horn NISSAN TEANA 2008 Workshop Manual

PCS-24
< ECU DIAGNOSIS >[IPDM E/R]
IPDM E/R (INTELLIGENT POWER DISTRIBUTION MODULE ENGINE ROOM)
28
(SB)GroundPush-button ignition
switchInputPress the push-button ignition switch 0 V
Release the push-button ignition switch Battery voltage
30
(BR)Ground Starter relay control InputIgnition
switch ONSelector lever in any posi-
tion other than P or N0 V
Selector lever P or N Battery voltage
32
(V)GroundSteering lock unit condi-
tion-1InputSteering lock is activated 0 V
Steering lock is deactivated Battery voltage
33
(G)GroundSteering lock unit condi-
tion-2InputSteering lock is activated Battery voltage
Steering lock is deactivated 0 V
34
(O)Ground Cooling fan relay-3 control InputCooling fan stopped Battery voltage
Cooling fan at HI operation 0 V
35
(P)GroundCooling fan relay-1 power
supplyInputCooling fan stopped Battery voltage
Cooling fan at LO operation 6.0 V
36
(G)Ground Battery power supply Input Ignition switch OFF Battery voltage
38
(GR)GroundCooling fan relay-1 power
supplyOutputCooling fan not operating 0 V
Cooling fan at LO operation 6.0 V
39
(P)—CAN-LInput/
Output——
40
(L)—CAN-HInput/
Output——
41
(B)Ground Ground — Ignition switch ON 0 V
42
(SB)Ground Cooling fan relay-2 control InputCooling fan stopped Battery voltage
 Cooling fan MID operating
 Cooling fan HI operating0 V
43
(Y)GroundControl device
(Detention switch)InputIgnition
switch ONPress the selector button
(selector lever P)Battery voltage
 Selector lever in any po-
sition other than P
 Release the selector
button (selector lever P)0 V
44
(G)Ground Horn relay control InputThe horn is deactivated Battery voltage
The horn is activated 0 V
45
(O)Ground Horn switch InputThe horn is deactivated Battery voltage
The horn is activated 0 V
46
(BR)Ground Starter relay control InputIgnition
switch ONSelector lever in any posi-
tion other than P or N0 V
Selector lever P or N Battery voltage
48
(Y/R)Ground A/C relay power supply OutputEngine
runningA/C switch OFF 0 V
A/C switch ON
(A/C compressor is oper-
ating)Battery voltage Te r m i n a l N o .
(Wire color)Description
ConditionVa l u e
(Approx.)
Signal nameInput/
Output +−

PCS-32
< ECU DIAGNOSIS >[IPDM E/R]
IPDM E/R (INTELLIGENT POWER DISTRIBUTION MODULE ENGINE ROOM)
If No CAN Communication Is Available With BCM
IGNITION RELAY MALFUNCTION DETECTION FUNCTION
 IPDM E/R monitors the voltage at the contact circuit and excitation coil circuit of the ignition relay inside it.
 IPDM E/R judges the ignition relay error if the voltage differs between the contact circuit and the excitation
coil circuit.
 If the ignition relay cannot turn OFF due to contact seizure, it activates the tail lamp relay for 10 minutes to
alert the user to the ignition relay malfunction when the ignition switch is turned OFF.
FRONT WIPER CONTROL
IPDM E/R detects front wiper stop position by a front wiper auto stop signal.
When a front wiper auto stop signal is in the conditions listed below, IPDM E/R stops power supply to wiper
after repeating a front wiper 10 seconds activation and 20 seconds stop five times.
Control part Fail-safe operation
Cooling fan Turns ON the cooling fan relay-2 and the cooling fan relay-3 when ignition switch is
turned ON (Cooling fan operates at HI)
 Turns OFF the cooling fan relay-1, the cooling fan relay-2 and the cooling fan relay-3
when the ignition switch is turned OFF (Cooling fan does not operate)
A/C compressor A/C relay OFF
Alternator Outputs the power generation command signal (PWM signal) 0%
Control part Fail-safe operation
Headlamp Turns ON the headlamp low relay when the ignition switch is turned ON
 Turns OFF the headlamp low relay when the ignition switch is turned OFF
 Headlamp high relay OFF
Parking lamps
 License plate lamps
 Illuminations
 Tail lamps Turns ON the tail lamp relay when the ignition switch is turned ON
 Turns OFF the tail lamp relay when the ignition switch is turned OFF
Front wiper The status just before activation of fail-safe control is maintained until the ignition
switch is turned OFF while the front wiper is operating at LO or HI speed.
 The wiper is operated at LO speed until the ignition switch is turned OFF if the fail-
safe control is activated while the front wiper is set in the INT mode and the front wiper
motor is operating.
Front fog lamps Front fog lamp relay OFF
Horn Horn OFF
Ignition relay The status just before activation of fail-safe is maintained.
Starter motor Starter control relay OFF
Steering lock unit Steering lock relay OFF
Headlamp washer relay Headlamp washer relay OFF
Voltage judgment
IPDM E/R judgment Operation
Ignition relay contact sideIgnition relay excitation coil
side
ON ON Ignition relay ON normal —
OFF OFF Ignition relay OFF normal —
ON OFF Ignition relay ON stuck Detects DTC “B2098: IGN RELAY ON”
 Turns ON the tail lamp relay for 10 min-
utes
OFF ON Ignition relay OFF stuck Detects DTC “B2099: IGN RELAY OFF”

PCS
DIAGNOSIS SYSTEM (BCM)
PCS-43
< FUNCTION DIAGNOSIS >[POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM]
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L B A
O
P N
SELF-DIAG RESULT
Refer to PCS-105, "DTCIndex".
DATA MONITOR
Monitor item Description
REMO CONT ID CONFIR It can be checked whether Intelligent Key ID code is registered or not in this mode.
AUTO LOCK SETAuto door lock time can be changed in this mode.
 MODE 1: 1 minute
 MODE 2: 5 minutes
 MODE 3: 30 seconds
 MODE 4: 2 minutes
LOCK/UNLOCK BY I-KEYDoor lock/unlock function by door request switch (driver side and passenger side) mode can be
changed to operate (WITH) or not operate (WITHOUT) in this mode.
ENGINE START BY I-KEYEngine start function mode can be changed to operate (WITH) or not operate (WITHOUT) in this
mode.
TRUNK/GLASS HATCH OPENBuzzer reminder function mode by trunk lid opener request switch can be changed to operate
(WITH) or not operate (WITHOUT) in this mode.
PANIC ALARM SETNOTE:
This item is displayed, but cannot be used.
PW DOWN SETNOTE:
This item is displayed, but cannot be used.
TRUNK OPEN DELAYTrunk button pressing on Intelligent Key button can be selected as per the following in this mode.
 MODE 1: Press and hold
 MODE 2: Press twice
 MODE 3: Press and hold, or press twice
LO-BATT OF KEY FOB WARNIntelligent Key low battery warning mode can be changed to operate (WITH) or not operate (WITH-
OUT) in this mode.
ANTI KEY LOCK IN FUNCTIKey reminder function mode can be changed to operate (WITH) or not operate (WITHOUT) in this
mode.
HAZARD ANSWER BACKHazard reminder function mode can be selected from the following in this mode.
 LOCK ONLY: Door lock operation only
 UNLOCK ONLY: Door unlock operation only
 LOCK/UNLOCK: Lock/unlock operation
 OFF: Non-operational
ANS BACK I-KEY LOCKBuzzer reminder function (lock operation) mode by door request switch (driver side and passenger
side) can be selected from the following is this mode.
 Horn chirp: Sound horn
 Buzzer: Sound Intelligent Key warning buzzer
 OFF: Non-operational
ANS BACK I-KEY UNLOCKBuzzer reminder function (unlock operation) mode by door request switch can be changed to op-
erate (ON) or not operate (OFF) in this mode.
SHORT CRANKING OUTPUTStarter motor can operate during the times below.
70 msec
 100 msec
 200 msec
INSIDE ANT DIAGNOSIS This function allows inside key antenna self-diagnosis.
HORN WITH KEYLESS LOCKHorn reminder function mode by Intelligent Key button can be changed to operate (ON) or not op-
erate (OFF) in this mode.
Monitor Item Condition
REQ SW -DR Indicates [ON/OFF] condition of door request switch (driver side).
REQ SW -AS Indicates [ON/OFF] condition of door request switch (passenger side).
REQ SW -BD/TR Indicates [ON/OFF] condition of trunk lid opener request switch.
PUSH SW Indicates [ON/OFF] condition of push-button ignition switch.
IGN RLY2 -F/B Indicates [ON/OFF] condition of ignition relay 2.

PCS
DIAGNOSIS SYSTEM (BCM)
PCS-45
< FUNCTION DIAGNOSIS >[POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM]
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L B A
O
P N
Test item Description
BATTERY SAVERThis test is able to check interior room lamp operation.
The interior room lamp will be activated when “ON” on CONSULT-III screen is touched.
PW REMOTO DOWN SETNOTE:
This item is displayed, but cannot be used.
OUTSIDE BUZZERThis test is able to check Intelligent Key warning buzzer operation.
The Intelligent Key warning buzzer will be activated when “ON” on CONSULT-III screen is touched.
INSIDE BUZZERThis test is able to check warning chime in combination meter operation.
 Take away warning chime sounds when “TAKE OUT” on CONSULT-III screen is touched.
 Key warning chime sounds when “KEY” on CONSULT-III screen is touched.
 P position warning chime sounds when “KNOB” on CONSULT-III screen is touched.
INDICATORThis test is able to check warning lamp operation.
 “KEY” Warning lamp illuminates when “RED ON” on CONSULT-III screen is touched.
 “KEY” Warning lamp blinks when “RED IND” on CONSULT-III screen is touched.
INT LAMPThis test is able to check interior room lamp operation.
The interior room lamp will be activated when “ON” on CONSULT-III screen is touched.
LCDThis test is able to check meter display information
 Engine start information displays when “BP N” on CONSULT-III screen is touched.
 Engine start information displays when “BP I” on CONSULT-III screen is touched.
 Key ID warning displays when “ID NG” on CONSULT-III screen is touched.
 Steering lock information displays when “ROTAT” on CONSULT-III screen is touched.
 P position warning displays when “SFT P” on CONSULT-III screen is touched.
 Intelligent Key insert information displays when “INSRT” on CONSULT-III screen is touched.
 Intelligent Key low battery warning displays when “BATT” on CONSULT-III screen is touched.
 Take away warning displays when “OUTKEY” on CONSULT-III screen is touched.
 OFF position warning displays when “LK WN” on CONSULT-III screen is touched.
TRUNK/GLASS HATCHThis test is able to check trunk lid opener actuator open operation.
This actuator opens when “OPEN” on CONSULT-III screen is touched.
FLASHERThis test is able to check security hazard lamp operation.
The hazard lamps will be activated when “RH” or “LH”on CONSULT-III screen is touched.
HORNThis test is able to check horn operation.
The horn will be activated when “ON” on CONSULT-III screen is touched.
P RANGEThis test is able to check control device power supply
Control device power is supplied when “ON” on CONSULT-III screen is touched.
ENGINE SW ILLUMIThis test is able to check push-ignition switch illumination operation.
Push-ignition switch illumination illuminates when “ON” on CONSULT-III screen is touched.
LOCK INDICATORThis test is able to check LOCK indicator in push-ignition switch operation.
LOCK indicator in push-ignition switch illuminates when “ON” on CONSULT-III screen is touched.
ACC INDICATORThis test is able to check ACC indicator in push-ignition switch operation.
ACC indicator in push-ignition switch illuminates when “ON” on CONSULT-III screen is touched.
IGNITION ON INDThis test is able to check ON indicator in push-ignition switch operation.
ON indicator in push-ignition switch illuminates when “ON” on CONSULT-III screen is touched.
KEY SLOT ILLUMIThis test is able to check key slot illumination operation.
Key slot illumination illuminates when “ON” on CONSULT-III screen is touched.
TRUNK/BACK DOORThis test is able to check trunk lid opener actuator open operation.
This actuator opens when “OPEN” on CONSULT-III screen is touched.

PCS-108
< ECU DIAGNOSIS >[POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM]
IPDM E/R (INTELLIGENT POWER DISTRIBUTION MODULE ENGINE ROOM)
ST/INHI RLYIgnition switch ON Off
At engine cranking INHI → ST
The status of starter relay or starter control relay cannot be recognized by
the battery voltage malfunction, etc. when the starter relay is ON and the
starter control relay is OFFUNKWN
DETENT SWIgnition switch ON Press the selector button with se-
lector lever in P position
 Selector lever in any position oth-
er than POff
Release the selector button with selector lever in P position On
S/L RLY -REQNone of the conditions below are present Off
 Open the driver door after the ignition switch is turned OFF (for a few
seconds)
 Press the push-button ignition switch when the steering lock is activat-
edOn
S/L STATESteering lock is activated LOCK
Steering lock is deactivated UNLOCK
[DTC: B210A] is detected UNKWN
DTRL REQNOTE:
The item is indicated, but not monitored.Off
OIL P SWIgnition switch OFF, ACC or engine running Open
Ignition switch ON Close
HOOD SWClose the hood Off
Open the hood On
HL WASHER REQNot operating Off
Headlamp washer operating On
THFT HRN REQNot operating Off
Horn is activated with vehicle security (theft warning) system On
HORN CHIRPNot operating Off
 Door locking with Intelligent Key (horn chirp mode)
 Door locking with key fob (horn chirp mode)On
CRNRNG LMP REQNOTE:
The item is indicated, but not monitored.Off Monitor Item Condition Value/Status

PCS
IPDM E/R (INTELLIGENT POWER DISTRIBUTION MODULE ENGINE ROOM)
PCS-111
< ECU DIAGNOSIS >[POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM]
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L B A
O
P N
28
(SB)GroundPush-button ignition
switchInputPress the push-button ignition switch 0 V
Release the push-button ignition switch Battery voltage
30
(BR)Ground Starter relay control InputIgnition
switch ONSelector lever in any posi-
tion other than P or N0 V
Selector lever P or N Battery voltage
32
(V)GroundSteering lock unit condi-
tion-1InputSteering lock is activated 0 V
Steering lock is deactivated Battery voltage
33
(G)GroundSteering lock unit condi-
tion-2InputSteering lock is activated Battery voltage
Steering lock is deactivated 0 V
34
(O)Ground Cooling fan relay-3 control InputCooling fan stopped Battery voltage
Cooling fan at HI operation 0 V
35
(P)GroundCooling fan relay-1 power
supplyInputCooling fan stopped Battery voltage
Cooling fan at LO operation 6.0 V
36
(G)Ground Battery power supply Input Ignition switch OFF Battery voltage
38
(GR)GroundCooling fan relay-1 power
supplyOutputCooling fan not operating 0 V
Cooling fan at LO operation 6.0 V
39
(P)—CAN-LInput/
Output——
40
(L)—CAN-HInput/
Output——
41
(B)Ground Ground — Ignition switch ON 0 V
42
(SB)Ground Cooling fan relay-2 control InputCooling fan stopped Battery voltage
 Cooling fan MID operating
 Cooling fan HI operating0 V
43
(Y)GroundControl device
(Detention switch)InputIgnition
switch ONPress the selector button
(selector lever P)Battery voltage
 Selector lever in any po-
sition other than P
 Release the selector
button (selector lever P)0 V
44
(G)Ground Horn relay control InputThe horn is deactivated Battery voltage
The horn is activated 0 V
45
(O)Ground Horn switch InputThe horn is deactivated Battery voltage
The horn is activated 0 V
46
(BR)Ground Starter relay control InputIgnition
switch ONSelector lever in any posi-
tion other than P or N0 V
Selector lever P or N Battery voltage
48
(Y/R)Ground A/C relay power supply OutputEngine
runningA/C switch OFF 0 V
A/C switch ON
(A/C compressor is oper-
ating)Battery voltage Te r m i n a l N o .
(Wire color)Description
ConditionVa l u e
(Approx.)
Signal nameInput/
Output +−

PCS
IPDM E/R (INTELLIGENT POWER DISTRIBUTION MODULE ENGINE ROOM)
PCS-119
< ECU DIAGNOSIS >[POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM]
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L B A
O
P N If No CAN Communication Is Available With BCM
IGNITION RELAY MALFUNCTION DETECTION FUNCTION
 IPDM E/R monitors the voltage at the contact circuit and excitation coil circuit of the ignition relay inside it.
 IPDM E/R judges the ignition relay error if the voltage differs between the contact circuit and the excitation
coil circuit.
 If the ignition relay cannot turn OFF due to contact seizure, it activates the tail lamp relay for 10 minutes to
alert the user to the ignition relay malfunction when the ignition switch is turned OFF.
FRONT WIPER CONTROL
IPDM E/R detects front wiper stop position by a front wiper auto stop signal.
When a front wiper auto stop signal is in the conditions listed below, IPDM E/R stops power supply to wiper
after repeating a front wiper 10 seconds activation and 20 seconds stop five times.
Control part Fail-safe operation
Cooling fan Turns ON the cooling fan relay-2 and the cooling fan relay-3 when ignition switch is
turned ON (Cooling fan operates at HI)
 Turns OFF the cooling fan relay-1, the cooling fan relay-2 and the cooling fan relay-3
when the ignition switch is turned OFF (Cooling fan does not operate)
A/C compressor A/C relay OFF
Alternator Outputs the power generation command signal (PWM signal) 0%
Control part Fail-safe operation
Headlamp Turns ON the headlamp low relay when the ignition switch is turned ON
 Turns OFF the headlamp low relay when the ignition switch is turned OFF
 Headlamp high relay OFF
Parking lamps
 License plate lamps
 Illuminations
 Tail lamps Turns ON the tail lamp relay when the ignition switch is turned ON
 Turns OFF the tail lamp relay when the ignition switch is turned OFF
Front wiper The status just before activation of fail-safe control is maintained until the ignition
switch is turned OFF while the front wiper is operating at LO or HI speed.
 The wiper is operated at LO speed until the ignition switch is turned OFF if the fail-
safe control is activated while the front wiper is set in the INT mode and the front wiper
motor is operating.
Front fog lamps Front fog lamp relay OFF
Horn Horn OFF
Ignition relay The status just before activation of fail-safe is maintained.
Starter motor Starter control relay OFF
Steering lock unit Steering lock relay OFF
Headlamp washer relay Headlamp washer relay OFF
Voltage judgment
IPDM E/R judgment Operation
Ignition relay contact sideIgnition relay excitation coil
side
ON ON Ignition relay ON normal —
OFF OFF Ignition relay OFF normal —
ON OFF Ignition relay ON stuck Detects DTC “B2098: IGN RELAY ON”
 Turns ON the tail lamp relay for 10 min-
utes
OFF ON Ignition relay OFF stuck Detects DTC “B2099: IGN RELAY OFF”

PCS
POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
PCS-123
< SYMPTOM DIAGNOSIS >[POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM]
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L B A
O
P N8VEHICLE SE-
CURITY SYS-
TEMLock all doors with Intelligent
Key
Vehicle security system can
not be set—SEC-197
Lock all doors with door request
switch—SEC-197
Lock all doors with Intelligent
Key or door request switch Security indicator lamp does
not turn ON—SEC-196
In the armed phase, open the
doorVehicle security alarm does
not activateHorn
SEC-199
Hazard warning lamp
When alarm sounds, press In-
telligent Key button
Vehicle security system can
not be canceled—SEC-200
When alarm sounds, press door
request switch—SEC-200
9POWER DIS-
TRIBUTION
FUNCTIONPress push-button ignition
switch under the following con-
ditions.
 Selector lever position is in
the P or N position
 Do not depress brake pedalPush-button ignition switch
position indicator does not illu-
minate—PCS-125
NO. Function Operation condition Symptom Diagnostic ItemReference
page

SEC-4
Description .............................................................117
Component Function Check ................................117
Diagnosis Procedure .............................................117
HORN FUNCTION ...........................................118
Description .............................................................118
Component Function Check ................................118
Diagnosis Procedure ............................................118
HAZARD FUNCTION .......................................120
Description .............................................................120
Component Function Check ................................120
Diagnosis Procedure .............................................120
INTELLIGENT KEY SYSTEM/ENGINE
START FUNCTION ..........................................
121
Wiring Diagram - INTELLIGENT KEY SYSTEM/
ENGINE START FUNCTION - ..............................
121
NISSAN VEHICLE IMMOBILIZER SYSTEM-
NATS ................................................................
129
Wiring Diagram - NVIS - ........................................129
VEHICLE SECURITY SYSTEM .......................137
Wiring Diagram - VEHICLE SECURITY SYSTEM
- .............................................................................
137
ECU DIAGNOSIS .......................................144
BCM (BODY CONTROL MODULE) ................144
Reference Value ....................................................144
Wiring Diagram - BCM - ........................................167
Fail-safe .................................................................173
DTC Inspection Priority Chart .............................175
DTC Index .............................................................176
IPDM E/R (INTELLIGENT POWER DISTRI-
BUTION MODULE ENGINE ROOM) ...............
178
Reference Value ....................................................178
Wiring Diagram - IPDM E/R - .................................186
Fail-safe .................................................................189
DTC Index .............................................................191
SYMPTOM DIAGNOSIS ............................192
SECURITY CONTROL SYSTEM .....................192
Symptom Table .....................................................192
ENGINE DOES NOT START WHEN INTELLI-
GENT KEY IS INSIDE OF VEHICLE ...............
193
Description .............................................................193
Diagnosis Procedure .............................................193
STEERING DOES NOT LOCK ........................194
Description .............................................................194
Diagnosis Procedure .............................................194
ENGINE DOES NOT START WHEN INTELLI-
GENT KEY IS INSERTED INTO KEY SLOT ...
195
Description ............................................................195
Diagnosis Procedure .............................................195
SECURITY INDICATOR LAMP DOES NOT
TURN ON OR FLASH ......................................
196
Description ............................................................196
Diagnosis Procedure .............................................196
VEHICLE SECURITY SYSTEM CAN NOT BE
SET ...................................................................
197
INTELLIGENT KEY .................................................197
INTELLIGENT KEY : Description ..........................197
INTELLIGENT KEY : Diagnosis Procedure ..........197
DOOR REQUEST SWITCH .....................................197
DOOR REQUEST SWITCH : Description .............197
DOOR REQUEST SWITCH : Diagnosis Proce-
dure .......................................................................
197
VEHICLE SECURITY ALARM DOES NOT
ACTIVATE ........................................................
199
Description ............................................................199
Diagnosis Procedure .............................................199
VEHICLE SECURITY SYSTEM CAN NOT BE
CANCELED ......................................................
200
INTELLIGENT KEY .................................................200
INTELLIGENT KEY : Description ..........................200
INTELLIGENT KEY : Diagnosis Procedure ..........200
DOOR REQUEST SWITCH .....................................200
DOOR REQUEST SWITCH : Description .............200
DOOR REQUEST SWITCH : Diagnosis Proce-
dure .......................................................................
200
KEY SLOT INDICATOR DOES NOT ILLUMI-
NATE ................................................................
201
Description ............................................................201
Diagnosis Procedure .............................................201
PRECAUTION ...........................................202
PRECAUTIONS ................................................202
Precaution for Supplemental Restraint System
(SRS) "AIR BAG" and "SEAT BELT PRE-TEN-
SIONER" ...............................................................
202
Precaution for Procedure without Cowl Top Cover .202
Precaution Necessary for Steering Wheel Rota-
tion after Battery Disconnect .................................
202
ON-VEHICLE REPAIR ..............................204
KEY SLOT ........................................................204
Removal and Installation .......................................204
PUSH BUTTON IGNITION SWITCH ................205
Removal and Installation .......................................205

SEC-12
< FUNCTION DIAGNOSIS >[INTELLIGENT KEY SYSTEM]
INTELLIGENT KEY SYSTEM/ENGINE START FUNCTION
Component Parts Location
INFOID:0000000003814904
1. BCM M118, M119, M121, M122, M123 2. TCM F23 3. IPDM E/R E10, E11, F12
4. ECM E16 5. Push-button ignition switch M101 6. Key slot M99
7. Combination meter (key warning lamp)
M348. Combination meter (security indicator
lamp) M349. Horn (high) E340, E341
10. Horn (low) E342, E343 11. Control device (detention switch) M57 12. Stop lamp switch E115
13. Remote keyless entry receiver M78
A. Behind the combination meter B. Engine room (LH) C. View with the center console as-
sembly removed
D. Behind the instrument lower panel LH E. Behind the instrument lower panel RH
JMKIA2349ZZ