brake LINCOLN NAVIGATOR 2022 Owner's Guide

pedal when changes in vehicle speed are
required. Avoid abrupt steering, acceleration
and braking. This could result in an increased
risk of vehicle roll over, loss of vehicle control
and personal injury. Use all available road
surface to bring your vehicle to a safe
direction of travel.
In the event of an emergency stop, avoid
skidding the tires and do not attempt any
sharp steering wheel movements.
If your vehicle goes from one type of surface
to another (i.e. from concrete to gravel) there
can be a change in the way your vehicle
responds to a maneuver, i.e. steering,
acceleration or braking.
DRIVING IN SAND
When driving over sand, try to keep all four
wheels on the most solid area of the trail.
Avoid reducing the tire pressures but shift
to a lower gear and drive steadily through
the terrain. Apply the accelerator slowly and
avoid excessive wheel slip.
When driving at slow speeds in deep sand
under high outside temperatures, use a low
gear when possible. Low gear operation can
maximize the engine and transmission
cooling capability.
Avoid driving at excessive speed. This
causes vehicle momentum to work against
you and your vehicle could become stuck to
the point that assistance may be required
from another vehicle. Remember, you may
be able to back out the way you came if you
proceed with caution.
DRIVING THROUGH MUD AND WATER
WARNING: Do not spin the wheels
at over 34 mph (55 km/h). The tires may
fail and injure a passenger or bystander. Mud
Be cautious of sudden changes in vehicle
speed or direction when you are driving in
mud. Even four-wheel drive vehicles can lose
traction in slick mud. If your vehicle does
slide, steer in the direction of the slide until
you regain control of your vehicle. After
driving through mud, clean off residue stuck
to rotating driveshafts and tires. Excess mud
stuck on tires and rotating driveshafts can
cause an imbalance that could damage drive
components.
Water
If you must drive through high water, drive
slowly. Traction or brake capability may be
limited. When driving through water,
determine the depth and avoid water higher
than the bottom of the hubs. If the ignition
system gets wet, your vehicle may stall. Once
through water, test the brakes. Wet brakes
do not stop your vehicle as effectively as dry
brakes. Drying improves by applying light
pressure to the brake pedal while moving
slowly.
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Note:
Driving through deep water may
damage the transmission. If the front or rear
axle is submerged in water, the axle
lubricant and power transfer unit lubricant
should be checked and changed if
necessary.
DRIVING ON HILLY OR SLOPING
TERRAIN
Although natural obstacles may make it
necessary to travel diagonally up or down a
hill or steep incline, you should try to drive
straight up or straight down.
Note: Avoid turning on steep slopes or hills.
A danger lies in losing traction, slipping
sideways and possible vehicle roll over.
Whenever driving on a hill, determine
beforehand the route you can use. Do not
drive over the crest of a hill without seeing
what conditions are on the other side. Do
not drive in reverse over a hill without the
aid of an observer. When climbing a steep slope or hill, start in
a lower gear rather than downshifting to a
lower gear from a higher gear once the
ascent has started. This reduces strain on
the engine and the possibility of stalling.
If your vehicle stalls, do not try to turnaround
because this could cause vehicle roll over.
It is better to reverse back to a safe location.
Apply just enough power to the wheels to
climb the hill. Too much power can cause
the tires to slip, spin or lose traction, resulting
in loss of vehicle control.
Descend a hill in the same gear you would
use to climb up the hill to avoid excessive
brake application and brake overheating. Do
not descend in neutral. Disengage overdrive
or move the transmission selector lever to a
lower gear. When descending a steep hill,
avoid sudden hard braking as you could lose
control. The front wheels have to be turning
in order to steer your vehicle.
Note:
If your vehicle has anti-lock brakes,
apply the brakes steadily. Do not pump the
brakes. DRIVING ON SNOW AND ICE
Four-wheel drive vehicles have advantages
over two-wheel drive vehicles in snow and
ice but can skid like any other vehicle.
Should you start to slide while driving on
snowy or icy roads, turn the steering wheel
in the direction of the slide until you regain
control.
Avoid sudden applications of power and
quick changes of direction on snow and ice.
Apply the accelerator slowly and steadily
when starting from a full stop. Avoid sudden
braking. Although a four-wheel drive vehicle
can accelerate better than a two-wheel drive
vehicle in snow and ice, it cannot stop any
faster as braking occurs at all four wheels.
Do not become overconfident as to road
conditions.
Make sure you allow sufficient distance
between you and other vehicles for stopping.
Drive slower than usual and consider using
one of the lower gears. In emergency
stopping situations, apply the brake steadily.
Do not pump the brake pedal. See Anti-Lock
Braking System Limitations (page 233).
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BRAKE PRECAUTIONS
WARNING: Driving your vehicle with
the warning lamp on is dangerous. A
significant decrease in braking
performance may occur. It may take you
longer to stop your vehicle. Have your
vehicle checked as soon as possible.
Driving extended distances with the
parking brake engaged can cause brake
failure and the risk of personal injury.
Wet brakes result in reduced braking
efficiency. Gently press the brake pedal a
few times when leaving a car wash or driving
from standing water to dry the brakes.
Note: Depending on applicable laws and
regulations in the country for which your
vehicle was originally built, the stoplamps
could flash during heavy braking. Following
this the hazard warning flashers could also
turn on when your vehicle comes to a stop. ANTI-LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM
ANTI-LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM
LIMITATIONS
The anti-lock braking system does not
eliminate the risk of crash when:
•
You drive too closely to the vehicle in
front of you.
• Your vehicle is hydroplaning.
• You take corners too fast.
• The road surface is poor.
Note: If the system activates, the brake
pedal could pulse and travel further.
Maintain pressure on the brake pedal.
BRAKE OVER ACCELERATOR
In the event the accelerator pedal becomes
stuck or entrapped, apply steady and firm
pressure to the brake pedal to slow the
vehicle and reduce engine power. If you
experience this condition, apply the brakes
and bring your vehicle to a safe stop. Move the transmission to park (P), switch the
engine off and apply the parking brake.
Inspect the accelerator pedal for any
interference. If none are found and the
condition persists, have your vehicle towed
to the nearest authorized dealer.
LOCATING THE BRAKE FLUID
RESERVOIR
See
Under Hood Overview (page 415).
CHECKING THE BRAKE FLUID WARNING: Do not use any fluid other
than the recommended brake fluid as this
will reduce brake efficiency. Use of
incorrect fluid could result in the loss of
vehicle control, serious personal injury or
death.
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WARNING: Only use brake fluid from
a sealed container. Contamination with dirt,
water, petroleum products or other
materials may result in brake system
damage or failure. Failure to adhere to this
warning could result in the loss of vehicle
control, serious personal injury or death. WARNING:
Do not allow the fluid to
touch your skin or eyes. If this happens,
rinse the affected areas immediately with
plenty of water and contact your physician. WARNING:
The brake system could
be affected if the brake fluid level is below
the
MIN mark or above the MAX mark on
the brake fluid reservoir. 1. Park your vehicle on a level surface.
2. Look at the brake fluid reservoir to see
where the brake fluid level is relative to
the
MIN and the MAX marks on the
reservoir.
Note: To avoid fluid contamination, the
reservoir cap must remain in place and fully
tight, unless you are adding fluid. Only use fluid that meets our specifications.
See
Capacities and Specifications (page
469).
BRAKE FLUID SPECIFICATION
See
Brake Fluid Specification (page 476).
BRAKES – TROUBLESHOOTING
BRAKES – WARNING LAMPS If the ABS indicator illuminates
when you are driving, this indicates
a malfunction. Your vehicle
continues to have normal braking without
the anti-lock braking system function. See
an authorized dealer.
It also momentarily illuminates when you
switch the ignition on to confirm the lamp is
functional. If it does not illuminate when you
switch the ignition on, or begins to flash at
any time, have the system checked by an
authorized dealer.
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The brake indicator momentarily
illuminates when you switch the
ignition on to confirm the lamp is
functional. It may also illuminate when you
apply the parking brake and the ignition is
on. If it illuminates when your vehicle is
moving, make sure the parking brake is
disengaged. If the parking brake is
disengaged, this indicates low brake fluid
level or a brake system fault. See an
authorized dealer.
BRAKES – FREQUENTLY ASKED
QUESTIONS
Is it normal for my brakes to make noise?
Occasional brake noise is normal. If a
metal-to-metal, continuous grinding, or
continuous squeal sound is present, the
brake lining could be worn-out. Have
the system checked by an authorized
dealer. There is an electrical motor sound when I
press on the brake pedal or activate the
park brake switch. Is this normal?
Yes, those sounds are the electronic
brake booster or the electronic park
brake operating.
Note: Brake dust could accumulate on the
wheels, even under normal driving
conditions. Some dust is normal as the
brakes wear and does not contribute to
brake noise. See Cleaning Wheels (page
431).
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WHAT IS THE ELECTRIC PARKING
BRAKE
The electric parking brake is used to hold
your vehicle on slopes and flat roads.
APPLYING THE ELECTRIC
PARKING BRAKE
WARNING: Always fully apply the
parking brake and make sure you shift into
park (P). Failure to follow this instruction
could result in personal injury or death. WARNING:
If you drive extended
distances with the parking brake applied,
you could cause damage to the brake
system. The switch is on the lower part of
the instrument panel.
1. Pull the switch up. The red warning lamp flashes during
operation and illuminates when the parking
brake is applied.
Note:
You can apply the electric parking
brake when the ignition is off.
Note: The electric parking brake could apply
when the transmission selector is in park (P).
See
Park (P) (page 219).
APPLYING THE ELECTRIC
PARKING BRAKE IN AN
EMERGENCY
You can use the electric parking brake to
slow or stop your vehicle in an emergency.
1. Pull the switch up and hold it.
The electric parking brake continues to slow
your vehicle down unless you release the
switch.
The red warning lamp illuminates, a tone
sounds and the stoplamps turn on when you
use the electric parking brake in an
emergency. Note:
Do not apply the electric parking brake
when your vehicle is moving, except in an
emergency. If you repeatedly use the electric
parking brake to slow or stop your vehicle,
you could cause damage to the brake
system.
MANUALLY RELEASING THE
ELECTRIC PARKING BRAKE
1. Switch the ignition on.
2. Press and hold the brake pedal.
3. Push the switch down.
The red warning lamp turns off.
Pulling Away on a Hill When Towing a
Trailer
1. Press and hold the brake pedal.
2. Pull the switch upward and hold it.
3. Shift into gear.
4. Press the accelerator pedal until engine has developed sufficient torque to
prevent your vehicle from rolling down
the hill.
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5. Release the switch and pull away in a
normal manner.
AUTOMATICALLY RELEASING THE
ELECTRIC PARKING BRAKE
1. Close the driver door.
2. Shift into gear.
3. Press the accelerator pedal and pull away
in a normal manner.
ELECTRIC PARKING BRAKE
AUDIBLE WARNING
Sounds when the parking brake is on and
your vehicle is moving. If the warning tone
continues after you have released the
parking brake, this indicates a malfunction.
Have your vehicle checked as soon as
possible. RELEASING THE ELECTRIC
PARKING BRAKE IF THE VEHICLE
BATTERY HAS RUN OUT OF
CHARGE WARNING: The electric parking
brake does not operate if the vehicle
battery has run out of charge.
Connect a booster battery to the vehicle
battery to release the electric parking brake
if the vehicle battery has run out of charge.
See
Jump Starting the Vehicle (page 392). ELECTRIC PARKING BRAKE –
TROUBLESHOOTING
ELECTRIC PARKING BRAKE –
WARNING LAMPS
Brake System It illuminates red when you apply
the parking brake and your vehicle
is on. If the lamp flashes when the
parking brake has been released,
this indicates the parking brake
system requires service. Have
your vehicle checked as soon as possible.
Note: Lamps may vary depending on region.
Electric Parking Brake When the lamp illuminates yellow,
it indicates a malfunction in the
electric parking brake. Have your
vehicle checked as soon as possible.
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ELECTRIC PARKING BRAKE – INFORMATION MESSAGES
Action
Message
The electric parking brake is set and a manual release is attempted without the brake pedal being pressed.
To Release: Press Brake and Switch
The electric parking brake is set and an automatic release is attempted but cannot beperformed. Perform a manual release.
Park Brake Use Switch to Release
The electric parking brake is set and your vehicle speed exceeds 3 mph (5 km/h).
Release the parking brake before continuing driving.
Release Park Brake
The electric parking brake is not fully applied.
Park Brake Not Applied
The electric parking brake is not fully released.
Park Brake Not Released
The electric parking brake system has been put into a special mode that is used toallow service of the rear brakes. Contact an authorized dealer.
Park Brake Maintenance Mode
The electric parking brake system has detected a condition that requires service. Somefunctionality may still be available. Contact an authorized dealer.
Park Brake Limited Function Service Required
The electric parking brake system has detected a condition that requires service.Contact an authorized dealer.
Park Brake Malfunction Service Now
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WHAT IS REVERSE BRAKING
ASSIST
The system uses sensors on the rear of your
vehicle to detect a possible collision and
applies the brakes to either reduce the
damage from impact, or to assist in avoiding
the collision.
HOW DOES REVERSE BRAKING
ASSIST WORK
Reverse Braking Assist functions when in
reverse (R) and traveling at a speed of
1–7 mph (1.5–12 km/h).
If the system detects an obstacle behind your
vehicle, it provides a warning through the
rear parking aid or cross traffic alert system. REVERSE BRAKING ASSIST
PRECAUTIONS WARNING:
You are responsible for
controlling your vehicle at all times. The
system is designed to be an aid and does
not relieve you of your responsibility to
drive with due care and attention. Failure
to follow this instruction could result in the
loss of control of your vehicle, personal
injury or death. WARNING:
To help avoid personal
injury, always use caution when in reverse
(R) and when using the sensing system. WARNING:
The system may not
operate properly during severe weather
conditions, for example snow, ice, heavy
rain and spray. Always drive with due care
and attention. Failure to take care may
result in a crash. WARNING:
Traffic control systems,
fluorescent lamps, inclement weather, air
brakes, external motors and fans may
affect the correct operation of the sensing
system. This may cause reduced
performance or false alerts. WARNING:
Some situations and
objects prevent hazard detection. For
example low or direct sunlight, inclement
weather, unconventional vehicle types, and
pedestrians. Apply the brakes when
necessary. Failure to follow this instruction
could result in the loss of control of your
vehicle, personal injury or death. WARNING:
Do not use the system
with accessories that extend beyond the
front or rear of your vehicle, for example a
trailer hitch or bike rack. The system is not
able to make corrections for the additional
length of the accessories.
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The system only applies the brakes for a
short period of time when an event occurs.
Act as soon as you notice the brakes apply
in order to remain in control of the vehicle.
If you do not intervene the vehicle may start
to move again.
Note:
Certain add-on devices around the
bumper or fascia may create false alerts. For
example, large trailer hitches, bicycle or
surfboard racks, license plate brackets,
bumper covers or any other device that may
block the normal detection zone of the
system. Remove the add-on device to
prevent false alerts.
Note: The system does not react to small or
moving objects, particularly those close to
the ground.
Note: The system does not operate during
hard acceleration or steering.
Note: If your vehicle sustains damage to the
bumper or fascia leaving it misaligned or
bent, it could alter the sensing zone causing
inaccurate measurement of obstacles or
false alerts. Note:
Vehicle loading and suspension
changes can impact the angle of the sensors
and may change the normal detection zone
of the system resulting in inaccurate
measurement of obstacles or false alerts.
Note: When you connect a trailer, the system
may detect the trailer and provide an alert,
or the system turns off. If the system does
not turn off, switch the system off manually
after you connect the trailer.
Note: You may experience reduced system
performance on road surfaces that limit
deceleration. For example, roads with ice,
loose gravel, mud or sand.
SWITCHING REVERSE BRAKING
ASSIST ON AND OFF
1. Press Features on the touchscreen.
2. Press
Driver Assistance.
3. Switch
Reverse Brake Assist on or off.
Note: The system is unavailable when the
rear parking aid, cross traffic alert or traction
control is off. Note:
If your vehicle is not equipped with
cross traffic alert the reverse braking assist
relies on input from the rear parking aid and
rear camera sensors.
Note: The default setting is on in some
regions.
OVERRIDING REVERSE BRAKING
ASSIST
There could be instances when unexpected
or unwanted braking occurs. Firmly pressing
the accelerator pedal or switching the feature
off overrides the system.
REVERSE BRAKING ASSIST
INDICATORS
If the system determines that a collision with
an obstacle may occur, full braking may
apply. Bring your vehicle to a stop a safe
distance away from the obstacle. A message and warning indicator
appear when the system applies
the brakes.
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