wheel NISSAN ALMERA 2001 Service Manual

CEL501
ReplacementNJEL0010For removal and installation of spiral cable, refer to RS-32,
RS-29, ª Installation Ð Air Bag Module and Spiral Cableº.
+Each switch can be replaced without removing combination
switch base.
CEL406
+To remove combination switch base, remove base attaching
screw.
SEL151V
+Before installing the steering wheel, align the steering wheel
guide pins with the screws which secure the combination
switch as shown in the left figure.
COMBINATION SWITCH
Replacement
EL-58

SEL504X
System DescriptionNJEL0516OUTLINENJEL0516S01The Navigation System (Multi-AV System) relies upon three sens-
ing devices in order to determine vehicle location at regular time
intervals.
1. Vehicle speed sensor: Determines the distance the vehicle has
traveled.
2. Gyro (Angular velocity sensor): Determines vehicle steering
angle and directional change.
3. GPS antenna (GPS data): Determines vehicle forward move-
ment and direction.
The data provided by the three sensing functions together with a
comparison of the mapping information read from the CD-ROM
drive permit accurate determination of the vehicle's current location
and subsequent course (map matching). The information appears
on a liquid crystal display.
This comparison of GPS data (vehicle position sensing) and map
matching permits precise determination of vehicle location.
SEL684V
Position Sensor Operating PrinciplesNJEL0516S0101The sensor determines current vehicle location by calculating the
previously sensed position, the distance traveled from this position,
and the directional changes occurring during this travel.
1. Distance traveled
The distance traveled is calculated using signals received from
the vehicle speed sensor. The sensor automatically compen-
sates for the slightly reduced wheel and tire diameter resulting
from tire wear.
2. Forward movement (Direction)
Changes in the direction of forward movement are calculated
by the gyro (angular velocity sensor) and the GPS antenna
(GPS data). Each of these functions has its advantage and
disadvantages. Depending upon conditions, one function takes
precedence over the other to accurately determine the direc-
tion of forward movement.
Function type Advantage Disadvantage
Gyro (Angular
velocity sen-
sor)+Able to accurately detect
minute changes in steering
angle and direction.+Calculation errors may
accumulate over a long
period of continuous
vehicle travel.
GPS antenna
(GPS data)+Able to sense vehicle travel
in four general directions
(North, South, East, and
West)+Unable to detect direction
of vehicle travel at low
vehicle speeds.
NAVIGATION SYSTEM
System Description
EL-452

Self-diagnosis ModeNJEL0519APPLICATION ITEMSNJEL0519S01
Mode DescriptionReference
page
Self DiagnosisSelf-diagnosis for Navigation, Display and GPS Antenna
connection.EL-477
Confirmation/
adjustmentDiagnose the DisplayColor and gray gradation of display can be checked in
this mode.EL-485
Diagnosis for Signals from the CarSeveral input signals to NAVI control unit, can be moni-
tored in this mode.EL-483
NavigationCheck the map CD-
ROM versionThe version (parts number) of inserted CD-ROM can be
checked in this model.EL-484
Error historyDiagnosis results previously stored in the memory
(before turning ignition switch ON) are displayed in this
mode. Time and location when/where the errors
occurred are also displayed.EL-479
Longitude & LatitudeDisplay the map. Use the joystick to adjust position. Lon-
gitude and latitude will be displayed.EL-486
Adjust the AngleTurning angle of the vehicle on the display can be
adjusted in this mode.EL-487
Speed CalibrationUnder ordinary conditions, the navigation system dis-
tance measuring function will automatically compensate
for minute decreases in wheel and tire diameter caused
by tire wear or low pressure. Speed calibration immedi-
ately restores system accuracy in cases such as when
distance calibration is needed because of the use of tire
chains in inclement weather.EL-488
Initialize LocationThis mode is for initializing the current location. Use
when the vehicle is transported a long distance by a
trailer, etc.EL-489
MODEMAP
SEL617X
HOW TO PERFORM SELF-DIAGNOSIS MODENJEL0519S021. Start the engine.
2. Push ªOPEN/CLOSEº switch and then open the display.
3. Push both of ªMAPº and ªMODEº switches at the same time for
more than five seconds.
SEL527X
4. Select ªSelf Diagnosisº or ªConfirmation/ adjustmentº.
+For further procedure, refer to the following pages which
describe each application item of the self-diagnosis mode.
NAVIGATION SYSTEM
Self-diagnosis Mode
EL-476

Possible cause Drive condition Service procedure
AreaSlippery road surfaceOn wet, icy, or gravel road where
frequent wheel slippage occurs, dis-
tance calculations may be errone-
ous. The position marker may show
the vehicle to be in inaccurate posi-
tion.
If the position marker does
not move to the correct posi-
tion even after the vehicle
has been driven approxi-
mately 10 km (6 miles), per-
form ªAdjust Current Loca-
tionº MODE (EL-496). If
necessary, perform ªSpeed
Calibrationº (EL-488). Slanted areaHilly areas where the road has
banked curves. When the vehicle
enters these banked curves, there
may be an error in steering angle
measurement. The position marker
may show the vehicle to be in inac-
curate position.
Map
dataMap display for a given road does not appear.
SEL699V
When the vehicle is driven on a
newly constructed road that does
not appear on the existing map. Map
marking and calibration are not pos-
sible. The position marker may indi-
cate inaccurate position in close
proximity to the actual position.
Subsequently, when the vehicle is
driven on a road which is available
as map data, the position marker
may still indicate an inaccurate posi-
tion.
The vehicle is driven on a road whose course has
been altered (usually to improve the road or to
eliminate some hazard).
SEL700V
When the map data shown on the
display and the actual conditions are
different. Map matching will not be
possible. The position marker may
indicate inaccurate position in close
proximity to the actual position. If the
vehicle is driven on the indicated
road, further errors may occur.
Vehicle Use of tire chains (Stormy weather)Tire chains will affect distance sens-
ing. The position marker may indi-
cate inaccurate position.If the position marker does
not move to the correct posi-
tion even after the vehicle
has been driven approxi-
mately 10 km (6 miles), per-
form ªSpeed Calibrationº (EL-
488). After removing the tire
chains, sensing accuracy
may recover by itself.
NAVIGATION SYSTEM
This Condition Is Not Abnormal (Cont'd)
EL-509

Possible cause Drive condition Service procedure
Opera-
tionDriving immediately after starting engine.The gyro (angular velocity sensor)
needs about 15 seconds after the
engine is started to precisely sense
the angular velocity.
Directional sensing errors will occur
if the vehicle is moved immediately
after starting the engine. The posi-
tion marker may indicate inaccurate
position.Wait a few moments
between starting the engine
and actually driving the
vehicle.
Continuous driving for long distances (non-stop)When the vehicle is driven continu-
ously without stopping over a long
distance, errors in directional sens-
ing may occur. The position marker
may indicate inaccurate position.Stop the vehicle. Perform
ªSpeed Calibrationº (EL-488).
Rough or violent drivingWheel spinning (peeling out) or simi-
lar rough driving techniques can
adversely affect sensing accuracy.
The position marker may indicate
inaccurate position.If the position marker does
not move to the correct posi-
tion even after the vehicle
has been driven approxi-
mately 10 km (6 miles), per-
form ªAdjust Current Loca-
tionº MODE (EL-496).
Posi-
tional
calibra-
tion
proce-
duresPositional calibration precision
SEL701V
If current vehicle location is roughly
set, the system may be unable to
locate the road that the vehicle is
traveling on. (This is especially true
in an area where there are many
roads.)Perform ªAdjust Current
Locationº MODE (EL-496)
within a precision standard of
1 mm (0.04 in) on the dis-
play.
NOTE:
During calibration, use the
most detailed map possible.
Position calibration direction
SEL702V
When calibrating the position, check
the vehicle direction. If the vehicle
direction is not correct, subsequent
precision of current location will be
affected.Perform ªAdjust Current
Locationº MODE, refer to
EL-496.
NAVIGATION SYSTEM
This Condition Is Not Abnormal (Cont'd)
EL-510

Possible cause:
Ð: Vehicle running ---: IndicationDrive condition Service procedure
Loca-
tionParking lot or similar area
SEL709V
When the vehicle is driven in a park-
ing lot or similar area, such as in an
area not normally marked as a road
on map, during map matching, the
system may select nearby roads.
This error may continue after the
vehicle exits the parking area and
begins to run on ordinary roads.
Vehicle operation in a parking area
may involve frequent turns and up
and/or down operation. Directional
sensing errors may occur leading to
subsequent route and position mis-
takes.If the position marker does
not move to the correct posi-
tion even after the vehicle
has been driven approxi-
mately 10 km (6 miles), per-
form ªStore placeº. If
required, also perform
ªAdjust Current Locationº
MODE (EL-496). Turntable
SEL710V
When the ignition switch is OFF (the
usual situation when the vehicle is
on a turntable), the navigation sys-
tem receives no data from the gyro
(angular velocity sensor). When the
turntable rotates, no directional
change is sensed. During subse-
quent vehicle operation, directional
and route errors may occur.
Position marker displays a completely different location
In circumstances such as those described below, GPS signal reception conditions may result in an erroneous
position of the position marker. Perform ªAdjust Current Locationº MODE (EL-496).
NOTE:
+When GPS satellite signal reception conditions are poor, the position of position marker may be errone-
ous. If correction is not made immediately, the position marker error will be compounded and a completely
different location will be indicated. In an area where GPS satellite signal reception conditions are good,
the system can be returned to normal operation.
+The vehicle is driven aboard a car ferry or is towed for some distance with the ignition switch OFF. Vehicle
movement is not sensed. Current location calculations do not occur and current location data does not
appear on the display screen. Use GPS to accurately determine actual vehicle position. The system can
be returned to normal operation when the GPS satellite signal reception conditions are good.
Position marker jumps
In circumstances such as those described below, the position marker may jump as a result of automatic cur-
rent location corrections made by the system.
During map matching
+During map matching, the position marker may jump from one spot to another. In this case, it may be cor-
rected to a wrong road or to an area where no road exist.
GPS location correcting
+Vehicle current location is sensed using the GPS data. Positional calibration is performed. The position
marker continues to be in the wrong position. It may jump about from one area of the screen to another.
In this case, it may be corrected to a wrong road or to an area where no road exist.
Position marker indicates that the vehicle is in the middle of an ocean or large river
The navigation system does not distinguish between land and water surfaces. In some cases, a position
marker error may cause the display to show the vehicle above a water surface.
Position of position marker varies when the vehicle is repeatedly operated on the same road
Driving lane and steering wheel movement results in a variety of different positions of the position mark when
traveling on the same road based on sensing results by the GPS antenna and gyro (angular velocity sensor).
Slow locational correction using map matching
+The map matching function requires verification of local data. To make the map matching function, some
distance needs to be driven.
+The map matching function may not provide accurate performance in an area where there are numerous
parallel roads. Until the system judges the road characteristics, an incorrect position may be shown.
NAVIGATION SYSTEM
This Condition Is Not Abnormal (Cont'd)
EL-512

REPLACEMENT OF CONNECTING ROD
BUSHING (SMALL END)
..........................................62
FLYWHEEL/DRIVE PLATE RUNOUT........................62
Assembly ...................................................................62
PISTON..................................................................62
CRANKSHAFT.........................................................63
SERVICE DATA AND SPECIFICATIONS (SDS).........66
General Specifications ...............................................66
Compression Pressure ..............................................66
Belt Deflection............................................................67
Spark Plug .................................................................67
Cylinder Head ............................................................67
Valve ..........................................................................68
VALVE....................................................................68
VALVE SPRING.......................................................68
VALVE LIFTER........................................................68
VALVE CLEARANCE................................................69
VALVE GUIDE.........................................................69
AVAILABLE SHIMS..................................................69
VALVE SEAT...........................................................71
VALVE SEAT RESURFACE LIMIT.............................72
Camshaft and Camshaft Bearing ..............................72
Cylinder Block ............................................................73
Piston, Piston Ring and Piston Pin ...........................74
PISTON..................................................................74
PISTON RING.........................................................74
PISTON PIN............................................................74
Connecting Rod .........................................................75
Crankshaft..................................................................75
Main Bearing..............................................................75
STANDARD.............................................................75
UNDERSIZE............................................................75
Connecting Rod Bearing ...........................................76
STANDARD SIZE....................................................76
UNDERSIZE............................................................76
Bearing Clearance .....................................................76
Miscellaneous Components.......................................76
YD
PRECAUTIONS.............................................................77
Parts Requiring Angular Tightening ...........................77
Liquid Gasket Application Procedure ........................77
PREPARATION.............................................................78
Special Service Tools ................................................78
Commercial Service Tools .........................................80
NOISE, VIBRATION AND HARSHNESS (NVH)
TROUBLESHOOTING...................................................82
NVH Troubleshooting - Engine Noise .......................82
MEASUREMENT OF COMPRESSION PRESSURE....83
DRIVE BELTS................................................................85
Inspection...................................................................85
Adjustment .................................................................85
AIR CONDITIONER COMPRESSOR BELT................86
ALTERNATOR & WATER PUMP BELT.....................86
Removal .....................................................................86
Installation ..................................................................87
AIR CLEANER...............................................................88
Changing Air Cleaner Filter .......................................88
VISCOUS PAPER TYPE...........................................88
OIL PAN.........................................................................89
Components...............................................................89
Removal .....................................................................89
Installation ..................................................................91
TIMING CHAIN..............................................................94
Secondary Timing Chain ...........................................94
REMOVAL...............................................................94
INSPECTION...........................................................96
INSTALLATION........................................................96
Primary Timing Chain ................................................99
REMOVAL.............................................................100
INSPECTION.........................................................102
INSTALLATION......................................................102
INTAKE MANIFOLD....................................................107
Removal and Installation .........................................107
PREPARATIVE WORK...........................................107
FUEL PIPING........................................................108
INTAKE MANIFOLD...............................................108
EGR VOLUME CONTROL VALVE...........................108
WATER HOSE.......................................................108
Inspection.................................................................109
INTAKE MANIFOLD...............................................109
CATALYST.................................................................. 110
Removal and Installation ......................................... 110
PREPARATIVE WORK........................................... 110
CATALYST............................................................ 110
GUSSET............................................................... 111
EXHAUST MANIFOLD, TURBOCHARGER............... 112
Removal and Installation ......................................... 112
PREPARATIVE WORK........................................... 112
EXHAUST MANIFOLD AND TURBOCHARGER....... 112
EXHAUST MANIFOLD GASKET............................. 113
Disassembly and Assembly ..................................... 113
TURBOCHARGER................................................. 113
Inspection................................................................. 114
EXHAUST MANIFOLD........................................... 114
TURBOCHARGER................................................. 114
ROCKER COVER........................................................ 117
Removal and Installation ......................................... 117
PREPARATIVE WORK........................................... 117
ROCKER COVER.................................................. 117
CYLINDER HEAD........................................................ 119
Components............................................................. 119
Removal ...................................................................120
PREPARATIVE WORK...........................................120
CAMSHAFT...........................................................120
CYLINDER HEAD..................................................121
Disassembly.............................................................121
Inspection.................................................................122
CONTENTS(Cont'd)
EM-2

CYLINDER HEAD DISTORTION.............................122
CAMSHAFT VISUAL CHECK..................................123
CAMSHAFT RUNOUT............................................123
CAMSHAFT CAM HEIGHT.....................................123
CAMSHAFT JOURNAL CLEARANCE......................123
CAMSHAFT END PLAY..........................................124
CAMSHAFT SPROCKET RUNOUT.........................124
VALVE GUIDE CLEARANCE..................................124
VALVE GUIDE REPLACEMENT..............................125
VALVE SEATS.......................................................126
REPLACING VALVE SEAT FOR SERVICE PARTS..126
VALVE DIMENSIONS.............................................128
VALVE SPRING.....................................................128
VALVE LIFTER......................................................128
Assembly .................................................................129
Installation ................................................................129
CYLINDER HEAD GASKET SELECTION.................130
CYLINDER HEAD BOLT DEFORMATION CHECK...131
CYLINDER HEAD-TO-BLOCK DIFFERENCE
CHECK
.................................................................131
LIQUID GASKET APPLICATION ON REAR CHAIN
CASE
....................................................................131
CYLINDER HEAD INSTALLATION..........................132
GLOW PLUG INSTALLATION.................................132
CAMSHAFT INSTALLATION...................................132
Valve Clearance.......................................................133
CHECKING...........................................................133
ADJUSTING..........................................................134
ENGINE ASSEMBLY...................................................137
Removal and Installation .........................................137
REMOVAL.............................................................138
INSTALLATION......................................................139
CYLINDER BLOCK.....................................................140
Components.............................................................140
Removal and Installation .........................................141
Disassembly.............................................................141
PISTON AND CRANKSHAFT..................................141
Inspection.................................................................144
CRANKSHAFT END PLAY.....................................144
CONNECTING ROD SIDE CLEARANCE.................144
PISTON AND PISTON PIN CLEARANCE................145
PISTON RING SIDE CLEARANCE..........................145
PISTON RING END GAP........................................145
CONNECTING ROD BEND AND TORSION.............146
CYLINDER BLOCK DISTORTION AND WEAR.........146
PISTON-TO-BORE CLEARANCE............................147
CRANKSHAFT.......................................................148
MAIN BEARING HOUSING INNER DIAMETER........149
BEARING CLEARANCE.........................................149
MAIN BEARING CRUSH HEIGHT...........................153
MAIN BEARING CAP BOLT DEFORMATION...........153
CONNECTING ROD BUSHING CLEARANCE
(SMALL END)
........................................................153
CONNECTING ROD BOLT DEFORMATION............154
FLYWHEEL RUNOUT............................................154
OIL JET................................................................154
OIL JET RELIEF VALVE.........................................154
Assembly .................................................................155
PISTON................................................................155
CRANKSHAFT.......................................................155
REPLACEMENT OF PILOT BUSHING.....................158
SERVICE DATA AND SPECIFICATIONS (SDS).......160
General Specifications .............................................160
Compression Pressure ............................................160
Belt Deflection..........................................................160
Cylinder Head ..........................................................160
Valve ........................................................................161
VALVE..................................................................161
VALVE CLEARANCE..............................................161
AVAILABLE SHIMS................................................161
VALVE SPRING.....................................................162
VALVE LIFTER......................................................162
VALVE GUIDE.......................................................163
Valve Seat................................................................164
Camshaft and Camshaft Bearing ............................166
Cylinder Block ..........................................................167
Piston, Piston Ring and Piston Pin .........................167
AVAILABLE PISTON..............................................167
PISTON RING.......................................................168
PISTON PIN..........................................................168
Connecting Rod .......................................................168
Crankshaft................................................................168
Available Main Bearing ............................................169
UNDERSIZE..........................................................169
Available Connecting Rod Bearing..........................169
CONNECTING ROD BEARING...............................169
UNDERSIZE..........................................................170
Miscellaneous Components.....................................170
BEARING CLEARANCE.........................................170
CONTENTS(Cont'd)
EM-3

CAUTION:
+After removing timing chain, do not turn crankshaft and
camshaft separately, or valves will strike piston heads.
+When installing chain tensioner, oil seats, or other sliding
parts, lubricate contacting surfaces with new engine oil.
+Apply new engine oil to bolt threads and seat surfaces
when installing camshaft sprocket and crankshaft pulley.
+When removing oil pump assembly, remove camshaft
position sensor (PHASE), then remove timing chain from
engine.
+Be careful not to damage sensor edges.
SEM869F
RemovalNJEM01051. Drain engine coolant from radiator and cylinder block.
Be careful not to spill coolant on drive belts.
2. Remove reservoir tank.
3. Release fuel pressure.
Refer to EC-40, ªFuel Pressure Releaseº.
4. Remove the following belts.
+Power steering pump drive belt
+Alternator drive belt
5. Remove front right-side wheel.
6. Remove front/right splash undercover.
7. Remove front exhaust tube.
SEM870F
8. Remove vacuum hoses, fuel hoses, and so on.
9. Remove ignition coils.
10. Remove spark plugs.
SEM102G
11. Remove rocker cover bolts in numerical order as shown in the
figure.
TIMING CHAINQG
Components (Cont'd)
EM-24

SEM887F
24. Install cylinder head front cover.
+Apply liquid gasket to cylinder head front cover.
+Use Genuine Liquid Gasket or equivalent.
SEM889F
25. Install camshaft position sensor (PHASE).
SEM888F
26. Before installing rocker cover, apply a continuous bead of liq-
uid gasket to mating surface of cylinder head.
SEM105G
27. Install rocker cover with rocker cover gasket and tighten bolts
in numerical order as shown in the figure.
28. Install spark plugs.
29. Install ignition coils.
30. Install front exhaust tube.
31. Install front/right splash undercover.
32. Install front right-side wheel.
33. Drive belts.
For adjusting drive belt deflection, refer to EM-16, ªCheckingº.
34. Reinstall parts in reverse order of removal.
TIMING CHAINQG
Installation (Cont'd)
EM-31