steering ISUZU KB P190 2007 Workshop Repair Manual

1

WORKSHOP
REPAIR MANUAL
GE NERAL INFORMATION 0
HEATING AND VENTILATION
BRAKESMAIN INDEX ISUZU

CONTENTS
WHEELS AND TYRES
4
5
BODY 8
SECURITY 11 SUSPENSION

3
STEERING
2
AXLE
FRAME AND CAB
ENGINE
6
TRANSMISSION 7
MY 2007
RESTRAINTS 9
CAB 10
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KB P190

ISUZU KB P190 2007

MAINTENANCE AND LUBRICATION 0B-3


I : Inspect and correct or replace as necessary A : Adjust
R : Replace or change T : Tighten to specified torque L : Lubricate

SERVICE INTERVAL: × 1,000 km 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100(Use odometer reading × 1,000 miles 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60or months whichever
comes first)
or months 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102 108 114 120
CLUTCH
Clutch fluid I I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I Clutch pedal travel and free play I I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I TRANSMISSION OR TRANSMISSION
W ITH TRANSFER CASE

* Automatic transmission fluid (HFV6)
- - I - - I - - I - - I - - I - - I - R (4JH1-TC, 4JJ1 (Standard Output),
4JJ1 (High Output)) - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I
* Transfer case oil
- - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I * Manual transmission fluid - R - I - - - R - - - I - - - R - - - I Oil leakage I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Gear control mechanism for
looseness - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I

PROPELLER SHAFT Loose connections - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I * Universal joints and splines for wear
- I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I Universal joints and sliding sleeve
(4W D) - L - L - L - L - L - L - L - L - L - L

FRONT AND REAR AXLE * Differential gear oil (Front and rear) - R - I - - - R - - - I - - - R - - - I Oil leakage I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Shift on the fly system gear oil I - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I Front axle shaft boot for damage - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I Axle shafts for distortion or damage - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I Axle case for distortion or damage - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I STEERING Power steering fluid I I I I I I I R I I I I I I I R I I I I Oil leakage I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I * Steering system for looseness or
damage - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I
Power steering hose
- I - I - I - I - I - I - I - R - I - I Steering wheel play I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Steering function I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Right and left turning radius - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I W heel alignment - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I Joint ball for oil leakage or damage - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I Joint ball rubber boot for damage - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I SERVICE BRAKES Brake fluid - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I Brake system for fluid leakage I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Brake function I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I * Rear brake lining and drum wear - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I * Front disc brake pads and discs wear - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I Brake pedal travel and free play I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Pipes and hoses loose connections
or damage I I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I


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ISUZU KB P190 2007

0B-6 MAINTENANCE AND LUBRICATION


I : Inspect and correct or replace as necessary A : Adjust
R : Replace or change T : Tighten to specified torque L : Lubricate
SERVICE INTERVAL: × 1,000 km 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
(Use odometer reading or × 1,000 miles 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60
months whichever comes
first)
or months 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102 108 114 120
STEERING Power steering fluid I I I I I I I R I I I I I I I R I I I I Oil leakage I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I * Steering system for looseness or
damage - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I
Power steering hose
- I - I - I - I - I - I - I - R - I - I Steering wheel play I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Steering function I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Right and left turning radius - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I W heel alignment - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I Joint ball for oil leakage or damage
- I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I
Joint ball rubber boot for damage - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I

SERVICE BRAKES Brake fluid - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I Brake system for fluid leakage I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Brake function I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I * Front disc brake pads and discs wear - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I * Rear brake lining and drum wear - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I Brake pedal travel and play I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Pipes and hoses for loose
connections or damage I I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I

PARKING BRAKE Parking brake function I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Parking brake lever travel I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Cables for looseness or damage and
guide for damage I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
Ratchet for wear or damage
- I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I SUSPENSION Leaf/Coil/Torsion bar springs for
damage I I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I
Mount for looseness or damage
I I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I Shock absorbers for oil leakage - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I Shock absorbers mount for
looseness - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I
Rubber bushes of suspension wear
or damage - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I
Spring action for loss of balance due
to weakening - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I
Joint ball rubber boot for damage
- I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I WHEELS W heel nuts T T - T - T - T - T - T - T - T - T - T W heel disc for damage I I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I Front hub bearing grease
- - - - - R - - - - - R - - - - - R - - Front and rear hub bearings for
looseness - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I
Tire pressure and damage I I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I Tire rotation
Rotate as required OTHERS Bolts and nuts on chassis and body I I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I Lube front free - wheeling hubs - - - - - L - - - - - L - - - - - L - -


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ISUZU KB P190 2007

MAINTENANCE AND LUBRICATION 0B-7

Diesel Engine model (Engine oil that meet or exceeds ACEA B3 specification)
I : Inspect and correct or replace as necessary A : Adjust
R : Replace or change T : Tighten to specified torque L : Lubricate

SERVICE INTERVAL: × 1,000 km 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
(Use odometer reading or × 1,000 miles 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60
months whichever comes
first)
or months 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102 108 114 120
DIESEL ENGINE * Engine oil - - - R - - - R - - - R - - - R - - - R*
Engine oil filter
- - - R - - - R - - - R - - - R - - - R
Oil leakage and contamination I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Idling speed and acceleration I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Fan belt tension and damage I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Exhaust system I I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I All hoses and pipes in engine
compartment for clog of damage - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I
Valve clearance
- - - A - - - A - - - A - - - A - - - A * Air cleaner element I I I I I I I R I I I I I I I R I I I I ** Fuel filter Replace the fuel filter when the fuel filter indicator light is lit. Engine coolant concentration - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I Cooling system for water leakage - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I CLUTCH Clutch fluid I I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I Clutch pedal travel and play I I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I TRANSMISSION OR TRANSMISSION
W ITH TRANSFER CASE

* Manual transmission with fluid - - - R - - - I - - - R - - - I - - - I * Transfer case oil (MT) - - - R - - - I - - - R - - - I - - - I Oil leakage - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I Gear control mechanism for
looseness - - - - - - - - - - - I - - - - - - - -
* Automatic transmission fluid - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I * Transfer case oil (AT)
- - - R - - - I - - - R - - - I - - - R PROPELLER SHAFT Loose connections - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I * Universal joints and splines for wear - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I Universal joints and sliding sleeve
(4W D) - L - L - L - L - L - L - L - L - L - L
FRONT AND REAR AXLE
* Differential gear oil (Front and rear) - R - I - - - R - - - I - - - R - - - I Oil leakage I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Shift on the fly system gear oil I - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I Front axle shaft boot for damage - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I Axle case for distortion or damage - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I Axle shafts for distortion or damage - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I STEERING Power steering fluid I I I I I I I R I I I I I I I R I I I I Oil leakage I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I * Steering system for looseness or
damage - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I
Power steering hose
- I - I - I - I - I - I - I - R - I - I Steering wheel play I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Steering function I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Right and left turning radius - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I W heel alignment - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I Joint ball for oil leakage or damage - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I Joint ball rubber boot for damage - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I


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ISUZU KB P190 2007

MAINTENANCE AND LUBRICATION 0B-9
SEVERE CONDITIONS MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE (For GENERAL EXPORT)

Severe driving conditions
A : Repeated short trips
C24SE : C24SE Gasoline engine
B : Driving on rough roads
HFV6 : HFV6 Gasoline engine
C : Driving on dusty roads
G : Gasoline engine
D : Driving in extremely cold weather and/or on salted roads
4JA1-T : 4JA1-T Diesel engine
E : Towing trailer or climbing mountain frequently
4JH1-TC : 4JH1-TC Diesel engine
F : Operation in high ambient temperature conditions
4JJ1 (Standard Output):
4JJ1 Standard Output Diesel engine

4JJ1 (High Output): 4JJ1 High Output Diesel engine

D : Diesel engine

MT : Manual transmission

AT : Automatic transmission

4W D : Four wheel drive


Condition
A B C D E F A+D
Engine oil G : Change every 5,000 km (3,000 miles) or 3 month
4JA1-T : Change every 2,500 km (1,500 miles) 4JH1-TC 4JJ1 (Standard Output) 4JJ1 (High Output):

Change every 5,000 km (3,000 miles)




Engine oil filter G : Replace every 5,000 km (3,000 miles) or 3 monthD : Replace every 5,000 km (3,000 miles)



Exhaust pipes and mounting Inspect every 5,000 km (3,000 miles)





Air cleaner element
Replace every 20,000 km (12,000 miles) D : Inspect every 2,500 km (1,500 miles)


Steering system for looseness
or damage Inspect every 5,000 km (3,000 miles)


Universal joints and sleeves Inspect for wear and lubricate every 5,000 km (3,000 miles)




Transmission or transmission
with transfer case oil MTC24SE D Change every 20,000 km (12,000 miles)
after changing at initial 10,000 km (6,000 miles)
MT HFV6 Change every 40,000 km (24,000 miles)

AT Transmission:
Change every 20,000 km (12,000 miles)








4W D Transfer:
Change every 20,000 km (12,000 miles)


Differential oil
Change every 20,000 km (12,000 miles)
after changing at initial 10,000 km (6,000 miles)


Front brake pads and di
scs
wear Inspect every 5,000 km (3,000 miles)




Rear brake lining and drum
wear Inspect every 5,000 km (3,000 miles)





Interval
Item

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ISUZU KB P190 2007

0B-10 MAINTENANCE AND LUBRICATION
SEVERE CONDITIONS MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE (For EUROPE)

Severe driving conditions
MT : Manual transmission
A: Repeated short trips
AT : Automatic transmission
B: Driving on rough roads
4W D : Four wheel drive
C: Driving on dusty roads
D: Driving in extremely cold weather and/or on salted roads
E: Towing trailer or climbing mountein frequently

Condition
Item Interval A B C D E A+D
Engine oil Change every 5,000 km (3,000 miles)





Engine oil filter Replace every 5,000 km (3,000 miles)





Exhaust pipes and mounting Inspect every 10,000 km (6,000 miles)





Air cleaner element
Replace every 20,000 km (12,000 miles)



Steering system for looseness or
damage Inspect every 5,000 km (3,000 miles)


Universal joints and sleeves Inspect for wear and lubricate every 10,000 km (6,000 miles)




Transmission or transmission
with transfer case oil MT Change every 30,000 km (18,000 miles)
after changing at initial 10,000 km (6,000 miles)


AT
Transmission:
Inspection every 20,000 km (12,000 miles)







4W D Transfer:
Change every 30,000 km (18,000 miles)
After changing at initial 10,000 km (6,000 miles)


Differential oil
Change every 20,000 km (12,000 miles)
after changing at initial 10,000 km (6,000 miles)


Front brake pads and di
scs wear Inspect every 5, 000 km (3,000 miles)




Rear brake lining and drum wear Inspect every 5,000 km (3,000 miles)







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ISUZU KB P190 2007

MAINTENANCE AND LUBRICATION 0B-11
Recommended Fluids and Lubricants (For GENERAL EXPORT)
In order to obtain maximum performance and longest service life from your ISUZU vehicles, it is very important to
select and use correctly the best lubricants and diesel fuels.
W hen lubricating, be sure to use ISUZU genuine lubricants or recommended lubricants listed below, according to
the maintenance schedule for each vehicle model.
The lubrication intervals in the maintenance schedule and coverage and period of new vehicle warranty are based
on the use of ISUZU genuine lubricants or recommended lubricants listed in the chart, which will serve as a guide
for selecting lubricants of the correct brand name.

GRADE
LUBRICATION MAKE BRAND/TYPE API ACEA JASO
Gasoline engine
crankcase C24SE
ISUZU GENUINE
ISUZU GENUINE
CALTEX
SHELL
ELF
TOTAL
CASTROL
BP BESCO RACING ACE TYPE SJ (5W-30)
BESCO MULTI ACE (7.5W-30)
HAVOLINE FORMULA (15W-40, 10W-30, 20W-50) HELIX PLUS (15W-50)
SUPER SPORTI S (15W-40)
QUARTZ 5000 (15W-40, 20W-50)
GTX-7 (15W-40)
VISCO 3000 (15W-40) SJ
SG SL
SJ/CF SG
SJ/CF
SG/SH
SG/SH


A3/B3
A2/B2


Gasoline engine
crankcase HFV6

CALTEX 10W-30

HAVOLINE FORMULA (10W-30) SL
SL
Diesel engine crankcase
ISUZU GENUINE
ISUZU GENUINE
ISUZU GENUINE
CALTEX/CHEVRON
CALTEX/CHEVRON
SHELL
SHELL
ELF
TOTAL
CASTROL
CASTROL
BP BESCO MULTI-Z TYPE CF-4 (10W-30)
BESCO MULTI-Z SUV (5W-30)
BESCO S-3 (10W, 20W, 30, 40)
DELO CXJ (15W-40, 20W-50, 40)
DELO 400 MULTIGRADE (15W-40)
RIMULA X (15W-40)
RIMULA D (15W-40, 30, 40)
PERFO 3F (15W-40)
RUBIA XT (15W-40)
RX SUPER PLUS (15W-40)
TECTION J PLUS (15W-40)
BP VANELLUS C6 (15W-40) CF-4
CD
CD
CD/CF
CD/CE/CF/CI-4 CH-4
CD/CF
CF-4/CE CF-4
CH-4
CH-4
CH-4



E3/E5 E3
B2/E2 E2
E3
E3/B3 E3


DH-1
DH-1
DH-1



DH-1
Manual transmission
C24SE D
Transfer case
ISUZU GENUINE
CALTEX/CHEVRON
SHELL
ELF
TOTAL
CASTROL
BP

BESCO GEAR OIL TRANSAXLE (5W-30)
DELO 400 MULTIGRADE (15W-40)
HELIX PLUS (15W-50)
SUPER SPORTI (15W-40)
QUARTZ 5000 (15W-40, 20W-50)
RX SUPER PLUS (15W-40)
BP VANELLUS C6 (15W-40)

SG CD/CE/CF/CI-4 SJ/CF
SG/CD SJ/CF
CD/CE/CF
CD/CE/CF


E3/E5
A3/B3
A2/B2

DH-1




Manual transmission
HFV6
MOBIL 75W-90
MOBIL XHP (75W-90) GL-3



Differential
Shift on the fly system
(GL-5 only) ISUZU GENUINE
ISUZU GENUINE
CALTEX
SHELL
ELF
TOTAL
CASTROL
CASTROL
BP
BP BESCO GEAR OIL SH (80W-90, 90, 140)
BESCO SHIFT ON THE FLY (75W-90)
THURBAN GL-5 EP (80W-90, 85W-140)
SPIRAX A (140)
TRANSELF TYPE B (80W-90, 85W-140)
TRANSMISSION TM (80W-90, 85W-140)
EPX90 (90)
DYNA DRIVE (80W-90)
ENERGEAR HYPO (90)
ENERGEAR EP (80W-90) GL-5
GL-5 GL-5
GL-5
GL-5
GL-5
GL-5
GL-5
GL-5
GL-5


Differential
(Limited Slip Differential) ISUZU GENUINE
CALTEX
SELL
ELF
TOTAL
CASTROL
BP BESCO GEAR OIL LSD (140)
GEAR OIL LSD (90)
SPIRAX A LS 90 (90)
TRANSELF TYPE BLS (90)
TRANSMISSION DA (85W-90)
HYPOY LSX (90)
ENERGEAR LS-M (90) GL-5
GL-5
GL-5
GL-5
GL-5
GL-5
GL-5
Automatic transmission
4JH1-TC 4JJ1 (Standard Output)
Power steering
ISUZU GENUINE
CALTEX/TEXACO
SHELL
ELF
TOTAL
CASTROL
BP BESCO ATF III
TEXAMATIC 1888 (DEXRON  III)
SHELL DONAX TG (DEXRON  III)
ELFMATIC G3 (DEXRON  III)
TOTAL FLUID AT42 (DEXRON  III)
TQ DEXRON III (DEXRON  III)
AUTORAN DX3 (DEXRON  III)






Automatic transmission
4JJ1 (High Output)
EXXON MOBIL
MOBIL ATF 3309

Automatic transmission
HFV6
DEXRON III

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ISUZU KB P190 2007

MAINTENANCE AND LUBRICATION 0B-13
RECOMMENDED FLUIDS AND LUBRICANTS (For EUROPE)


In order to obtain maximum performance and longest service life from your ISUZU vehicles, it is very important to
select and use correctly the best lubricants and diesel fuels.
W hen lubricating, be sure to use ISUZU genuine lubricants or recommended lubricants listed below, according to
the maintenance schedule for each vehicle model.

LUBRICATION/FLUID GRADE
API ACEA OTHER
Diesel engine crankcase B2/B3
E2/E3
Manual transmission
Transfer case B2/B3
E2/E3
Differential
Shift on the fly system
(GL-5 only)
GL-5

BESCO GEAR OIL SH (80W-90, 90, 140) (ISUZU GENUINE)
BESCO SHIFT ON THE FLY (75W-90) (ISUZU GENUINE)
THURBAN GL-5 EP (80W-90, 85W-140) (CALTEX)
SPIRAX A (140) (SHELL)
TRANSELF TYPE B (80W-90, 85W-140) (ELF)
TRANSMISSION TM (80W-90, 85W-140) (TOTAL)
EPX90 (90)(CASTROL)
DYNA DRIVE (80W-90) (CASTROL)
ENERGEAR HYPO (90) (BP)
ENERGEAR EP (80W-90) (BP)
Differential
(Limited Slip Differential)
(GL-5 only) GL-5

BESCO GEAR OIL LSD (140) (ISUZU GENUINE)
GEAR OIL LSD (90) (CALTEX)
SPIRAX A LS 90 (90) (SHELL)
TRANSELF TYPE BLS (90) (ELF)
TRANSMISSION DA (85W-90) (TOTAL)
HYPOY LSX (90) (CASTROL)
ENERGEAR LS-M (90) (BP)
Automatic transmission MOBIL ATF 3309
Power steering

DEXRON III
Propeller shaft sliding yoke
Universal joint
(General purpose grease in
Molybdenum) NLGI #2 or #3
multi purpose type grease
containing molybdenum disulfide
Engine cooling system Good quality ethylene glycol antifreeze or GM spec.
6033-M or equivalent

NOTE:
* If GL-5 Limited Slip Differential Lubricant is not available, use GL-5 Lubricant mixed with 1 bottle (118ml) of Limited
Slip Differential Lubricant additive (Parts No. 8-01052-358-0) or equivalent.



FLUID TYPE

Clutch and brake fluid reservoir Besco brake fluid (For light duty)
Hydraulic brake fluid SAE J1703
FMVSS 116 DOT.3 grade


DIESEL FUEL/APPLICABLE STANDARD
JIS (JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARD)
DIN (DEUTSCHE INDUSTRIE NORMEN)
SAE (SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS)
BS (BRITISH STANDARD) Based on K2204 GAS OIL
Based on EN590: 1997L
Based on SAE J-313C
Based on BS EN590: 1997

NOTE:
Use the applicable standard or equivalent for diesel fuels.



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ISUZU KB P190 2007

STEERING SUSPENSION WHEELS AND TIRES 3-1
SECTI ON 3
STEERING SUSPENSION
TA BLE OF CONTENTS
Section 3A Front A lignment ................................................... ...................................... 249
PA
GE
Section 3B Power Assited Steering System ............................................................... 262
Section 3C Front Suspension ............................................................................... ...... 320

Section 3D Rear Suspension ................................................. ....................................... 3 85
Section 3E Wheels and Tires ................................................. ....................................... 405
WHEELS AND TIRES
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ISUZU KB P190 2007

3A-2 FRONT ALIGNMENT

Front End Alignment Inspection and
Adjustment
General Description
“Front End Alignment” refers to the angular relationship
between the front wheels, the front suspension attaching parts
and the ground.
Proper front end alignment must be maintained in order to
insure efficient steering, good directional stability and to
prevent abnormal tire wear.
The most important factors of front end alignment are wheel
toe-in, wheel camber and axle caster.





Camber:
This illustration shows a view from the front of the vehicle.
Camber is the vertical tilting inward or outward of the front
wheels. W hen the wheels tilt outward at the top, the camber is
positive (+). W hen the wheels tilt inward at the top, the camber
is negative (-). The amount of tilt measured in degrees from
the vertical is called the camber angle (1). If camber is extreme
or unequal between the wheels, improper steering and
excessive tire wear will result. Negative camber causes wear
on the inside of the tire, while positive camber causes wear to
the outside.



Caster:
This illustration shows a view from the side of the vehicle.
Caster (1) is the vertical tilting of the wheel axis either
forward or backward (when viewed from the side of the
vehicle). A backward tilt is positive (+) and a forward tilt is
negative (-). On the short and long arm type suspension
you cannot see a caster angle without a special instrument, but
if you look straight down from the top of the upper control arm
to the ground, the ball joints do not line up (fore and aft) when
a caster angle other than 0 degrees is present. W ith a positive
angle, the lower ball joint would be slightly ahead (toward the
front of the vehicle) of the upper ball joint center line.



Toe-in:
This illustration shows a view from the top of the vehicle.
Toe-in is the measured amount the front wheels are turned in.
The actual amount of toe-in is normally a fraction of a degree.
Toe-in is measured from the center of the tire treads or from
the inside of the tires. The purpose of toe-in is to insure parallel
rolling of the front wheels and to offset any small deflections of
the wheel support system which occurs when the vehicle is
rolling forward. Incorrect toe-in results in excessive toe-in and
unstable steering. Toe-in is the last alignment to be set in
the front end alignment procedure.

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ISUZU KB P190 2007