (Fig. 2) stamped with

the model designation and gear ratio

is secured to one of the rear cover-

to-housing bolts (integral carrier-type)

or to one of the carrier-to-housing

bolts (removable carrier-type).

The spaces on the top line provide

the axle model identification code.

This code, such as WDT-AN4,

WDC-AS4, WEG-C2, etc. indicates a

specific combination of the following

factors: conventional or limited slip

differential; diameter of ring gear;

small or large wheel bearings; and the

gear ratio. Refer to the specifications

group of this manual for the car-line

rear axle ratios, gear and code
identif-

ication.

The second line on the tag is used

for gear ratio, the production date

code and the production plant identifi-

cation code.
It is important to use the model

designation when obtaining correct re-

placement parts.

LIMITED-SUP
OR

TRACTION-LOK DIFFERENTIAL

OPERATION CHECK

A limited-slip or Traction-Loc dif-
ferential can be checked for proper

operation without removing the carrier

from the axle housing.

Jack up one rear wheel and remove

the wheel cover. Install the tool on the

axle shaft flange studs as shown in

Fig. 3.

AXLE MODEL

PLANT CODING

DATE (YEAR, MONTH, WEEK)

RATIO (CONVENTIONAL)

(LIMITED SLIP WOULD
BE
3L00)

E 1918-A

FIG.
2—Rear
Axle Model Identification
Tag

NOT
FOR
TITLE
OR
REGISTRATION

9G5IVI0000I
WARRANTY NUMBER

E1917-A
CONVENTIONAL

2

3

4
.

5

6

7

A

c
LIMITED SLIP

K

L

M

/

/

p
_ —

R
— —

c

—
u

V
RATIO

2.75:1

2.79:1

— 2.80:1

2.83:1

-
3.00:1

3.10:1

—
3.25:1

3.50:1

3.08:1

3.91:1

— 4.30:1

FIG.
1
— Rear Axle Gear Ratio
and
Type Identificationprocarmanuals.com

04-01-03
General Axle Service

04-01-03

Tool-759L 4204-A,

T65K 4204-
A,

T66L-4204-A,

OR

Tool-44211-A

E1897-A

FIG. 3—Limited-Slip Differential Check

Using
a
torque wrench
of at
least

200 ft-lbs capacity, rotate
the
axle

shaft.
Be
sure that
the
transmission
is

in neutral,
one
rear wheel
is on the

floor,
and the
other rear wheel
is

raised
off the
floor.
The
torque
re-

quired
to
continuously rotate
the
shaft

should
be at
least
75
ft-lbs
or 40
ft-lbs

(Traction-Lok).
The
initial breakaway

torque
may
be
higher than
the
contin-

uous turning torque,
but
this
is nor-

mal.
The
axle shaft should turn with

^ven pressure throughout
the
check

without slipping
or
binding.

If
the
torque reading
is
less than

specified, check
the
differential
for

improper assembly.

A vehicle equipped with
a
limited-

slip differential will always have both

wheels driving.
If,
while
the
vehicle
is

being serviced, only
one
wheel
is

raised
off the
floor
and the
rear axle

is driven
by the
engine,
the
wheel
on

the floor will drive
the
vehicle
off the

stand
or
jack.

GEAR TOOTH CONTACT

PATTERN CHECK

When rolling
a
tooth pattern,
use

the special compound (tube) packed

with each service ring gear
and
pinion

set.

Paint
all
gear teeth
and
roll
a pat-

tern
as
described
in
Section
3.
After

diagnosing
the
tooth pattern
as ex-

plained here, make
the
appropriate

adjustments
as
outlined
in
Section
2.

In making
a
final gear tooth
con-

tact pattern check,
it is
necessary
to

recognize
the
fact that there
are
three

different types
of
gear sets, hunting,

non-hunting
and
partial non-hunting.

Each type
is
determined
by the num-
ber
of
teeth
in the
gears.
The non-

hunting
and
partial non-hunting types

can
be
identified
by the
paint timing

marks
on the
pinion
and
ring gear

teeth. (Part 4-2,
Fig. 51).
See
Part
4-5

for complete identification specifica-

tions.

ACCEPTABLE TOOTH

PATTERNS (ALL AXLES)

Figure
4
shows acceptable tooth

patterns
for all
axles.
Any
combina-

tion
of
drive
and
coast patterns will
be

acceptable.

In general, desirable tooth patterns

should have
the
following character-

istics:

1.
The
drive pattern should
be
fair-

ly well centered
on the
tooth.

2.
The
coast pattern should
be
fair-

ly well centered
on the
tooth.

3.
Some clearance between
the pat-

tern
and the top of the
tooth
is
desir-

able.

4.
There should
be no
hard lines

where
the
pressure
is
high.

The individual gear
set
need
not

conform exactly
to the
ideal pattern

to
be
acceptable.

Any combination
of
drive
and
coast

patterns shown
in Fig. 4 are
accep-

table.

Hunting Gear
Set

In
a
hunting-type gear
set, any one

pinion gear tooth comes into contact

with
all
ring gear teeth.
In
this type,

several revolutions
of
the
ring gear
are

required
to
make
all
possible gear

combinations.
Any combination
of
drive
and
coast

patterns shown
in
Fig.
4
will
be
acceep-

table.

Non-Hunting Gear
Set

In
a
non-hunting type gear
set, any

one pinion gear tooth comes into
con-

tact with only
a few
ring gear teeth.

In this type, only
one
revolution
of
the

ring gear
is
required
to
make
all
poss-

ible tooth contact combinations.
Any

combination
of
drive
and
coast
pat-

terns shown
in Fig. 4
will
be
accept-

able.

Partial Non-Hunting

Gear
Set

In
a
partial non-hunting type gear

set,
any one
pinion tooth comes into

contact with only part
of
the
ring gear

teeth,
but
more than
one
revolution
of

the ring gear
is
required
to
make
all

possible gear tooth combinations.
Any

combination
of
drive
and
coast
pat-

terns shown
in Fig. 4
will
be
accept-

able.

SHIM
AND
BACKLASH

CHANGES

Since each gear
set
rolls
a
charac-

teristic pattern,
the
patterns shown
in

Fig.
4 are
considered acceptable
and

should
be
used
as a
guide.
The
drive

pattern
is
rolled
on the
convex side
of

the tooth,
and the
coast pattern
is

rolled
on the
concave side.

The movement
of
tooth contact
pat-

terns with changes
in
shimming
can
be

summarized
as
follows:

Removable Carrier Type Axle

1.
Thicker shim with
the
backlash

set
to
specifications moves
the
pinion

further from
the
ring gear:

2.
Thinner shim with
the
backlash

set
to
specifications moves
the
pinion

closer
to the
ring gear:

If
the
patterns
are not
correct,

make
the
changes
as
indicated.
The

pinion need
not be
disassembled
to

change
a
shim.
All
that
is
required
is

to remove
the
pinion, bearing,
and re-

tainer assembly
and
install
a
different

shim. When reinstalling
the
pinion

and retainer assembly
of a
non-
hunt-

ing
or
partial non-hunting gear
set, be

sure that
the
marked tooth
on the pi-

nion indexes between
the
marked teeth

on
the
ring gear
(Fig.
51,
Part
4-2).

Refer
to
Pinion
and
Ring Gear Tooth

Contact Adjustment, Section
2.procarmanuals.com

04-01-07
General Axle Service

04-01-07

Tool-4201-
C

Tool-6565 USED WITH BRACKET

FROM Too/^*207-C

FLANGE

E1743-A
procedure under Backlash and Differ-

ential Bearing Preload Adjustments.

If the tooth pattern indicates a change

in shim thickness, follow the proce-

dure under Pinion Location.

REMOVABLE CARRIER

TYPE AXLE

The shim location for the removable

carrier type axle is between the pinion

retainer and the carrier (Fig. 13).

When adjusting this type carrier re-

ducing shim thickness will move the

pinion toward the ring gear; increas-

ing shim thickness will move the pi-

nion away from the ring gear (Fig.

13).

FIG. 11—Checking Companion Flange Lateral Runout—

Thunderbird and Continental Mark III
INTEGRAL CARRIER

TYPE AXLE

8. If the runout is still excessive, re-

place the companion flange and check

the runout. If necessary, rotate the

new flange on the pinion shaft until an

acceptable runout is obtained.

If excessive runout is still evident

after replacement of the companion

flange, it will be necessary to replace

the ring and pinion gear, and repeat

the above checks until runout is within

specifications.

9. Install the driveshaft assembly

(Group 5).

PINION LOCATION

ADJUSTMENT

BACKLASH

ADJUSTMENT,

LEFT

ADJUSTING

NUT

E1476-A

FIG. 12—Pinion and Ring Gear

Tooth Contact Adjustment
—

Integral Carrier Type Axles
PINION AND RING GEAR

TOOTH CONTACT

ADJUSTMENT

Two separate adjustments affect pin-

ion and ring gear tooth contact.

They are pinion location and backlash

(Figs.
12 and 13).

Individual differences in matching

the differential housing and the gear

set require the use of shims to locate

the pinion for correct contact with the

ring gear.

When adjusting either type axle,

shim thickness should be increased or

reduced only as indicated by the tooth

pattern check described in the fore-

going Section 1.

If the tooth pattern check indicates

a change in backlash only, follow the

PINION

LOCATION

ADJUSTMENT

SHIMS

LEFT

ADJUSTING

NUT
RIGHT

ADJUSTING

BACKLASH NUT

ADJUSTMENT El 409-A

FIG. 13—Pinion and Ring Gear

Tooth Contact Adjustment—

Removable Carrier Axles
The shim location for the integral

carrier type axle, is between the pi-

nion gear and the pinion rear bearing

cone (Fig. 12). When adjusting this

type axle, increasing shim thickness

moves the pinion toward the ring

gear; reducing shim thickness moves

the pinion away from the ring gear

(Fig. 12).

BACKLASH AND DIFFERENTIAL

BEARING PRELOAD

ADJUSTMENTS (ALL AXLES)

On a Light-Duty (WER) Axle, it is

necessary to remove the rear axle

shafts prior to performing the adjust-

ment procedures. Refer to Rear Axle

Shaft Wheel Bearing and Oil Seal Re-

placement—Light-Duty (WER), Axle,

Part 4-4, Section 2.

To secure a more uniform control

of differential side bearing preload in

service repairs, a dial indicator set-up

such as shown in Fig. 12 is used.

In both types of axle (Fig. 11 and

12),
the ring gear is moved away from

or toward the pinion as described in

the following procedure.

1.
Remove the adjusting nut locks,

loosen the differential bearing cap

bolts,
then torque the bolts to 15 ft-lbs

on integral carrier type axle; 20 ft-lbs

on removable carrier type axles before

making adjustments.

2.
The left adjusting nut is on the

ring gear side of the carrier. The right

nut is on the pinion side. Loosen the

right nut until it is away from the cup.

Tighten the left nut until the ring gear

is just forced into the pinion with

0.000 backlash then rotate the pinion

several revolutions to be sure no bind-

ing is evident. (Recheck the right nutprocarmanuals.com

04-02-03
Rear Axle — Removable Carrier Type

04-02-03

is,
it is supported by bearings both in

front of and to the rear of the pinion

gear. Two opposed tapered roller

bearings support the pinion shaft in

front of the pinion gear with a col-

lapsible spacer for 8-3/4 inch or 9

inch ring gear, and a solid spacer used

with the 9 3/8 inch ring gear. A

straight roller (pilot) bearing supports

the pinion shaft at the rear of the pi-

nion gear. Pinion and ring gear tooth

contact is adjusted by adding or re-

moving shims from between the pinion

retainer and the carrier housing.

The differential assembly is mount-

ed on two opposed tapered roller

bearings, which are retained in the

carrier by removable caps. The entire

carrier assembly is bolted to the axle

housing.

Ball bearing assemblies (rear wheel

bearings) are pressed onto the outer

ends of the axle shafts and set in the

outer ends of the axle housing. These

bearings support the semi-floating

axle shafts at the outer ends. The

inner ends of the shafts spline to the

differential side gears. Bearing retain-

er plates hold the shafts in the hous-

ing. The left and right axle shafts are

not interchangeable, the left shaft

being shorter than the right.
CASE

COVER

BELLEVILLE

SPRING

CLUTC

HUB
STEEL

PLATES

BONDED

PLATES

E1741-A

FIG. 2—Limited-Slip Differential

LIMITED-SUP DIFFERENTIAL

The axle assembly, except for the

differential case and its internal com-

ponents, is identical to the convention-

al axle.

A constant-friction locking differen-

tial,
which employs clutch plates to

control differential action, is available

as optional equipment (Fig. 2).

Four steel clutch plates are locked

into the differential cover. Three

bronze, bonded clutch plates are

splined to a clutch hub which, in turn,
is splined to the left axle shaft. A

Belleville spring washer maintains a

constant pressure between the steel

and bonded clutch plates so that the

clutch is always engaged.

TRACTION-LOK

DIFFERENTIAL

The Traction-Lok (torque sensitive)

locking differential (Fig. 3) employs a

multiple disc clutch to control differ-

ential action. Shim(s), which control

side gear mounting distance, four

steel, four friction and one composite

plate (steel on one side and friction

material on the other) stacked on a

clutch hub, and four ear guides are

housed in the differential cover. Lo-

cated in the differential case between

the side gears is a one-piece pre-load

plate and block (four-pinion) and four

calibrated pre-load springs, which

apply an initial force to the clutch

pack. Additional clutch capacity is

derived from the side gear thrust

loads.
The four friction plates are

splined to the clutch hub which in turn

is splined to the left axle shaft, and

the eared steel plates are dogged to

the case; thus, the clutch is always en-

gaged.

PINION SHAFT

4211

PINION SHAFT

RETAINING PINS

359475-S
DIFFERENTIAL

CASE-4204

CASE-TO-COVER

RETAINING SCREWS

50025-S2

SIDE GEAR

THRUST WASHER

4228

CENTER BLOCK

(SHORT PINION PINION

SHAFT SEAT) SHAFT

4420 44207
7
PINION GEAR

THRUST WASHER

4230

PINION GEARS

4215

PINION GEAR

THRUST WASHER

4230

PINION SHAFT

44207
SHIM(S)

(AS REQ'D.)

4A324

DIFFERENTIAL

CASE COVER

4204

PINION GEAR

THRUST WASHER

4230
PRE-LOAD SPRING

PINION GEAR PLATE-4A326

THRUST WASHER

4230

CLUTCH PLATE

EAR GUIDES
(4)

4A323

E 1896-A

FIG. 3—Traction-Lok Differentialprocarmanuals.com

05-02-03
General Clutch Service
05-02-03

in the direction of the face runout

arrow and its center line is parallel to

the center line of the face runout

arrow.

18.
Determine the amount of the

face runout on the B arrow scale.

19.
The value of the circular line

beneath the amount of face runout

will be the desired reading. If the

reading is in excess of 0.014 inch the

housing alignment is unacceptable.

20.
Remove the Dia-L-lgner gauge

from the flywheel housing.

21.
Install the spark plugs and con-

nect the wires.

ENGINE IN VEHICLE

Since any change in face alignment

will change bore alignment, it may be

possible to correct bore alignment by

changing face alignment. Face align-

ment can be changed by shimming be-

tween the flywheel housing and en-

gine.
Fig. 4 shows the type of shim

which can be fabricated.

Not more than 0.010 inch thickness

shims may be used between the fly-

wheel housing and engine. If a 0.010-

inch shim will not bring face and bore

alignment within limits, replace the

flywheel housing.

The shim required is one half the

maximum (—) indicator reading, and

should be located at the point of max-

imum minus (—) indicator reading.

If both the bore and face alignment

are out of limits, shim between the

flywheel housing and engine to bring

face alignment within limits. Check

the bore alignment.

If the bore alignment is out of lim-

its and the face alignment is within

limits,
shim the flywheel housing to

the limit of face misalignment and

check the bore alignment. If it is not

within limits, replace the housing.

ENGINE OUT OF VEHICLE

The same procedure to correct

alignment may be used with the en-

gine out of the vehicle or in the vehi-

cle,
up to the point of replacing the

flywheel housing. If the bore align-

ment cannot be brought within limits

by shimming, follow this procedure:

dure:

1.
Remove the flywheel housing

from the engine and remove the dowel

pins.
Install the flywheel housing and

tighten the attaching bolts.

2.
Install the dial indicator (Fig. 1).

Check the face alignment, and shim as
C2068-A

. 3—Dia-L-lgner Gauge Installed

required to bring face alignment with-

in limits.

3.
Position the indicator to check

the bore alignment. If the bore align-

ment is not within limits, reduce the

tension on the flywheel housing at-

taching bolts so that the housing can

be moved by striking it with a lead

hammer or a block of wood and a

steel hammer.

4.
The lateral alignment should be

brought within limits so that an indi-

cator reading is within limits between

the 9 o'clock and the 3 o'clock posi-

tions on the bore circle. When the lat-

eral alignment is within limits the

housing usually can be moved straight

up or down without disturbing the lat-

eral alignment. When alignment is

within limits, torque the housing bolts

and recheck bore alignment.

5.
If the flywheel housing cannot be

moved enough to bring the alignment

within limits, mark the holes restrict-

ing movement, and then remove the

housing and drill the marked bolt

holes 1/32 inch larger.

6. When the flywheel housing bore

alignment is within limits and the at-

taching bolts are at normal torque,
C 178 4-A

FIG. 4— Fabricated Flywheel

Housing Shim

hand ream the dowel pin holes 1/32

inch larger. Use a straight reamer and

ream from the flywheel housing side.

Oversize dowel pins can be made from

drill rod stock.

7.
Remove the flywheel housing

and then install the oversize dowel

pins in the cylinder block. Complete

the assembly in the usual way.

8. Recheck the flywheel housing

with the Dia-L-lgner gauge to make

sure that the housing is within the spe-

cified limits.procarmanuals.com